US4690819A - Method for stabilizing rubella HA antigen - Google Patents

Method for stabilizing rubella HA antigen Download PDF

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Publication number
US4690819A
US4690819A US06/792,316 US79231685A US4690819A US 4690819 A US4690819 A US 4690819A US 79231685 A US79231685 A US 79231685A US 4690819 A US4690819 A US 4690819A
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Prior art keywords
antigen
rubella
suspension
sodium azide
titer
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US06/792,316
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Akihiko Sato
Akira Noto
Fumiaki Morita
Kunihiro Nakajima
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Shionogi and Co Ltd
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Shionogi and Co Ltd
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Assigned to SHIONOGE & CO., LTD., FUKUSHIMA, OSAKA, reassignment SHIONOGE & CO., LTD., FUKUSHIMA, OSAKA, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MORITA, FUMIAKI, NAKAJIMA, KUNIHIRO, NOTO, AKIRA, SATO, AKIHIKO
Assigned to SHIONOGI & CO., LTD. reassignment SHIONOGI & CO., LTD. RE-RECORD OF AN INSTRUMENT RECORDED OCT. 28, 1985, AT REEL 4475, FRAME 791-792 TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE. Assignors: MORITA, FUMIAKI, NAKAJIMA, KUNIHIRO, NOTO, AKIRA, SATO, AKIHIKO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • G01N33/56983—Viruses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/554—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being a biological cell or cell fragment, e.g. bacteria, yeast cells
    • G01N33/555—Red blood cell
    • G01N33/556—Fixed or stabilised red blood cell

Definitions

  • a certain kind of virus carries a component called HA antigen (Hemagglutination Antigen), which has a property agglutinating the animal erythrocytes, on their particle surface.
  • Anti-virus antibodies inhibit the agglutination between the HA antigens and the animal erythrocytes.
  • An anti-virus antibody titer can be determined by the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test utilizing such a property of HA antigen.
  • the most general one is determination of antibody titer against rubella virus; and the HI test is generally used as serological method for diagnosing an infection or anamnetic infection with rubella virus.
  • rubella infection in the first pregnant stage is a matter of primary concern for pregnant women in a delivery stage as it causes a birth of congenital rubella child, so that the rubella HI antibody titer test has widely been applied as one of screening tests for pregnant women.
  • This invention relates to a method for stabilizing rubella HA antigen which is used in the rubella HI test based on the hemagglutination inhibition.
  • Rubella HA antigen is used in the rubella HI antibody titer test practiced generally.
  • Rubella HA antigen suspension is desired to be stable without deterioration of antigen titer over a long term for simplifying a titer-adjusting procedure at the time of use and also for securing reproducibility of the data and accuracy of the test. And the stabilization prevents the waste of the reagent especially in dealing with a small number of samples. Therefore, various methods for keeping rubella HA antigen stable have been studied. For example, P. E. Halonen reported that rubella HA antigen which was extracted from the cells infected by rubella virus with a glycine buffer (pH 9.0) was stable at 4° C. and -70° C.
  • a rubella HA antigen suspension can be stabilized by adjustment at pH 9.6 or higher, preferably pH 9.7 to 11.0 and more preferably about pH 10.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension is further stabilized by addition of sodium azide at a concentration of 0.05-10% (w/v).
  • sodium azide acts bacteriostatically at a concentration of above 0.05% and as a stabilizer at a concentration above 1%.
  • Sodium azide alone, also stabilizes the suspension at a concentration of 1-10% (w/v) without the adjustment of pH.
  • FIG. 1 shows the influence of pH range on stability of rubella antigen.
  • FIG. 2 shows the influence of concentration of sodium azide on stability of rubella antigen
  • FIG. 3 shows the influence of pH range and concentration of sodium azide on stability of rubella antigen.
  • the horizontal axis means the stored days and the vertical axis means rubella HA antigen titer.
  • a rubella HA antigen suspension can be stabilized by adjustment at pH 9.6 or higher, preferably pH 9.7 to 11.0 and more preferably about pH 10. This adjustment of pH can be achieved by using usual bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and so on.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension may be lyophilized as necessary and the adjustment of pH may be carried out before or after lyophilization. The pH fixed before lyophilization does not alter after the regeneration of the lyophilized suspension and the suspension is kept stable.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension is further stabilized by addition of sodium azide at a concentration of 0.05-10% (w/v). Sodium azide acts bacteriostatically at a concentration of above 0.05% and as a stabilizer at a concentration at above 1%. Sodium azide alone also stabilizes the suspension at a concentration of 1-10% (w/v) without the adjustment of pH.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension of the present invention is so stable that its antigen titer is not decreased over a long time, compared with conventional suspensions of the prior art. Since the pH and the addition of sodium azide in this invention do not influence any antibody titer in the rubella HI antibody titer test, the rubella HA antigen suspension of this invention can be used in the same manner as conventional suspensions.
  • BHK-21 Boby hamster kidney cells
  • rubella virus M-33 strain After the infected cells are cultured at 37° C. for 3 to 7 days, the resulting culture medium is collected.
  • the collected rubella HA antigen suspension (500 ml) is inactivated and adjusted to pH 10.0 with 2N-sodium hydroxide.
  • the resulting precipitate is removed by filtration or centrifugation to give a rubella HA antigen suspension which exhibits pH 10.
  • the suspension is moved into and lyophilized in each vial at such a volume that, when the lyophilizate is dissolved with 2 ml/vial of purified water, the resulting suspension shows a titer of about 80 times.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension showing pH above 9.6 is prepared and lyophilized in the same procedure as mentioned above.
  • rubella HA antigen (pH 10) prepared in Example 1 is added sodium azide in such a way that the sodium azide concentration is 0.1% (w/v) when the suspension is regenerated from the lyophilizate.
  • a pH 10 suspension of rubella HA antigen containing sodium azide is prepared. If necessary, the suspension is lyophilized in the same manner as mentioned in Example 1.
  • the suspension of rubella HA antigen of which the pH range is 9.6 or higher and the sodium azide concentration is between 0.05 and 10% (w/v) is prepared in the same procedure as mentioned above.
  • the suspension may be lyophilized if necessary.
  • the rubella HA antigen suspension is collected in the same manner as mentioned in Example 1, and an appropriate amount of sodium azide is added thereto so as to show 1-10% (w/v) sodium azide concentration.
  • BHK-21 is cultured in a culture bottle, infected with a rubella virus M-33 strain and incubated at 37° C. On the 3rd to 7th day the cultured medium is collected, and the infectious virus is inactivated to give a rubella HA antigen suspension.
  • rubella HA antigen Titration of rubella HA antigen is carried out according to the method of National Institute of Health Japan, that is, Veronal buffer [VBS(+)] containing 0.1% bovine serum-albumin (BSA) and 0.005% gelatin is used for diluent of serum and antigen.
  • Veronal buffer [VBS(+)] containing 0.1% bovine serum-albumin (BSA) and 0.005% gelatin is used for diluent of serum and antigen.
  • BSA bovine serum-albumin
  • gelatin gelatin
  • the HA antigen is diluted by 2 fold serial dilution. Further 0.25% goose erythrocytes is added to the diluted antigen, and the mixture is well shaken, and allowed to stand in a refrigerator.
  • the HA titer of the antigen is defined as the maximum dilution frequency causing complete hemagglutination after about an hour.
  • the collected rubella HA antigen is lyophilized and suspended in purified water, the suspension is adjusted to pH 10.0 with 2N-sodium hydroxide and stored at 4° C. In this case the HA titer does not decrease for at least one month.
  • the rubella HA antigen adjusted to pH 10.0 in Example 1 is lyophilized, suspended in purified water, and the suspension is stored at 4° C. In this case the HA titer does not decrease for at least 2 months.
  • the collected rubella HA antigen is adjusted to pH 10.0 or pH 7.5 with 2N-sodium hydroxide. Each antigen suspension is divided into two portions. Sodium azide is added to one portion at the concentration of 5%, but not to another portion. At this time, the pH range of the suspensions containing sodium azide are altered from 10.0 to 9.7 and from 7.5 to 7.7, respectively. These antigen suspensions are stored at 4° C. The HA titer of each suspension is measured and the results are shown on FIG. 3. The antigen suspension containing 5% sodium azide at pH 10.0 does not show any decrease of HA titer while stored at 4° C. for 140 days, and is more stable than the other stabilized antigen suspensions.
  • the rubella HA antibody titer is measured with the stabilized HA antigen as mentioned above.
  • HI antibody titration is carried out according to the method of National Institute of Health, Japan. The same instruments and reagents which are employed in the microtiter method for the HA titration are used.
  • the maximum serum dilution frequency able to inhibit HA antigen is defined as the antibody titer. The results are shown in the following Table 1.
  • HI antibodies show lower titer when the antigen suspension is adjusted at above pH 11, or when sodium azide is added at a concentration above 20%. But, when the stabilized antigen suspension is adjusted to its optimum pH of 10.0 and sodium azide is added at a concentration of 5%, there is no influence on HI antibody titer so that it can be used in the same manner as usual antigen.
  • the antigens can be utilized effectively and waste of the can be prevented so that the test can be easily carried out in a laboratory dealing with a very small amount of sample and that the reproducibility and accuracy of the results can be secured.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
US06/792,316 1984-12-14 1985-10-28 Method for stabilizing rubella HA antigen Expired - Lifetime US4690819A (en)

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JP59264863A JPS61142466A (ja) 1984-12-14 1984-12-14 風疹ｈａ抗原の安定化法
JP59-264863 1984-12-14

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US (1) US4690819A (de)
EP (1) EP0187215B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61142466A (de)
DE (1) DE3577480D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2168356B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000033081A1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-08 Viral Antigens, Inc. IMPROVED SPECIFICITY IN THE DETECTION OF ANTI-RUBELLA IgM ANTIBODIES

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0696619B2 (ja) * 1989-09-28 1994-11-30 三洋化成工業株式会社 高吸水性ポリマー組成物及びその製造方法ならびにそれからなる高吸水性物品
WO2008136861A2 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Inactivated and dried biological preparations

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3553312A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-01-05 Flow Lab Process for producing rubella-virus hemagglutinating antigen
US4195074A (en) * 1977-03-01 1980-03-25 Abbott Laboratories Process for producing a soluble rubella antigen
US4590156A (en) * 1982-05-21 1986-05-20 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Agglutination assay and product for rubella antibody

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA943066A (en) * 1968-10-31 1974-03-05 Betty L. Lanius Hemagglutination inhibition test for viruses
US3777014A (en) * 1971-02-02 1973-12-04 Beckman Instruments Inc Method and reagents for the diagnosis of viral diseases
JPS5912991B2 (ja) * 1976-02-02 1984-03-27 武田薬品工業株式会社 風疹ｈｉ抗体測定用希釈液
US4313927A (en) * 1979-10-19 1982-02-02 Ames-Yissum Ltd. Immunoassay method for detecting viral antibodies in whole blood samples
US4403037A (en) * 1980-10-10 1983-09-06 American Hoechst Corporation Erythrocyte preparations and use thereof in hemagglutination tests

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3553312A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-01-05 Flow Lab Process for producing rubella-virus hemagglutinating antigen
US4195074A (en) * 1977-03-01 1980-03-25 Abbott Laboratories Process for producing a soluble rubella antigen
US4590156A (en) * 1982-05-21 1986-05-20 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Agglutination assay and product for rubella antibody

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chong et al., "Purification of Biologically Active Rubella Virus Antigen . . . Chromatography" J. Virol. Methods 10 (1985) pp. 261-268.
Chong et al., Purification of Biologically Active Rubella Virus Antigen . . . Chromatography J. Virol. Methods 10 (1985) pp. 261 268. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000033081A1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-08 Viral Antigens, Inc. IMPROVED SPECIFICITY IN THE DETECTION OF ANTI-RUBELLA IgM ANTIBODIES
US6670117B2 (en) 1998-12-01 2003-12-30 Viral Antigens, Inc. Specificity in the detection of anti-rubella IgM antibodies
US20040096824A1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2004-05-20 Viral Antigents, Inc. Specificity in the detection of anti-rubella IgM antibodies
US6872396B2 (en) 1998-12-01 2005-03-29 Viral Antigens, Inc. Specificity in the detection of anti-rubella IGM antibodies

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Publication number Publication date
GB2168356B (en) 1989-06-14
EP0187215B1 (de) 1990-05-02
JPH0519659B2 (de) 1993-03-17
JPS61142466A (ja) 1986-06-30
GB2168356A (en) 1986-06-18
DE3577480D1 (de) 1990-06-07
GB8530265D0 (en) 1986-01-22
EP0187215A1 (de) 1986-07-16

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