US4461736A - Method of producing a dam for a communication cable - Google Patents

Method of producing a dam for a communication cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US4461736A
US4461736A US06/336,364 US33636481A US4461736A US 4461736 A US4461736 A US 4461736A US 33636481 A US33636481 A US 33636481A US 4461736 A US4461736 A US 4461736A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resin
mold
gaps
sheath
transmission members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/336,364
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English (en)
Inventor
Seiji Takagi
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
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Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO. LTD. reassignment FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO. LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: TAKAGI, SEIJI
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/221—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers filling-up interstices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
    • H02G1/14—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for joining or terminating cables
    • H02G1/145—Moulds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/003—Filling materials, e.g. solid or fluid insulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of producing a dam for a communication cable, and more particularly to a method of forming a gas-tight or water-tight dam by filling a portion of the communication cable with resin.
  • dams for communication cables have been formed at the actual sites where the communication cables are laid.
  • the environment for operation varies widely at the actual sites, it is difficult to form the dams reliably in their gas or water tightness. Therefore, of late, dams have been formed at the portion or portions of the communication cables in factories where the enviroment for operation is better controlled. In this case, the products have been taken up on drums in the form of communication cable having a dam provided therein.
  • a communication cable having a dam In order to make such a communication cable having a dam provided therein, exposed portions of insulated conductors of the communication cable which are formed by stripping the sheath (and which may be connected portions of the insulated conductors) are covered with a mold which is placed between the ends of the sheath portions on both sides of the exposed portions of the insulated conductors. Resin is injected into the mold so that the gaps or interstices among the insulated conductors are filled with the resin. Thereafter, the resin is cured so as to form a dam in the communication cable.
  • the resin for the dam may be polyethylene, epoxy resin, urethane resin and so on.
  • urethane resin since urethane resin generates less heat than epoxy resin on curing, it can be cured at a higher speed, but it has a problem of gas-tightness because it has no adhesion to polyethylene from which the insulators for the conductors are made.
  • self-curing resin is used as the dam resin.
  • the self-curing resin is foamed in a mold after being injected while it is still not foamed.
  • This resin is cured under a high pressure of the resin in the mold, which is caused by the fact that a viscosity or fluidity resistance of the resin is increased as it progresses to be cured when the resin intrudes into the gaps between transmission members (such as insulated conductors) within a sheath by its volume expansion on foaming the resin.
  • the dam resin injected into the mold is in the fluid state for substantial time, then it is introduced through the transmission member gaps into the sheath portions. This causes what is called “sinking" to be produced in the dam, and as a result, it is not able to produce the dam having a good gas-tightness.
  • the dam resin is cured at higher speed so that it is cured before flowing into the gaps between the transmission members, then a good dam cannot be formed.
  • the dam resin has to be allowed to flow and some degree into the transmission member gaps in the sheath portions.
  • the length of the cable along which the dam resin flows into the sheath portions should not prevent the flexibility of the cable which is required near the dam, it may be about 20 to 80 mm although it depends on the type of the cable. Meanwhile, if the dam resin is allowed to flow into the sheath portions, then the amount of the resin in the mold decreases so that there remains the problem of "sinking" as aforementioned.
  • this invention there is essentially used as a dam resin, self-curing resin which is fluid when injected into a mold, but cured while it is foamed after injected into the mold.
  • a dam resin self-curing resin which is fluid when injected into a mold, but cured while it is foamed after injected into the mold.
  • the amount of resin flowing into the gaps in the sheath portions can be made up for by its volume expansion which occurs when it is foamed. But, it is difficult to assure the adhesion between the insulators for the transmission members and the dam resin only by foaming it.
  • the rate at which the resin is foamed and cured is so determined that it progresses to be foamed and cured when the resin injected into the mold intrudes into the gaps between the transmission members within the sheath portions.
  • the dam resin is tightly forced against the surfaces of the insulators for the transmission members.
  • the tightness between the insulators for the transmission members and the dam resin is assured by curing it on the condition of forcing it against the surfaces of the insulators. Also, if the rate at which the resin is foamed and cured is determined as aforementioned, the length of the cable along which the resin intrudes into the sheath portions is preferably shorter.
  • the dam resin should be one which is foamed and cured in a relatively shorter time after injected into the mold. It may be a two-component resin system consisting of resin such as urethane resin including blowing agent such as Freon, a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. and the like and hardener, for example. As the resin is combined with the hardener, the curing reaction generates heat, which foams the resin by vaporizing the blowing agent. The rate at which the resin is foamed and cured may be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst included in the resin.
  • cream-time means is the period after the two components are mixed until the resin exhibits a creamy state to begin to be foamed by the reaction heat. At the time when the resin begins to be foamed, since the volume of the resin begins to be increased, it can be confirmed visually through a suitable glass container.
  • the rate at which the resin used is foamed and cured being indicated by the cream-time, it may be 20 to 60 seconds and preferably 30 to 45 seconds. If the cream-time is less than 20 seconds, then the foaming and curing rate is too high to fully diffuse the resin into the conductor gaps in the mold. Thus, it will be noted that the gas-tight dam cannot be formed. On the other hand, if the cream-time is more than 60 seconds, then the foaming and curing rate is too low so that the length of the cable along which the resin intrudes into the sheath portions becomes longer and so that it is difficult to increase the foaming pressure of the resin in the mold.
  • the resin which is foamed and cured in a substantially shorter time When the curing rate is high, there is a problem of dissolving the conductor insulators caused by the curing. This can be avoided by suitably selecting the type of resin used.
  • the preferable resin used in the invention is one which selfcures on reaction of isocyanate with a compound having reactive hydrogen and is foamed by vaporizing the blowing agent of Freon by the heat on curing reaction.
  • water and Freon may be industrially used as the blowing agent.
  • the water is used for utilizing the property of reacting with the hardener of isocyanate to generate carbon dioxide gas while Freon is used for utilizing the property of being vaporized by the heat accompanied by urethane curing reaction.
  • Freon is used for utilizing the property of being vaporized by the heat accompanied by urethane curing reaction. Comparing the two, water foaming is unfavorable in view of the following points. Since the hardener of isocyanate reacts with both water and polyol, when the resin is foamed by reacting water with isocyanate before urethane becomes viscous liquid as the urethane curing reaction progresses to a certain degree, the foams are removed out of the urethane and/or communicate with each other.
  • urethane reaction should be made earlier than water reaction. But, since urethane is cured, but not foamed if the urethane reaction progresses too much, a cure control agent having a strong virulence such as an organic mercury should be used to control the viscosity of urethane. Also, the products formed by water reaction has a mold removing property poorer than those formed by Freon reaction. On the other hand, in the Freon foaming, since Freon is not vaporized as long as the resin reacts to a certain degree to become a viscous liquid, the reaction and foaming can be more easily controlled.
  • a gas-tight dam can be produced in a much shorter time and an interference for dam resin is not required to be provided at the sheath ends or can be more simplified, with the result that the productivity can be advantageously much improved.
  • a simple interference may be provided if necessary.
  • a thin rod, swab (rod having a cotton head) or the like may be inserted into the gap.
  • foaming urethane resin there is used foaming urethane resin, it should be noted that the resin to be used is never limited thereto, and may be another resin so long as it has the same property as the foaming urethane resin.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a dam which is in the course of being produced it in accordance with the method of the invention.
  • a sheath 3 is stripped at the portion of the cable where the dam is formed to expose transmission members 4 thereto.
  • the exposed portions of the transmission members 4 are untwisted if necessary to ease resin to be introduced into gaps between the transmission members. If the cable has only a few pairs, the operation of untwisting will not be required.
  • the portions of the cable where the dam is to be formed are covered with a mold 5.
  • the mold 5 may be composed of metal and longitudinally divided into two halves. The mold 5 is mounted at both ends on the portions of the sheath 3 so as to tightly engage them.
  • a resin injection port 6 is provided at the center of the mold 5.
  • Resin to form the dam is injected through the injection port 6 into the mold 5 where it is foamed and cured.
  • the injection port 6 is closed by a cap 7 after the resin is injected.
  • the mold 5 is separately divided and removed from the cable.
  • the aforementioned operation was commonly made in connection with all of the examples and the comparisons described later.
  • the communication cables used in the examples and the comparisons were a 800-pair polyethylene insulated, stalpeth sheathed cable having a conductor diameter of 0.4 mm. No interference was provided at the sheath portions in any of the examples and the comparisons.
  • dams as had no variation in gas pressure, when 24 hours elapsed after a gas of 1 kg/cm 2 was enclosed at 23° C. in one of the cable portions on both sides of the dams, were considered to be accepted.
  • thermal cycling test such dams as had no variation in gas pressure when they were subject to 100 thermal cycles of -20° to 60° C. every two cycles per day after gas of 1 kg/cm 2 was enclosed at 23° C. in one of the cable portions on both sides of the dams were considered to be accepted.
  • dam resin two component urethane resin having the following formulation.
  • the "cream-time" of the resin was 35 seconds. After two components were mixed with each other, they were injected into the mold 5 and after that the injection port 6 was closed by the cap 7.
  • the rise-off time of the resin was 90 seconds, and as the mold was removed when 10 minutes elapsed after injection in view of the time for after-cure, it was found that the foaming and curing were completed.
  • an adhesive plastic film of polyethylene was melted onto the surface of the portion of the sheath 3 within the mold in order to improve the adhesion between the sheath portion and the resin.
  • the dams were broken up and the length of the cable portion along which the resin intruded into the sheath portion was 30 to 50 mm when measured. Since the length L along which the sheath 3 was covered with the resin was 60 mm, such intrusion length will not hinder the flexibility of the cable portions adjacent to the dams.
  • the density of the resin foamed and cured within the mold was 1.05 g/cm 3 when measured. Since the density of the resin when freely foamed is 0.68 g/cm 3 , it will be noted that the resin foamed within the mold was cured while it is compressed or pressurized.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Gas Or Oil Filled Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US06/336,364 1980-04-15 1981-04-14 Method of producing a dam for a communication cable Expired - Lifetime US4461736A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4939380A JPS56156616A (en) 1980-04-15 1980-04-15 Method of manufacturing dam for communication cable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4461736A true US4461736A (en) 1984-07-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/336,364 Expired - Lifetime US4461736A (en) 1980-04-15 1981-04-14 Method of producing a dam for a communication cable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4461736A (ja)
EP (1) EP0050158B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS56156616A (ja)
WO (1) WO1981003085A1 (ja)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4648919A (en) * 1984-09-18 1987-03-10 Raychem Corp. Protection of cable splice
US4755020A (en) * 1983-11-08 1988-07-05 Andrew Corporation Gas-blocked optical fiber cable unit
EP0470396A2 (de) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-12 Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH Giessform
US5131688A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-21 Coupling Systems, Inc. Pipe insulator and method for making same
US5168124A (en) * 1990-03-28 1992-12-01 Yazaki Corporation Waterproof seal construction for wire harness
US5536904A (en) * 1993-05-24 1996-07-16 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Waterproof construction of wire
US5560882A (en) * 1992-08-07 1996-10-01 Alcatel Cable Method of overmolding an underwater cable equipment
US6027679A (en) * 1997-08-29 2000-02-22 Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Method for securing a wire harness to a surface
US20040170819A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2004-09-02 Boyer Thomas D. Encapsulation using microcellular foamed materials
US20050266155A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2005-12-01 Utilx Corporation Apparatus and method for injecting fluid into a cable having fibrous insulation
US20080136120A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2008-06-12 Cooper Industries, Llc. Sealing fitting with expanding material
US20100140877A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2010-06-10 Kimleigh George Montague Pratley Method for forming a seal on conductors of an electrical cable
TWI401853B (ja) * 2009-06-09 2013-07-11
CN103907161A (zh) * 2011-10-28 2014-07-02 矢崎总业株式会社 芯线中的防水结构和防水方法
US20150228381A1 (en) * 2012-09-18 2015-08-13 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh Method for producing a cable harness and cable harness
US20160089823A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-03-31 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Producing method for cable with resin mold
US20170154706A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Electrically conducting path
TWI626663B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-11 光泰電線電纜有限公司 適用於電機防漏電防漏水電線製造方法
US10978222B2 (en) 2017-07-26 2021-04-13 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Insulated electric wire
US11024446B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2021-06-01 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Production method for insulated electric wire and insulated electric wire
US11145441B2 (en) * 2019-04-02 2021-10-12 Crompton Technology Group, Ltd. Electrical isolator

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0145307A3 (en) * 1983-11-14 1985-08-28 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Cable blocking
GB9519287D0 (en) * 1995-09-21 1995-11-22 Sicame Electrical Dev Ltd Electrical conductor enclosing apparatus

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US2320506A (en) * 1939-03-04 1943-06-01 Okonitecallender Cable Company Method of forming dams
US2957038A (en) * 1959-03-02 1960-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Plugging of plastic insulated cable
US3427393A (en) * 1966-11-03 1969-02-11 Gen Cable Corp Gastight plugs for communication cables
DE1956497A1 (de) * 1968-11-05 1970-06-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Verbessertes Verfahren und Massen fuer Kabelbloecke
US3582533A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-06-01 Ite Imperial Corp Underground transmission system employing bare conductors supported by electrical insulating foam
US3710440A (en) * 1970-01-16 1973-01-16 Phelps Dodge Copper Prod Manufacture of coaxial cable
DE2328633A1 (de) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Verfahren zur herstellung einer gassperre in der muffe eines fernsprechkabels
US3872233A (en) * 1972-11-14 1975-03-18 Cit Alcatel Sealed connection device for a cable
US3955043A (en) * 1974-04-11 1976-05-04 General Electric Company High voltage cable splice using foam insulation with thick integral skin in highly stressed regions
US3992569A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-11-16 Hexcel Corporation Protective cable enclosure, cable assembly including the same, and method of encapsulating a cable in a protective enclosure
JPS5347509A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-04-28 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ammonium nitrate composition for explosive

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FR2038844A5 (en) * 1969-03-31 1971-01-08 Thomson Csf Heavy duty electric cable with fe or al - outer conductor sheathed in plastics foam
JPS4829114B1 (ja) * 1969-05-08 1973-09-07

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US2320506A (en) * 1939-03-04 1943-06-01 Okonitecallender Cable Company Method of forming dams
US2957038A (en) * 1959-03-02 1960-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Plugging of plastic insulated cable
US3427393A (en) * 1966-11-03 1969-02-11 Gen Cable Corp Gastight plugs for communication cables
DE1956497A1 (de) * 1968-11-05 1970-06-11 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Verbessertes Verfahren und Massen fuer Kabelbloecke
US3582533A (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-06-01 Ite Imperial Corp Underground transmission system employing bare conductors supported by electrical insulating foam
US3710440A (en) * 1970-01-16 1973-01-16 Phelps Dodge Copper Prod Manufacture of coaxial cable
DE2328633A1 (de) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-03 Int Standard Electric Corp Verfahren zur herstellung einer gassperre in der muffe eines fernsprechkabels
GB1348749A (en) * 1972-06-08 1974-03-20 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Gas blocks for electric cable joints and terminations
JPS4961691A (ja) * 1972-06-08 1974-06-14
US3872233A (en) * 1972-11-14 1975-03-18 Cit Alcatel Sealed connection device for a cable
US3955043A (en) * 1974-04-11 1976-05-04 General Electric Company High voltage cable splice using foam insulation with thick integral skin in highly stressed regions
US3992569A (en) * 1975-02-11 1976-11-16 Hexcel Corporation Protective cable enclosure, cable assembly including the same, and method of encapsulating a cable in a protective enclosure
JPS5347509A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-04-28 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ammonium nitrate composition for explosive

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Masterson, J. B., "Pressure Dams in Communication Cables", in Wire & Wire Products, May 1970, pp. 61-65.
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4755020A (en) * 1983-11-08 1988-07-05 Andrew Corporation Gas-blocked optical fiber cable unit
US4648919A (en) * 1984-09-18 1987-03-10 Raychem Corp. Protection of cable splice
US5168124A (en) * 1990-03-28 1992-12-01 Yazaki Corporation Waterproof seal construction for wire harness
EP0470396A2 (de) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-12 Delphi Automotive Systems Deutschland GmbH Giessform
EP0470396A3 (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-07-08 Kabelwerke Reinshagen Gmbh Mould
US5131688A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-21 Coupling Systems, Inc. Pipe insulator and method for making same
US5560882A (en) * 1992-08-07 1996-10-01 Alcatel Cable Method of overmolding an underwater cable equipment
US5536904A (en) * 1993-05-24 1996-07-16 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Waterproof construction of wire
US6027679A (en) * 1997-08-29 2000-02-22 Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Method for securing a wire harness to a surface
US20040170819A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2004-09-02 Boyer Thomas D. Encapsulation using microcellular foamed materials
US20050266155A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2005-12-01 Utilx Corporation Apparatus and method for injecting fluid into a cable having fibrous insulation
US20080136120A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2008-06-12 Cooper Industries, Llc. Sealing fitting with expanding material
US20100140877A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2010-06-10 Kimleigh George Montague Pratley Method for forming a seal on conductors of an electrical cable
US9252586B2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2016-02-02 Pratley Investments (Propietary) Limited Method for forming a seal on conductors of an electrical cable
TWI401853B (ja) * 2009-06-09 2013-07-11
CN103907161A (zh) * 2011-10-28 2014-07-02 矢崎总业株式会社 芯线中的防水结构和防水方法
US20140299353A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2014-10-09 Yazaki Corporation Waterproofing Structure and Waterproofing Method in Core Wire
US9437349B2 (en) * 2011-10-28 2016-09-06 Yazaki Corporation Waterproofing structure and waterproofing method in core wire
US20150228381A1 (en) * 2012-09-18 2015-08-13 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh Method for producing a cable harness and cable harness
US9666338B2 (en) * 2012-09-18 2017-05-30 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh Method for producing a cable harness and cable harness
US20160089823A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-03-31 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Producing method for cable with resin mold
US10046492B2 (en) * 2014-09-30 2018-08-14 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Producing method for cable with resin mold
US9972417B2 (en) * 2015-11-26 2018-05-15 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Electrically conducting path
US20170154706A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Electrically conducting path
TWI626663B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-11 光泰電線電纜有限公司 適用於電機防漏電防漏水電線製造方法
US10978222B2 (en) 2017-07-26 2021-04-13 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Insulated electric wire
US11024446B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2021-06-01 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Production method for insulated electric wire and insulated electric wire
US11348704B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2022-05-31 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Production method for insulated electric wire and insulated electric wire
US20220254547A1 (en) * 2017-07-26 2022-08-11 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Production method for insulated electric wire and insulated electric wire
US11657928B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2023-05-23 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Production method for insulated electric wire and insulated electric wire
US11145441B2 (en) * 2019-04-02 2021-10-12 Crompton Technology Group, Ltd. Electrical isolator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0119204B2 (ja) 1989-04-11
EP0050158B1 (en) 1986-09-24
EP0050158A1 (en) 1982-04-28
JPS56156616A (en) 1981-12-03
EP0050158A4 (en) 1983-02-14
WO1981003085A1 (en) 1981-10-29

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