US1014341A - Artificially-strengthened paper. - Google Patents

Description

. A. SMITH.

' ARTIFIOIALLY STRENGTHENED PAPER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 23, 1909.

1,014,341; Patented Jan.9,1912.

Ej 5 L F,

lV/TNESSES: INVENTOR:

A TTORNIE V.

TAES PATENT onnion.

AURELIUS SMITH, 0F INDIANAPOLIS, -INDIANA..

ARTIFICIALLY-STRENGTHENED PAPER...

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

Application filed December 23, 1909. Serial No. 534,718.

fabrics, vellum, or the like, adapted to be used in sheet or leaf form and bound together, temporarily or permanently; the invention having reference more particularly to paper sheets or leaves, either printed with rulings and headings to constitute business forms, or blank sheets, or reading matter,

" adapted to be connected together by means of mechanical temporarybinders 0r filing devices, the sheets being either perforated to receive binding devices,'or imperforate, as may be required to conform to the requirements of the binding or filing devices used or preferred.

In the use of paper sheets, especially such as comprise printed forms for mercantile purposes in ofiices, factories and elsewhere, it being customary and desirable to bind the sheets together so as'to be practically in book form, it has been found that much trouble and expense has been occasioned on account of the sheets or leaves tearing at the binding or where they are connected to binding or filing devices, especially when the sheets are perforated near their edges to receive the filing devices, and in some cases the sheets have been reinforced near their edges by means of pieces of cloth or paper glued or pasted to the sheets, which expedient, however, while being fairly successful in preventing fracture of the sheets, necessarily adds so much to' the thickness of the sheets that the practice proves greatly objectionable because ofthe fact that there.

must be a much less number of sheets than ordinarily placedv in a binder.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved paper or like substance in sheet form that shall be stronger or have greater tensile strength in some portions than in others without entailing the objectionable multiplication of thickness due to additions of welts of paper or the like to the sheets; a specific object being to provide paper or the like with strengthened portions in which are perforations to receive binding devices, in order that not only the better quality of paper may be improved for binding purposes, but that inferior paper, which otherwise is suitable for order blanks and other printed forms, may be cheaply adapted to be bound together durably and economically.

With the above mentioned and minor objects in view the invention consists in improved paper or like substance in sheet form having portions thereof strengthened artificially near an edge thereof, the strengthened portions being flexible and either perforate or imperforate, and the invention consists further in the parts and combinations and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter particularly described, and then defined in the accompanying claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of one of the improved sheets of paper partially broken away; Fig. 2, a frag mentary plan View showing the strengthened portions of the sheet sllghtly modified 4 as to shape; Fig. 3, a fragmentary plan showing another modification as to shape of the strengthenedportion; Fig. 4, a plan view showing another'modification asto arrangement of the strengthened portion; Fig. 5, a fragmentary section greatly magnified on the line A A in Fig. 1; Fig. 6, a fragmentary section highly magnified on the line B B in Fig. 4.; Fig. 7,a agmentary view of a sheet highly magnified as viewed at the binding edge; and Fig.8, a sectional view on the line C C in Fig. 5.

Similar reference characters in the difierent figures of the drawings indicate correspending elements or features .of construction herein referred to. r

In practically carrying out the objects of the invention sheets of various kinds'of material or substance may be used that may be found desirable, sheet paper being more commonly employed in various business enterprises, in the conduct of which a large variety of blank forms are commonly used,

and, therefore, the invention is conveniently described as relating to paper sheets a and a, the former being adapted to be bound at one side edge, the top b having suitable headings a thereon, d indicating the binding edge portion; the other sheet a being designed to be bound at the head or top 6' on .which is a suitable heading 0.

The sheet a is stren thened throughout its length from top to ottom and from the edge 03 to a suitable distance to insure being engaged by clamping binding apparatus, the strengthening element comprismg flexible and tough adhesive substances and 'e' on the front and back respectively of the sheet extending from the edge d to f, the substance preferably having fibrous material g embedded therein and is covered on the exterior by a non-adhesive substanceh, h all compressed on the sheet, and the joints 6, 2" between the. strengthening material and the sheet being uneven as the result of the strengthened material entering the surfaces of the pa er when moist and subject to pressure. T e strengthened portlon'has one or more apertures as j, j, there- Y in near the edge 03 and slots k, is, extending from the apertures to the edge (Z, thus permitting the sheets to be slipped onto or off of rods or binding rings laterallywithout necessitating the removal of other ,sheets.

Fig. 4 showsa, portion of a sheet adapted to be bound at the side edge (1, which edge portion has a perforation Z therein extending through a relatively small strengthened m. that extends from the binding portion m, edge beyond the perforation to n and upward and downward beyond the perforation to 0 and 0- respectively, and it should be understood that the sheet may have any suitable number of suchstrengthened portions extending around the perforations.

In Fig. 2 the head or top portion of the sheet a" has two strengthened portions p and p'similar to the strengthened portion m, but extending downward from the bind- I ing end 6, the strengthenedportions hav- ,ing perforations g and g respectively therein to receive the binding devices.

'In Fig. 3, is shown a circular strengthened portion 1' near the binding edge and a perforation s in the strengthened portion.

It will be understood. that the strengthened portions may be of various shapes in plan. as may be desired, but in practice the strengthened portions are not and should not be materially thicker than the remain ing-portions of the sheet, and it will be understood that in some cases the strengthening material may be used on onl one side of the sheet; also that the binding edge in some cases may not require slittinginto the binding apertures and that sired the slitted binding edge ortion may be strengthened only around an adjacent to theapertures and'slits instead of extending throughout the length of the sheet. thermore when desired to reduce the cost of production to the minimum the fibrous material 9 may be omitted with consequent'loss of strength.

when de- Fur- The strengthening material may be composed of various substances and for the present it is found that the composition bepreferably mixed therewithv before mixing these with the glue. In some cases it is found desirable to vinegar to the glue, and if desired a small quantity of oil of sassafras may be stirred into the composition. If desired a small quantity of "carbolic acid may be added for preserving the quality of the material.

The composition should be of proper con sistency' to be tough yet'sufiicient-ly' thin that it may enter the fiber of the paper, and 1t may be applied by rubbing 1t ontothe sur face of the paper by means of asuitable brush or otherwise, after-which the coatings h, h, are applied, so as to render the strengthening material non-adhesive'on 1ts surface, and the coatings may be composed of whiting, aluminum, or bronze. -When 1t is desired to further strengthen the portions of the paper the fibrous material 9 1s sifted or otherwlse placed on the adhesive material moistens the portions of the paper on which it is placed, and after the application of the non-adhesive substance the sheets are passed between rollers under tened down nearly to the plane of the sur face of the sheet, and the fibrous substance add a small quantity of (to be pressed into it) before applying the coatings thereon. The adhesive composition.

pressure, so that the strengthening material 1s smoothed and flatembedded in the other strengthening material and the sheet under the strengthened material slightly reduced in thickness, as illustrated in Figs. '5 and 6, in an exaggerated degree. In some cases the strengthened portions are also brushed in order to polish them when coated with bronze or the like.

It will be evident fromthe foregoing that the strengthened sheets or leaves when connected to binding devices may be turned or moved on the rods or rings of the devices, more freely and rapidly than is possible with the ordinary frail sheets, owing to the fact thatthe perforations ma be made nearer than -ordinarily to the e ges of the sheets, which is permissible by reasonof the greater strength attained in the present improvement at the portions that are subject to the greater strains.

In practical'use the sheets may be bound together by any suitable appliances or connected together by various filing devices, and.

it will be clear that the sheets ma be handled and removed and replaced as s customparts of the mass forming the paper; but it ary with more or less frequency without the liability of the paper to tear away at the binding portions, and the sheets, therefore will remain ingood condition and arrangement for future reference thereto.

I am aware that prior to my invention it has been proposed to strengthen portions of sheets of paper by applying reinforcing material, such as fabric, to the pulp of the paper while in the process of manufacture, so that the pulp interpenetrates the interstices of the fabric and covers both sides of the fabric; or by sprinkling threads or fibers on the pulp while the paper is in process of manufacture so as to be incorporated as is evident that since pulp can not be formed into separate sheets of paper except at great expense, and that the paper is made in Web form most successfully, it is not practicable to reinforce certain portions only of the webat measured distances apart and afterward cut the web into sheets with th e reinforcement at the edges of the sheets.

I am aware alm that it has been a common practice to glue or paste relatively stiff reinforcing strips or pieces upon the surface of paper, and perforate the paper and the reinforcement, with the result that-the reinforcement ends abruptly and the paper is liable to fracture at the edge of the reinforcement. I therefore do not broadly claim such reinforced paper; but

that I do claim, is,

In reinforced paper, the combination of a sheet formed of pulp, flexible inherently adhesive substance laid on and adhering to a portion of said sheet, fibrous material embedded in said adhesive substance adjacent said portion of said sheet, and non-adhesive substance laid on the surface of said adhe-j sive substance and thereby retained and covering the fibrous material.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

AURELIUS SMITH.

Witnesses:

DAVID C. MORRIS, WILLIAM H. Por'rs.

Images