US449751A

US449751A - Method of binding books

Info

Publication number: US449751A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1891-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 1908-04-07

Description

(No Model.)

H.L. ARNOLD. METHOD OF BINDING BOOKS.

No. 449,751. PatentedApr. 7,1891.

' llih %\\|l lllii?-ml l I 0 ITwe/nibr UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HORACE L. ARNOLD, OF BROOKLYN, NET/V YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF ONE-HALF TRENTON, NElV JERSEY.

TO FERDINAND \V. ROEBLING, OF

METHOD OF BINDING BOOKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent NO. 449,751, dated April 7, 1891- Application filed May 11, 1887. $eria1No. 1 (N0 11105613 To all whom zit may concern.-

Be it known that I, HORACE L. ARNOLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Books and Methods of Book Binding, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of binding books and pamphlets, and particularly to amethod by which the several leaves composing a book or pamphlet are secured to each other preparatory to its receiving its cover.

The fastening together of the leaves forming a book or pamphlet has heretofore been accomplished in a variety of ways. In the case of the more expensive books the folios composing the signatures have been secured to each other and to the binding by various processes of sewing. In some cases the folios composing the signatures have been secured to each other and to a backing by wire staples, the backing being then secured to the cover. These methods are, however, comparatively expensive and are not available where cheap binding is required. Comparatively thin books and pamphlets have also had their leaves secured together by means of wire staples or by stitches which passed through the entire thickness of the book near its back; but this method is not available for thick books, and is to some extent objectionable, even in thin books, because it prevents the book from being opened out fiat. Comparatively thick books and pamphlets have also had their leaves secured together preparatory to receiving the cover by removing the folded edges of the signatures at the back of the book so as to form a pack of single leaves, and then forming in the back edges of the pack of leaves a series of transverse cuts or channels, into which were introduced cords, which extended across the back of the volume. \Vhen the back of the volume was in this condition, a coating of properly-prepared glue was applied to it, which, becoming set, secured the edges of the leaves to each other and also secured the cords in the cuts, and thus made a strong binding. This method, however, involved considerable labor and consequent-expense, because of the time consumed in removing the folded edges of the signatures and in placing the cords in the cuts at the back of the volume by hand, which were comparatively slow operations.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a method which will secure substantially the same result as that last described, but which can be carried out to a greater extent by machinery, and will therefore be much more economical and better adapted to be employed in the production of cheap bindings.

As a full understanding of the method and book constituting the present invention can only be given by an illustration and a detailed description of the manner in which the method may be put into practice, all further preliminary description will be omitted and a detailed description given, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is an end elevation of anumber of signatures forming a volume assembled and ready to be operated upon for binding. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the signatures atter the first step in the method has been per formed. Fig. 3 is a side view, and Fig. 4 a plan view, of the signatures after the second step has been performed. Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to Fig. 4, but upon an enlarged scale, illustrating the subsequent operations and Fig. 7 is a side view of Fig. 6.

Referring to said figures, it is to be understood that A represents a number of signatures assembled to form a volume and clamped together in proper position between the jaws B of an ordinary clamp, the folded edges 1) of the signatures at the back of the volume projecting slightly above the jaws of the clamp, as shown in Fig. l. \Vhen the signatures forming the volume have been thus clamped, their folded edges 1) are .removed in any suitable manner. This may be done by cutting the edges 1) away, but they will preferably be removed by tearing, so as to leave the edges at the back of the volume in a so mewhat rough and ragged condition, as indicated in Fig. 2. The back edges of the assembled leaves (6 are then provided with a number of transverse cuts 0, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7. These cuts will preferably be inclined, as shown, and may be made by any suitable form of tool, either by hand or by machinery. One way in which they can readily be made is by a gang of chisels suitably arranged to descend upon the back of the volume. Although it is preferable that the cuts 0 should be inclined, as shown, it is not absolutely necessary that they should be so. They may be made straight or they may be made by removing small portions of material--as, for example, by sawing. \Vhen the volume is in this condition, there is applied to the back, which contains the cuts c,a coatingd of prep erly tempered glue or cement, which contains in a thoroughly distributed condition a quantity of fiber f, as shown in Fig. 5, which maybe of any suitable kind, either hair or hemp or pieces of stringer any other suitable material. As the glue (Z is applied to the back of the volume or after it has been applied it is brushed in the direction of the length of the volume, and if the cuts 0 are inclined, as in the case shown, the brushing willbe against the cuts, as from right to left. The brush used for this purpose may be of an ysuitable form, preferably a fine wire brush, or a brush made of stiff bristles, and in practice the brush will preferably be arranged to run in a vat containing a mixture of glue and fiber, so that the glue will be applied and the brushing effected simultaneously as the volume is passed over the brush. 'lhe eitect of this brushing will be to carry the fibers along the back of' the volume and into the cuts 0, as indicated in Figs. (3 and 7, where they will lodge, and by the brushing action be caused to take a position crosswise of the volume, and thus form in eltect cords or binders, which, when the glue is set, will hold the leaves together very firmly. hen the glue has been applied and brushed in this manner, all that remains to be done to cornplete the volume is to apply the cover, which will be done in the usual manner. If the voltime is to be provided with a paper cover, the cover will be applied directly to the glue (Z before the latter has become set. This method although applicable to allclasses of books is especially adapted to the production of those classes of booksand pamphlets which are provided with paper covers. The method may be practiced by hand, but is capable of being readily carried out by machinery, and when it is to be practiced 011 a large scale it it will be carried out in this manner. By this method a sufiiciently strong and durable binding is provided to meet the requirements of a very large class of t:ratle,v'liile the labor and attendant expense involved in placing the cords in the cuts by hand is entirely avoided, thus materially reducing the cost of the binding and forming an improvement of very great importance when the vast numbers in which books are produced at the present time is taken into account.

In some cases and particularly when the folded edges of the signatures are removed in such a way as to leave the edges of theleaves quite rough and uneven, it may not be nec- ,essary to provide the cuts 0, as the fibers will lodge against the rough edges of the leaves, and thus form binders to aid the glue in bolding the leaves together.

\Vhile I have described the loose fibers as mixed with the glue and the mixture thus produced applied to the book, and this is the preferred method of applying the glue and loose iibers, it will be understood that my invention is not to be limited to any special method of applying the glue and fibers, but covers, broadly, the method of securing together the leaves of books or pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves a coating of glue or cement and loose fibrous material or fibers, and the book produced by such method, whatever be the method of applying the glue and fibers.

lVhat- I claim is- 1. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves a coating of glue or cement and loose fibrous material or fibers, substantially as described.

2. The hereiirdescribed method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves a coating of glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers, substantially as described.

3. The herein-deseribed method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves a coatingof glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers in such a manner that the fibers extend transversely of the leaves, substantially as described.

The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves a coating of glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers and brushing said glue or cement longitudinally of the volume, substantially as described.

5. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in applying to the edges of the leaves by brushing them lengthwise ot' the volume a coating of glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers, substantially as described.

G. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in providing the edges of the leaves with transverse cuts or channels, applying thereto a glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers, and brushing IIO said glue or cement lengthwise of the volume to cause the fibers to lodge in the cuts, substantially as described.

7. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in providing the edges of the leaves with inclined transverse cuts or channels, applying thereto a glue 01' cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers, and brushing said glue or cement lengthwise of the volume and against the cuts to cause the fibers to lodge in the cuts, substantially as described.

8. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of boaks and pamphlets, which consists in providing the edges of the leaves with transverse cuts or channels and filling said cuts or channels with glue or cement and loose fibrous material or fibers, substantially as described.

9. The herein-described method of securing together the leaves of books and pamphlets, which consists in providing the edges of the leaves with transverse cuts or channels and filling said cuts or channels with a glue or cement containing loose fibrous material or fibers in such a manner that the fibers extend longitudinally of the cuts, substantially as described.

10. A book or pamphlet the leaves of which are secured together by glue or cement, and loose fibrous material orfibers applied to their edges, substantially as described.

11. A book or pamphlet the leaves of which are secured together by glue or cement, and

loose fibrous material or fibers applied to their edges in such a manner that the fibers extend transversely of the leaves, substantially as described.

12. A book or pamphlet the leaves of which are provided on their edges with transverse cuts or channels and secured together by glue or cement, and loose fibrous material or fibers filling said cuts, substantially as described.

13. A book or pamphlet the leaves of which are provided on their edges with transverse cuts or channels and secured togetherby glue or cement, and loose fibrous material or fibers filling said cuts, the loose fibers extending longitudinally of the cuts, substantially as described.

14. Abook or pamphlet the leaves of which are provided ontheir edges with inclined transverse cuts or channels and secured together by glue or cement, and loose fibrous material or fibers filling said cuts, the loose fibers extending longitudinally of the cuts, substantially as described.

15. A book or pamphlet having its leaves secured together, and a cover secured thereon by glue or cement, and loose fibrous material or fibers applied to the edges of the leaves, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HORACE L. ARNOLD. Witnesses:

GEORGE H. BoTTs, '1. H. PALMER.