Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for preparing aqueous dispersions of rosin-base materials, and more particularly to a process for preparing aqueous dispersed size of enhanced alum sensitivity and lowered tendency to foam.
• Cellulose fiber products such as paper and paperboards are produced from an aqueous slurry, or furnish, of cellulose fibers containing sizing agents admixed therewith.
• sizing agents generally comprise aqueous dispersions of rosin, especially fortified rosin, which is utilized to modify the surface of the paper to control water penetration.
• Such sizing is termed internal sizing and is an important step in the wet end operation of a paper machine.
• Rosin, or rosin acid itself has no affinity for cellulose fiber and must be anchored to the surface of the cellulose fiber with a cation such as an aluminum ion normally derived from alum.
• the rosin acid size and aluminum ions do not react in solution but are codeposited on the fiber surface. The size is held on the pulp fiber by electrostatic forces.
• This rosin acid size is not yet hydrophobic, but it becomes water-repellent after interaction with the alum in a subsequent heat curing step. The curing occurs when rosin size melts in the drier section of the paper machine and the molten rosin acid spreads over the fiber surface and reacts with neighboring alum adsorbed on it.
• the resulting aluminum-rosinate is to a large extent responsible for the degree of water repellency of the paper product.
• Okumichi et al provide a process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of a rosin-base material by the inversion method characterized by reduced foaming properties achieved by use of at least one of the dispersants disclosed and claimed therein. While dispersed rosin size prepared in accordance with Okumichi et al and particularly sizes produced with a dispersant selected from the salts of sulfuric acid half ester of formula II of U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,099, referred to by Okumichi et al as "sulfates,” provides dispersed rosin size of reduced foaming properties, the size still tends to produce excessive foam under conditions normally encountered in some papermaking machines.
• Kawatani et al in Japanese Kokai No. 79 58, 759, provide another approach to lowering the tendency of aqueous rosin dispersions to foam through the use of internal foam depressors.
• Kawatani et al teach the use of simple aliphatic acids, e.g., caproic, caprylic, lauric, or myristic, for this purpose. This method of foam lowering is unappealing because the amount of rosin available for sizing is reduced, contaminates with unknown effects are introduced, and the basic problem of inefficient surfactant usage is neglected.
• rosin itself has no affinity for cellulose fiber and is generally anchored to the surface of fiber by utilization of alum.
• complex polymolecular forms of aluminum ions have been found to be prevalent in a paper making furnish containing alum.
• This complex Al 8 (OH) 20 4+ is highly charged and its OH groups can easily interact with the COOH groups from rosin or cellulose. Adsorption of aluminum on fiber rapidly increases in the pH region where the aluminum complex species is formed.
• a cosurfactant and optional inorganic salt are disclosed for their efficacy in lowering foam in aqueous dispersed rosin size and enhancing the alum sensitivity of the size.
• alum sensitivity will be understood to define a measure of the physio-chemical propensity for alum to be well distributed on the furnish fibers to enable the subsequent production of a rosin size precipitate, i.e., aluminum rosinate, in situ, on the furnish fiber surface by interaction of dispersed rosin size particles and alum during a subsequent step of heat curing the paper web.
• the practice of the present invention enables the provision of dispersed rosin size showing less foaming tendency with relatively little loss of other desirable properties, particularly sizing efficiency, as well as mechanical or shear stability, and settling stability of the rosin size during handling and storage.
• the improved reduced foam characteristics and enhanced alum sensitivity of dispersed rosin size produced in accordance with this invention are also evident from a consideration of the nature of the foam itself, i.e., the foam bubbles tend to be larger and more easily broken, which effect may in the final analysis be more important than absolute foam level.
• the principal object of the present invention is the provision of a process for favorably influencing the precipitation of size with alum while lowering the tendency for dispersed rosin size to foam with as little loss of other desirable properties.
• the cosurfactant is added in an amount sufficient to lower the foaming tendency of the aqueous dispersion and increase the sensitivity of the size to alum to provide an attendant increase in sizing efficiency.
• the surfactant level is in the preferred range of from about 3.0% to about 3.5% by weight of the rosin-base material
• the cosurfactant is added in an amount from about 1.0% to about 3.0% by weight of the rosin-base material.
• the optional inorganic salt can be added in an amount up to about 0.1% by weight of the rosin-base material.
• the inorganic salt level is preferably from about 0.04% to about 0.055% by weight of the rosin-base material.
• a further object of this invention is the provision of a process wherein the deposit of rosin on papermaking machinery can be reduced by enhancing the deposition of the dispersed rosin in or on the paper web.
• Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a process wherein the stability to settling, or mechanical stability, of dispersed rosin size is not significantly impaired as a result of the incorporation of foam reducing additives.
• Dispersed size for tests for quantification of alum sensitivity was produced on a laboratory scale by the following procedure, it being understood that the rosin fortification procedure is not set forth and in this latter regard, the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 4,071,375 may be referred to for a known procedure for fortification of rosin such as with fumaric acid.
• 600 g fortified rosin is charged into a 2 liter resin kettle and the rosin is heated to a temperature of about 165° C. and then cooled to a temperature of about 135° C.
• surfactant-salt in those instances where an inorganic salt such as aluminum nitrate, is used in conjunction with the surfactant.
• surfactant-salt it is prepared by diluting an amount of surfactant corresponding to the desired percentage level relative to the rosin, by weight, which surfactant is then diluted to in the order of about 18% solids.
• the salt, when utilized, is added to the dilute surfactant and the surfactant added slowly to the rosin in the kettle such as at a rate in the order of 6 ml per minute.
• the temperature in the kettle normally will drop below 100° C. during this addition and a temperature in the order of about 97°-99° C.
• the mixture is stirred for thirty minutes while maintaining the temperature in the order of about 97°-99° C., after which water addition is commenced.
• water addition 65°-95° C. water is added at the rate of 6 ml per minute to adjust the solids to 75%.
• Stirring of the mixture is then continued for thirty minutes while maintaining the temperature in the order of about 97°-99° C.
• a second addition of water is then commenced at a slightly faster rate in the order of about 10 ml per minute to adjust the solids content to about 47% while maintaining the temperature in the order of about 97°-99° C.
• inversion occurs approximately two thirds of the way through this second addition and a temperature decrease of about 1° C. will be observed at the point of inversion.
• the mantle is dropped and all heat to the kettle is cut off.
• the dispersion in the kettle is allowed to cool to below 60° C. before the addition of a third aliquot of water which water at a temperature in a range of 20° to 35° C. is added at a rate in the order of about 22 ml per minute to adjust the dispersion to 35% solids.
• inorganic salts When inorganic salts are employed, they are reagent grade material and are commercially available hydrates. Distilled water was employed unless otherwise specified. Rosin adducts were either produced in the laboratory or pilot plant generally as set forth in the above discussed procedure, or were plant produced commercially available materials where set forth. Particle diameters and sigmas reported were determined using a Nicomp Laser Light scattering instrument.
• the principal surfactants employed are those in accordance with the dispersants disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,099 as being selected from the group consisting of (b): ##STR1## wherein R 2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, A is straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, p is an integer of 4 to 25, and Q is a monovalent cation. More specifically, the surfactant in accordance with U.S. Pat. No.
• 4,267,099 utilized comprises formula II of the patent wherein R 2 is hydrogen and A is a branched-chain alkylene having 3 carbon atoms, p is 13 and Q is a monovalent cation, for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and like alkali metal ions, ammonium ions derived from ammonia and amines, etc. It will be appreciated that all surfactants within the scope of formula II of U.S. Pat. No. 4,267,099 are suitable for carrying forth the present invention.
• the required amount of the optional appropriate salt, based on weight of rosin, is dissolved in a minimum amount of water and added to undiluted surfactant.
• the surfactant is further diluted to 18% solids.
• 0.044% aluminum nitrate is used with 600 gms rosin
• 0.264 gms aluminum nitrate monohydrate is dissolved in 25 ml water.
• the water is considered part of the surfactant dilution water and added directly to the undiluted surfactant.
• Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate DSS is disclosed herein as comprising a cosurfactant capable of increasing alum sensitivity in addition to assisting in reducing foaming.
• a cosurfactant capable of increasing alum sensitivity in addition to assisting in reducing foaming.
• Examples 1 through 5 provide comparisons of dispersed rosin size both with no cosurfactant and at various cosurfactant levels.
• Dispersed rosin size with DSS has the following properties: sizing efficiency seems to be increased in handsheets; alum sensitivity is increased without affecting hard water stability, foaming tendencies are reduced somewhat, although air entrainment is not dramatically improved, and mechanical stability and particle size are retained.
• the use of DSS as a cosurfactant thus results in an improvement over size without this cosurfactant. Lowering the amount of primary surfactant seems not to improve foaming particularly when DSS is used; and therefore, DSS can be used as a cofactor in place of an inorganic salt such as aluminum nitrate for certain applications.

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• Paper (AREA)
• Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (5)

Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1983
  • 1983-09-19 US US06/533,432 patent/US4505754A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1984
  • 1984-08-21 NO NO843329A patent/NO843329L/no unknown
  • 1984-08-21 SE SE8404160A patent/SE8404160L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-08-22 GB GB08421301A patent/GB2146671B/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-08-24 DK DK407484A patent/DK407484A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-08-31 IT IT22487/84A patent/IT1175860B/it active
  • 1984-09-18 DE DE19843434220 patent/DE3434220A1/de active Granted
  • 1984-09-18 CH CH4475/84A patent/CH661050A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-09-19 FR FR8414376A patent/FR2552131B1/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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