US4475343A - Method for the generation of heat using a heat pump, particularly for _processes run only at high temperatures - Google Patents

Method for the generation of heat using a heat pump, particularly for _processes run only at high temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US4475343A
US4475343A US06/263,464 US26346481A US4475343A US 4475343 A US4475343 A US 4475343A US 26346481 A US26346481 A US 26346481A US 4475343 A US4475343 A US 4475343A
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Prior art keywords
heat
temperature
compressor
work
carrier fluid
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/263,464
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English (en)
Inventor
Gunther Dibelius
Reinhold Pitt
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Bergwerksverband GmbH
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Bergwerksverband GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0979—Water as supercritical steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C10J2300/1675—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity making use of a steam turbine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method in which the transport of heat occurs from a heat source with limited maximum temperature to a heat consumer (heat-admitting process) operating at even higher temperature by means of a mostly gaseous heat carrier (heat carrier fluid), preferably led in circulation.
  • gas turbine is generally used not only for a turbine in which a gaseous work fluid expands and delivers work, but also for a motor which consists of compressor, heater or combustion-chamber and turbine. Throughout this specification, the first definition will be used.
  • the process occurring in the second type of "gas turbine” is characterized in that the work fluid will be heated to a high temperature between the compressor and turbine by introduction of heat from externally (closed process) or through burning of fuel in a combustion-chamber ("internal combustion engine"). Since the temperature--and thereby the volume--of the work fluid is greater with the expansion than with the compression, the work furnished by the turbine is greater than the work received by the compressor: altogether the power machine "gas turbine” delivers work externally. This effective work is greater the higher the turbine--and the lower the compressor--entry temperature. In the case of the closed processes the work fluid must be re-cooled after the expansion before entry again into the compressor.
  • the power machine process is thus composed of the steps: compression (in the compressor), introduction of heat (in the heater or furnace), expansion (in the turbine), leading away of heat (in the cooler or into the atmosphere).
  • the heat admission occurs at environmental temperature and by no means goes below this temperature.
  • the useful heat delivered by the pump is accordingly at higher temperature (heating temperature). Lower and upper temperature levels are thus higher than with the cold gas-cold process.
  • heat pump processes in customary manner are managed with circulating fluid which vaporizes during heat admission and condenses during heat emission, thus effecting phase changes twice during each cycle. This is not the case with the other described processes.
  • the high temperature heat pump process is so named since with the addition of work the temperature of the circulating fluid is raised in the compressor the same as in a heat pump process. However, the high temperature heat pump process operates in a much higher temperature range. Also, the temperature is still sufficiently high after the discharge of heat to the heat-admitting process for recovery of a portion of the work employed in the compression by means of the expansion. In addition, after the expansion the temperature is still sufficiently high to transmit heat into a thermal power process. The circulating fluid remains in the gaseous phase. The primary purpose of the high temperature heat pump is to bring this gas to a higher temperature without the introduction of heat from external sources.
  • the temperature on the one hand which can be delivered with the heat from a heat source is upwardly limited (e.g. with chemical or nuclear reaction or through the hot strength of the material for the heat exchanger); on the other hand, it is often the case for a heat consumer that the temperature with which the heat will be introduced is of greatest significance (e.g. with coal gasification processes or with endothermic chemical reactions).
  • Such an upward temperature limitation has for the heat consumer the disadvantage that the rate of reaction of the heat-admitting reaction will be inhibited. Then, either the reactor for this reaction must be built larger, or a decrease in performance must be accepted. One therefore strives to raise the temperature of the heat-admitting reaction, which, however--as will subsequently be demonstrated--is not very easy.
  • heat carrier can be used once, or, introduced in circulation, repeatedly.
  • the loss of pressure occurring with the transport of heat is balanced through the use of blowers.
  • a further problem existing with such high temperature processes in which e.g. a chemical product is produced, such as gas from coal, is that the heat carrier, after delivery of heat in the high temperature process, still has relatively high temperature, which, on efficiency grounds, must be downwardly cooled. This may be done e.g. during generation of electrical energy. In such cases the yield of chemical products of the heat-admitting reaction and the yield of electrical energy from the entire process are thus coupled with each other. This coupling has disadvantages for the operation of the entire installation when chemical products and electrical energy are not consumed simultaneously in accordance with their production.
  • the invention is therefore based upon the problem of eliminating the described disadvantages from a method of the above-described type; in particular the present invention aims at the expedient use of energy remaining in the heat carrier fluid, after the delivery of heat in high temperature processes, within the same process, in order to diminish the portion of coupled products in the entire production or to eliminate them completely; and finally, the delivery of heat should be made possible at a higher temperature compared to the one upwardly limited of the heat source--for the execution of--high temperature processes without further transfer of heat from particular energy sources.
  • the heat carrier heat carrier fluid
  • heated to a temperature from the heat source which is upwardly limited by the temperature of heat delivery will be compressed in a compressor added subsequent to the heat source, which increases the temperature further.
  • the heat is delivered to a heat-admitting process and the cooled-down heat carrier then expanded in a gas turbine, whereupon after extraction of work from the residual heat contained in the heat carrier in a thermal power process, the carrier is introduced again to the heat source.
  • the invention is thus concerned with a completely new concept, characterized e.g.
  • high temperature heat pump in which the useful temperature collectively found in the process will be obtained only from the heat carrier fluid--before the delivery of heat.
  • the efficiency is particularly high, since heat will be made available with a desired peak temperature from a comparatively inferior energy source--with regard to the relatively low temperature--with small transformation loss, and will be transferred to a high temperature process having a very good efficiency.
  • the heat source upwardly limited by the temperature of heat delivery, is composed of an exothermic chemical or nuclear reaction and furthermore, the heat-admitting process is a coal gasification process.
  • the heat-carrier should have a temperature before the heat delivery of between about 800° and 1000° C.
  • the expansion of the heat carrier fluid after the delivery of heat can thus thereby follow completely or in part, in which case the residual heat may be delivered to a thermal power process.
  • the relaxation ensues chiefly in a gas turbine which occurs after the delivery of heat.
  • This has the advantage of an improved efficiency and makes possible a free choice of the speed of rotation of the shaft.
  • the thermal power process is a super-critical vapor power process, i.e. the residual heat of the heat carrier will be introduced to the work fluid used in this process at pressures that are greater than the critical pressure of the work fluid.
  • the heat-temperature profile of the heat-delivering heat carrier and the heat-admitting work fluid can be better adjusted to each other than with sub-critical pressure in the work fluid, whereby the loss of work capacity (exergy) with the heat transfer is decreased.
  • This can be done with vapor, e.g. with any apt steam.
  • together with multiple-loop execution of the heat carrier circulator expansion in the vapor power process follows in a collecting pipe from within a combined middle- and/or low-pressure part, which drives a generator.
  • the high-pressure part of the thermal power process, or--with execution of the method according to the present invention in a plant managed with several parallel heat-carrier circuits--at least some of the high-pressure parts will be provided with separate vapor to start up from a standstill.
  • Partial-load operation may be adjusted by conducting a partial stream of the heat carrier through loop passages in the expansion turbine and/or past other parts of the installation. Partial-load operation can also be adjusted by lowering the base pressure in the heat carrier circulation and thereby reducing the circulating mass stream ("pressure level control").
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a closed heat carrier circuit with heat source, high temperature compressor, heat consumer, expansion turbine and thermal power process.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a closed heat carrier circuit with a high temperature nuclear reactor as heat source and a steam-coal-gasification process as heat consumer within the scope of a general view of the present invention.
  • heat will be transferred from the heat source to a gaseous heat carrier in heat exchanger 21.
  • the temperature and the pressure of the heat carrier will be increased by introduction of work.
  • heat exchanger 23 the heat will be conveyed from the heat carrier to the heat consuming process.
  • expansion turbine 24 the pressure of the heat carrier, previously increased in high temperature compressor 22, will be lowered almost to its original value along with the delivery of work.
  • the available heat still in the gaseous heat carrier after exit from expansion turbine 24 will be used in a second heat-consuming process 25, preferably a thermal power process.
  • the temperature of the heat carrier is thereby lowered to the original value.
  • the heat carrier will be introduced anew to heat exchanger 21, whereby the heat carrier circulation is completed.
  • work is expended for propulsion of the high temperature compressor--expansion turbine set. This can be furnished by the thermal power process 25. Through appropriate laying out of the entire process one can obtain a situation in which on the whole no more work is discharged or introduced.
  • Example 2 A particularly favored embodiment is represented in Example 2 and described as follows:
  • a helium-cooled high temperature reactor 2 will transfer heat in heat exchanger 3 to helium, which is the heat carrier in secondary circuit 4.
  • the heat carrier fluid heated in such manner to a limited temperature, will then be compressed in compressor 5, and its temperature raised further.
  • coal will be gasified upon addition of steam for gasification and fluidization. The gasification occurs in a fluidized bed; the heat required for the reaction of the coal with the steam will be withdrawn from the heat carrier helium, which flows through an immersion-heater-like bundle of pipes plunged into the fluidized bed and is thereby cooled down.
  • the gasification and fluidization steam will be superheated in steam superheater 7, before it enters gasification apparatus 6.
  • the heat necessary for the superheating will be transferred from the heat carrier helium to the steam.
  • the helium will then be expanded in expansion turbine 8 to a pressure which, because of the pressure loss in subsequent steam generator 9, in mentioned heat exchanger 3 and in the connected conduits, is greater than the pressure upon entry to compressor 5.
  • the remaining steam portion is further expanded in medium pressure- and low pressure-turbine 11 to the condenser pressure, thereby providing work for propulsion of generator 12.
  • the condensation- and the feed-water-systems are not represented in FIG. 2, since known method steps are used for these purposes. Also not displayed is the necessary feed of additional water for adjustment of the steam-mass balance.
  • the number of apparatus parts 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 corresponds to the number of lines.
  • the association of one or several gasification apparatuses 6 to the lines follows according to a technical weighing and efficiency point of view.
  • the apparatus parts 11 and 12 can also in these cases be laid out as individual apparatus and machines.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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US06/263,464 1980-05-14 1981-05-13 Method for the generation of heat using a heat pump, particularly for _processes run only at high temperatures Expired - Fee Related US4475343A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3018450 1980-05-14
DE3018450A DE3018450C2 (de) 1980-05-14 1980-05-14 Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Prozeßwärme für Hochtemperaturprozesse unter Verwendung einer Wärmepumpe

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US (1) US4475343A (pt)
EP (1) EP0039907B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS5716764A (pt)
AT (1) ATE15261T1 (pt)
BR (1) BR8102982A (pt)
CA (1) CA1176065A (pt)
DE (2) DE3018450C2 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA812826B (pt)

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US5027602A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-07-02 Atomic Energy Of Canada, Ltd. Heat engine, refrigeration and heat pump cycles approximating the Carnot cycle and apparatus therefor
US5212179A (en) * 1980-03-01 1993-05-18 John Wyeth And Brother Limited Piperidine derivatives
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US20080041057A1 (en) * 2006-08-15 2008-02-21 Mark Odell Thomas High Efficiency Flexfuel Internal Combustion Engine
US7444818B1 (en) * 2005-11-23 2008-11-04 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Batch fired heat reservoirs
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WO2010096540A2 (en) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Thermal Power Technology Llc Thermodynamic power generation system
US20100212316A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Robert Waterstripe Thermodynamic power generation system
US20100314074A1 (en) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Thermonetics Ltd. System for Efficient Fluid Depressurisation
US20110036091A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2011-02-17 Waterstripe Robert F Thermodynamic power generation system
US20110252796A1 (en) * 2008-10-20 2011-10-20 Burkhart Technologies, Llc Ultra-high-efficiency engines and corresponding thermodynamic system
US20110308250A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2011-12-22 Mahl Iii George Method and Apparatus for Combining a Heat Pump Cycle With A Power Cycle
US8136358B1 (en) 2009-05-22 2012-03-20 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Heat reservoir for a power plant
US20130160478A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Use of e-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and optionally 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane in high temperature heat pumps
US20130291542A1 (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-11-07 Shizhu WANG Electric energy delivery device and connected method
US10132201B2 (en) 2013-10-25 2018-11-20 Burkhart Technologies, Llc Ultra-high-efficiency closed-cycle thermodynamic engine system
US10815835B2 (en) * 2015-02-11 2020-10-27 Futurebay Limited Apparatus and method for energy storage
US20220260036A1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-08-18 The Boeing Company Methods and systems for generating power and thermal management having combined cycle architecture

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DE3112708C2 (de) * 1981-03-31 1985-06-13 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur Erzeugung von H↓2↓- und CO-haltigen Gasen aus feinkörnigem Brennstoff in der Wirbelschicht mit in diese eingetauchten Wärmetauschern
DE4203438A1 (de) * 1992-02-06 1993-08-12 Josef Haslbeck Energiesparende kraft-waermekopplung
DE102006011319A1 (de) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-13 Karl Heinz Gast Betreiben von Systemen mit Aggregatzustand wechselnden Wärmeträgern
CN111189260B (zh) * 2018-08-20 2022-11-01 李华玉 联合循环热泵装置

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BR8102982A (pt) 1982-02-02
DE3018450A1 (de) 1981-11-19
EP0039907A1 (de) 1981-11-18
ZA812826B (en) 1982-04-28
DE3171999D1 (en) 1985-10-03
CA1176065A (en) 1984-10-16
DE3018450C2 (de) 1985-10-03
ATE15261T1 (de) 1985-09-15
JPS5716764A (en) 1982-01-28
EP0039907B1 (de) 1985-08-28

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