US4682632A - Crack stopping in pipelines - Google Patents

Crack stopping in pipelines Download PDF

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Publication number
US4682632A
US4682632A US06/784,829 US78482985A US4682632A US 4682632 A US4682632 A US 4682632A US 78482985 A US78482985 A US 78482985A US 4682632 A US4682632 A US 4682632A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pipe
notches
texture changes
helical
perforations
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/784,829
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Wiedenhoff
Adolf W. Gaertner
Gert Vogt
Claus Weisgerber
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to MANNESMANN AG, MANNESMANNUFER 2, D-4000 DUESSELDORF 1, WEST GERMANY, A CORP OF GERMANY reassignment MANNESMANN AG, MANNESMANNUFER 2, D-4000 DUESSELDORF 1, WEST GERMANY, A CORP OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GAERTNER, ADOLF W., VOGT, GERT, WEISGERBER, CLAUS, WIEDENHOFF, WOLFGANG
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Publication of US4682632A publication Critical patent/US4682632A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L57/00—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear
    • F16L57/02—Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against cracking or buckling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stopping the propagation of cracks in steel pipes, or pipelines used for and in gas conduits with a length of at least of at least 300 mm; a structure for impeding the propagation of such cracks should have an internal diameter equal to the internal diameter of the conduit. Moreover the particular impeding device should have a front face such that it can be butt welded in end-to-end configuration with a member of the conduit.
  • the conduction of natural gas or crude oil over large distances employs to a considerable extent longitudinally welded tubes or pipes. These pipes should withstand gas pressures of 60 bars and higher.
  • the tubes, or pipes are made from thermo-mechanically rolled sheet or strip or skelp stock and should be amenable to a mechanical expansion for improving the shape and configuration.
  • European printed patent application No. 7,448,2 includes a comprehensive description of a variety of proposals that have been made here. Generally speaking the technical conditions under which crack propagation has to be prevented can be regarded as generally known. However, for a variety of reasons the various proposals are endowed with drawbacks and deficiencies relating for example to manufacturing techniques or to the effect that is hoped to be obtained but may not always be realized.
  • the various conduits should be constructed basically in a laminated fashion; the individual elements being threaded seam pipes.
  • Such a pipe may as far as an individual section is concerned be indeed meet highest safety requirements provided each individual lamina fulfills completely the operating conditions.
  • pipes and pipe lines of a thousand km length or more can from a realistic point of view simply not be constructed in this fashion.
  • conduits made of longitudinally welded tubes and pipes and wherein within the pipe line so called crack stoppers are included and inserted are a particularly configured, short pipe, tube or sleeve which replaces over a short section the regular pipe of the pipeline.
  • Examples of such a crack stopper are e.g. shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,096,105.
  • Local reinforcement is an analogous way of proceeding and is disclosed in German Pat. No. 9,369,81.
  • These proposals, however, are endowed with the drawback that they will be effective if and only if the wall thickness at the pipe at that particular location is strengthened and increased.
  • the pipe however, must offer in its interior a smooth flow space, without internal constriction, and as far as installation and surface contour is concerned the outside should be smooth too.
  • any local increase in the tube or pipe wall thickness will not meet those requirements.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that a crack which has formed for one reason or another in a pipeline can introduce a measurable defect in the conduction which still remains within certain technical safety requirements but that it is absolutely necessary to stop the propagation of the crack in order to avoid hazardous conditions. Therefore it is necessary to prevent the migration of a crack with a very high degree of certainty.
  • the distribution of crack stoppers in a given conduit and pipeline should be made subject to the particular situation including the degree of safety that is needed i.e. including considerations as to what kind of cracks are tolerable and which are not.
  • a steel pipe section is suggested for use as crack stopper having an internal diameter as well as an external diameter equal to the diameter of the pipeline in which it is to be inserted whereby the length of this particular crack stopper is to be at least 300 mm.
  • this steel pipe is to have notches or texture changes arranged inside the wall or on the outside surface and organized in at least two rows and extending it at an angle between 35 and 70 degress in relation to the axis whereby e.g. in an azimuthal direction the notches or texture changes overlap; any geometric axial line on or in the steel pipe passes at least through one of such notch or texture change.
  • the notches or textures changes as arranged on any one axial line are spaced apart on that line and are, in the direction of the line, between 10 and 100 times as long as they are wide.
  • the depth of the notches and texture change is between 1/10 and 3/5 of the wall thickness of the pipe and have rounded ends.
  • the crack stopper is smooth on the inside and on the outside.
  • this particular pipe in a laminated fashion using a plurality of strips, layers whereby in one example an internal strip is provided with the notches, even perforations or the texture changes.
  • the strips or concentric tubes may have equal or unequal thickness whereby a thicker strip or tube is arranged at the surface and a thinner one on the inside and is provided with notches as stated.
  • An arrangement with an inner element that is perforated entails at least three lamina: an inner one, an outer one and a middle one which has notches. Additional layers are within the purview of this invention. It was found however that the internal gas pressure experienced at least at the present time do not require more than three layers.
  • the individual layers may be individually formed into tubes and, possibly after expansion, they are inserted into each other in a telescopic fashion one inside the other.
  • a larger number of lamina and inserted tubes can be accomodated by this process.
  • Conceivably the entire arrangement of assembled tubing may subsequently be expanded together, preferably mechanically and not hydraulically.
  • All the tubes are relatively short so that they can be telescopically assembled even if the diameter differences are rather small which of course is an advantageous procedure.
  • the individual tubes have been formed from a strip with welding along the edges and may well be necessary to remove the burr of the weld.
  • notching or perforation is of a secondary nature.
  • a plain sheet or strip as a blank and the notches are provided through rolling whereby the respective rolls are similar to those used for directly corrugating sheet stock but impressions are basically produced here.
  • a multistrip e.g. a three-strip or layer compound steel pipe
  • a multistrip laminated arrangement if provided with an internal layer may have the latter constructed from helically coiled ribbon or strip.
  • narrow strips can be used generally and welded into tubes with a helical pitch amounting to 40 to 70 degrees.
  • the weld itself may even be used to define row of notches and they will run in the proper direction.
  • the perforations or notches may be provided helically generally, using a tool that is run around the pipe which practice is much possible regardless of whether a single or multi-layer is used.
  • the tools envisioned here may primarily be of the so called finger milling type.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b respectively show side elevation and cross section of a steel pipe serving as crack stopper in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention; the pipe being in fact of a three-layer configuration with internal perforations; and
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are respectively side view and cross-sectional view through a two-layer tubing with internal notching on an inner tube and having an outer cover to obtain a two ply laminated construction.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show a short steel pipe to be used as crack stopper in that it is inserted in a pipeline for gas.
  • the particular pipe has front faces 1 and 2 by means of which the particular pipe is connected to two ends of and in the pipeline.
  • the pipeline itself may be longitudinally seam welded.
  • the seam of the connection or joint to the crackstopper will run peripherally, and it is assumed that the wall thickness of the pipe shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b is equal to the wall thickness of the pipes in the pipeline in which the crack stoppers are inserted.
  • the particular crack stopping pipe illustrated has three layers or lamina 3,4 and 5, in a concentric arrangement.
  • the innermost layer 5 has an internal diameter that is equal to the diameter of the pipeline in which the pipe is inserted.
  • the outer layer 3 has an outer diameter which again is equal to the outer diameter of the pipe in which this particular pipe is inserted.
  • the length of this particular pipe has about 80% of the outer diameter which may be between 300 and 1500 mm.
  • the inner layer 4 carries a variety of obliquely oriented elongated elements 8 which may be perforations or long, narrow texture changes. These elements e.g. perforations 8 are arranged peripherally in circles and in a staggered relationship, the staggering to occur in axial direction so that as seen along any axial surface line they do overlap. From a different point of view these elements 8 such as notches 9 are arranged on helical lines wherein notch-space-notch space follow in regular sequence looping around the particular tube which is the tube 4. These elements are at least ten but no more than about hundred times as long as they are wide.
  • the elements 8 (or the helical lines on which they are placed) are arranged at a particular angle 16 to the axis which is between 40 and 70 degress.
  • each of these perforations follow a helical line and in the direction of any such helical line having a pitch angle 16.
  • the perforations or notches may have a radial thickness amounting to 1/10 to 3/5 of the total wall thickness or depth of the short pipe that is the crack stopper insert for the pipeline and/or the pipeline itself.
  • these notches 8 may be perforations in the middle layer 4 and have been worked into that layer i.e. into the strip material out of which that layer has been made by means of a milling head.
  • this particular layer may have been made as a separate tube and the perforations may have been cut in thereafter but before the three tubes 3, 4 and 5 have been stuck into each other. After such telescopic insertion the three tube assembly has been mechanically expanded.
  • the resulting pipe or tube is inserted into the pipeline and welded by means of short solid welds along the front faces 1 and 2.
  • the particular crack stopper pipe illustrated may be connected first by welding with longer but still fairly short solid longitudinally seam welded pipes so that particular pipe units obtain being comprised of a pipe, a short crack stopper and another pipe having a total length between 10 and 18 meters.
  • the tube or pipe can be made of helically coiled strip with welding seams 20 as shown, not being radially aligned.
  • FIGS. 2 and 2b show an alternative example for practicing the invention. It is likewise a short pipe with front faces 9 and 10 for connection with solid short tubes.
  • the particular pipe illustrated is comprised of the two layers 11 and 12 with a thinner outer layer or tube 11 and a thicker inner tube or layer 12.
  • This inner tube 12 is on its outer surface provided wtih a plurality of notches i.e. indents 13 which can also be seen in FIG. 2a, along the cutoff borders 14 and 15 illustrating that here for purposes of illustration the outer layer has been removed.
  • the notches themselves are arranged just in the same manner as the notches in FIG. 1. After the notches have been produced the two tubes 11 and 12 are telescopically inserted and that the tube is inserted in the tube 11 and the assembly is expanded whereupon solid end pieces are welded to the front ends 9 and 10 to obtain again standard kind of length between 10 and 18 m.
  • the perforations 8 or notches 13 can be replaced by local texture changes which for example in case of a steel grade 52 in accordance with DIN 1626 and DIN 1628 are in case of thermo-mechanically rolled steel amount to the following: (all percentages by weight) from 0.1 to 0.16% C; from 0.35 to 0.55% Si; from 1.6 to 2.00% Mn; not more than 0.025% P; not more than 0.01% S; a total content of 0.02 to 0.06% Al; 0.07 to 0.14% carbon nitride formation material, the remainder being iron and the texture having been produced without additives by means of WIG, plasma, laser or electron beam welding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
US06/784,829 1984-10-10 1985-10-04 Crack stopping in pipelines Expired - Fee Related US4682632A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3437564A DE3437564C2 (el) 1984-10-10 1984-10-10

Publications (1)

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US4682632A true US4682632A (en) 1987-07-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/784,829 Expired - Fee Related US4682632A (en) 1984-10-10 1985-10-04 Crack stopping in pipelines

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4682632A (el)
EP (1) EP0178248A3 (el)
JP (1) JPS6192383A (el)
CA (1) CA1251407A (el)
DE (1) DE3437564C2 (el)
NO (1) NO161398C (el)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5896894A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-04-27 Eilentropp Kg Elongated tubular housing for monitoring systems
US6093902A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-07-25 Abb Alstom Power (Switzerland) Ltd Method of making a recess termination in a component
US20060151044A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-07-13 Gurov Alexandr E Pipe, method and device for improved pipelines and similar objects
US9851043B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2017-12-26 Stress Engineering Services, Inc. Crack arrestor
EP3911506A4 (en) * 2019-01-20 2022-11-09 Techreo LLC HELICALLY WINDED TUBULAR STRUCTURES
US11779981B2 (en) 2019-01-20 2023-10-10 Kevin McNeil Methods for making layered tubular structures

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH688355A5 (de) * 1994-06-16 1997-08-15 Empa Verfahren zur Verhinderung der raschen Rissausbreitung bei Kunststoffrohren und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Kunststoffrohre.
RU2526611C2 (ru) * 2012-01-11 2014-08-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром трансгаз Уфа" Способ отбраковки труб с гофрами (вмятинами) трубопровода
JP6672898B2 (ja) * 2016-03-04 2020-03-25 中国電力株式会社 ボイラ管の補強装置、ボイラ管の補強方法
RU2742992C9 (ru) * 2020-02-10 2021-03-10 Акционерное общество "Государственный ракетный центр имени академика В.П. Макеева" Способ ремонта расслоений в изделии, выполненном из композиционного материала

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1080897A (en) * 1913-01-20 1913-12-09 Harold John Davies Manufacture of double helical metallic tubing.
US3096105A (en) * 1960-09-09 1963-07-02 Dresser Ind Split arrestor having circumferentially extending grain structure for welded pipelines having longitudinally extending grain structure
US3443600A (en) * 1966-05-04 1969-05-13 Murex Ltd Means for reinforcing thin walled tubes
US3698746A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-10-17 Atlantic Richfield Co Crack arrester
US3746050A (en) * 1969-09-03 1973-07-17 Mannesmann Roehren Werke Ag Multi-layer pipe
US4001054A (en) * 1974-04-10 1977-01-04 Makepeace Charles E Process for making metal pipe
US4224966A (en) * 1975-10-20 1980-09-30 Northern Border Pipeline Company Crack arrestor
US4383556A (en) * 1981-02-10 1983-05-17 Evgenievich Paton B Crack arresting device for limiting propagation of cracks in welded structures fabricated from sheets
US4559974A (en) * 1982-10-01 1985-12-24 Fawley Norman Apparatus and method of arresting ductile fracture propagation

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE936981C (de) * 1952-11-07 1955-12-29 Georges Auguste Ferrand Vorrichtung zum zweistufigen Einweiten eines Stahlhohlkoerpers in ringfoermige Bandagen
GB1376731A (en) * 1972-03-03 1974-12-11 British Petroleum Co Pipe
DE2704021A1 (de) * 1977-02-01 1978-08-03 Babcock Brown Boveri Reaktor Anordnung zur risslaengenbegrenzung in rohrleitungen
DE3135966C2 (de) * 1981-09-11 1986-06-05 Hoesch Ag, 4600 Dortmund Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrschichtiger Schraubennahtrohre

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1080897A (en) * 1913-01-20 1913-12-09 Harold John Davies Manufacture of double helical metallic tubing.
US3096105A (en) * 1960-09-09 1963-07-02 Dresser Ind Split arrestor having circumferentially extending grain structure for welded pipelines having longitudinally extending grain structure
US3443600A (en) * 1966-05-04 1969-05-13 Murex Ltd Means for reinforcing thin walled tubes
US3746050A (en) * 1969-09-03 1973-07-17 Mannesmann Roehren Werke Ag Multi-layer pipe
US3698746A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-10-17 Atlantic Richfield Co Crack arrester
US4001054A (en) * 1974-04-10 1977-01-04 Makepeace Charles E Process for making metal pipe
US4224966A (en) * 1975-10-20 1980-09-30 Northern Border Pipeline Company Crack arrestor
US4383556A (en) * 1981-02-10 1983-05-17 Evgenievich Paton B Crack arresting device for limiting propagation of cracks in welded structures fabricated from sheets
US4559974A (en) * 1982-10-01 1985-12-24 Fawley Norman Apparatus and method of arresting ductile fracture propagation

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5896894A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-04-27 Eilentropp Kg Elongated tubular housing for monitoring systems
US6093902A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-07-25 Abb Alstom Power (Switzerland) Ltd Method of making a recess termination in a component
US20060151044A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-07-13 Gurov Alexandr E Pipe, method and device for improved pipelines and similar objects
US9851043B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2017-12-26 Stress Engineering Services, Inc. Crack arrestor
EP3911506A4 (en) * 2019-01-20 2022-11-09 Techreo LLC HELICALLY WINDED TUBULAR STRUCTURES
US11779981B2 (en) 2019-01-20 2023-10-10 Kevin McNeil Methods for making layered tubular structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO161398C (no) 1989-08-09
NO853570L (no) 1986-04-11
CA1251407A (en) 1989-03-21
EP0178248A2 (de) 1986-04-16
NO161398B (no) 1989-05-02
DE3437564C2 (el) 1987-02-19
JPS6192383A (ja) 1986-05-10
EP0178248A3 (de) 1987-09-16

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Owner name: MANNESMANN AG, MANNESMANNUFER 2, D-4000 DUESSELDOR

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Effective date: 19910728