US4435487A - Primary battery system - Google Patents

Primary battery system Download PDF

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Publication number
US4435487A
US4435487A US06/449,485 US44948582A US4435487A US 4435487 A US4435487 A US 4435487A US 44948582 A US44948582 A US 44948582A US 4435487 A US4435487 A US 4435487A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
pressure
battery system
battery
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/449,485
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence S. Supelak
Steven J. Specht
Richard C. Hills
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Gould Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gould Inc filed Critical Gould Inc
Priority to US06/449,485 priority Critical patent/US4435487A/en
Assigned to GOULD INC., A DE CORP reassignment GOULD INC., A DE CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HILLS, RICHARD C., SPECHT, STEVEN J., SUPELAK, LAWRENCE S.
Priority to EP83903888A priority patent/EP0128170B1/fr
Priority to JP59500002A priority patent/JPH0713899B2/ja
Priority to AU23415/84A priority patent/AU552820B2/en
Priority to PCT/US1983/001782 priority patent/WO1984002428A1/fr
Priority to BR8307639A priority patent/BR8307639A/pt
Priority to JP84500002A priority patent/JPS59502162A/ja
Priority to DE8383903888T priority patent/DE3377759D1/de
Priority to CA000441500A priority patent/CA1212413A/fr
Priority to ES527485A priority patent/ES527485A0/es
Priority to MX199568A priority patent/MX154412A/es
Priority to IT8349482A priority patent/IT1180654B/it
Publication of US4435487A publication Critical patent/US4435487A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to NO843057A priority patent/NO159429C/no
Assigned to WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA reassignment WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GOULD INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/003—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
    • H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metal-water electrochemical cells and in particular to means for controlling the electrolyte composition in such cells.
  • metal-water electrochemical cell comprises a lithium/silver oxide cell.
  • the electrolyte in such a cell comprises a solution of lithium hydroxide in water.
  • the lithium hydroxide is dissolved in seawater.
  • the power developed by the cell is a function of several variables, such as temperature, electrolyte velocity, electrode area, electrode spacer configuration, voltage, gas-liquid volume ratio, and lithium hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte.
  • variables such as temperature, electrolyte velocity, electrode area, electrode spacer configuration, voltage, gas-liquid volume ratio, and lithium hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte.
  • lithium hydroxide is generated as a by-product of the electrochemistry, thus changing the concentration of lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte.
  • a portion of the electrolyte circulated from the cell having an increased lithium hydroxide concentration is discharged and replaced with water, which, in the marine application discussed above, is seawater.
  • the control of the lithium hydroxide in such an application is complicated by the fact that another by-product of the electrochemistry of the cell is hydrogen gas.
  • the hydrogen does not dissolve in the electrolyte to any great extent but forms a distributed mixture therein, tending to pressurize the system.
  • the present invention comprehends an improved battery system which eliminates the need for separation of the gaseous by-product produced in the electrolyte as a result of the electrochemistry of the cell by controlling the pressurization of the system as a function of the rate of discharge of the electrolyte suitable for maintaining the desired lithium hydroxide concentration for the desired power output.
  • the system is caused to have a sufficient hydrogen gas pressure so as to provide a desired small gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio, permitting the use of a circulation pump of conventional design.
  • the invention comprehends that the maintained hydrogen gas pressure is less than a preselected pressure so as to avoid the need for bulky and heavy structures in containing the pressurized hydrogen gas. It has been found that the provision of means to effect the desired pressurizing of the system permits the gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio in the system reservoir to rise at a decreasing rate so that during the normal operation of the battery system, the gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio in the reservoir becomes effectively constant at a pressure less than a preselected maximum.
  • the invention comprehends providing pressure regulating means for discharging the electrolyte from the reservoir as an incident of the pressure thereof exceeding the preselected operating pressure.
  • the invention further comprehends the provision of pressure control means permitting the pressure condition of the electrolyte to cause an increase in the density of the gaseous component in the electrolyte, resulting in a reduced ratio of the gaseous component volume to the liquid component volume of the gas-electrolyte mixture.
  • the invention broadly comprehends the provision in a battery system including a battery cartridge producing a gaseous by-product and a solute by-product in a circulated electrolyte liquid as an incident of electrochemical operation thereof, of pressurizing means for placing the electrolyte mixture under a preselected pressure, and replacing a portion of the pressurized electrolyte mixture with water.
  • the pressure is preselected to cause the ratio of the volume of gaseous by-product to volume of the liquid component to be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the portion of the mixture being discharged, and, upon replacement of the ejected mixture with water, permitting the electrolyte mixture provided to the battery cartridge to have a desired solute concentration and gas-to-liquid volume ratio, for desired operation of the battery.
  • the mass flow rate of the ejected gas and the mass flow rate of the ejected electrolyte remain substantially steady since the electro-chemical reaction is substantially steady.
  • the effects of the increased system pressure as to increase the density of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas-liquid mixture reduce the volume of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the total volume of the ejected mixture, and reduce the ratio of gas volume to liquid volume in the system as well as the ejected gas-liquid mixture.
  • the battery electrolyte control system of the present invention is extremely simple and economical of construction while yet providing improved efficiency, size and weight reduction, and reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a battery system embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic illustration of a modification of a portion of the system of FIG. 1 embodying the invention.
  • a battery system generally designated 10 is shown to comprise a primary battery system having a battery cartridge 11 disposed in a battery cartridge zone 12 within a housing 13.
  • the housing is provided with a divider wall 14 separating zone 12 from a reservoir chamber 15.
  • battery cartridge 11 comprises a lithium/silver oxide battery cartridge utilizing an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.
  • electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.
  • water is introduced into the electrolyte from the surrounding ambient seawater 16.
  • Water is drawn into reservoir 15 by means of a pump 17 having an inlet 18 opening to the ambient seawater, and an outlet 19 opening to the reservoir 15.
  • the invention comprehends the pressurizing of the electrolyte in the reservoir and, in the illustrative embodiment, a pump 17 is provided for producing pressure in the reservoir chamber 15 greater than the ambient pressure.
  • the pressure in chamber 15 is desirably maintained at the preselected elevated pressure, such as approximately 25 psi absolute to 3500 psi absolute, and preferably in the range of approximately 100 psi absolute to 1000 psi absolute, by a suitable pressure regulating valve 20. As shown, the valve is connected through an inlet 21 to the reservoir chamber 15 and through an outlet 22 to exteriorly of the housing 13.
  • valve inlet could also be connected to other locations within the electrolyte circulation path, such as to battery cartridge discharge 26, thermostatic bypass valve discharge 29, heat exchanger paths 30 through 31, heat exchanger discharge 32, or circulation pump discharge 25.
  • Circulation of electrolyte from reservoir 15 through the battery cartridge 11 and back to the reservoir 15 is effected by means of a main pump 23 having an inlet 24 opening to the reservoir chamber 15.
  • An outlet 25 of the pump 23 is connected to one side of the battery cartridge 11 for delivering the electrolyte through the battery to outlet 26 thereof extending through the divider wall 14 to thermostat bypass valve 27.
  • the thermostat valve is located in reservoir 15, as seen in FIG. 1, it being obvious to those skilled in the art that the thermostat valve can be provided at other suitable locations in the electrolyte circulation path.
  • the thermostat valve is selectively operable to deliver the returned electrolyte through a first outlet 28 directly to the reservoir chamber 15, or through second outlet 29 to a heat exchanger 30 providing heat exchange between the electrolyte circulated therethrough and the ambient seawater 16 through the housing 13.
  • the heat exchange may be provided at any desired location in the electrolyte circulation path.
  • the heat exchanging means includes a second portion 31 also providing heat exchange between the electrolyte flowed therethrough and the ambient seawater 16 through the housing 13, with the outlet 32 of the heat exchanger portion 31 opening into the reservoir chamber 15.
  • divider wall 14 is provided with suitable openings 33 providing communication between reservoir chamber 15 and zone 12 exteriorly of the battery cartridge 11 so as to place both the reservoir and zone 12 at substantially equal pressure.
  • a battery system generally designated 110 is similar to battery system 10, but is provided with a dividing wall 114 which is imperforate so as to effectively maintain the pressure in reservoir chamber 115 selectively different from the pressure in zone 112 surrounding the battery cartridge 111.
  • the discharge conduit 125 from the main pump 123 includes a first outlet 134 opening to zone 112 and a second outlet 135 opening to the battery cartridge 111.
  • zone 112 and the inlet to the battery cartridge are placed under equal pressures.
  • battery system 110 is similar to and functions similar to battery system 10.
  • the battery cartridge 11 comprised a lithium/silver oxide battery cartridge.
  • Pump 17 comprised a positive displacement pump with a variable output capacity of approximately 0 gpm to 60 gpm, operating at approximately 2 gpm to 20 gpm when the battery is required to deliver full power, suitable to place the reservoir chamber at a pressure of approximately 100 psi absolute to 1000 psi absolute, and more specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, at a pressure of approximately 200 psi absolute to 800 psi absolute.
  • the main pump 23 provided a discharge of approximate 50 gpm to 500 gpm at full power, at a pressure differential of approximately 20 psi to 350 psi for providing the desired circulation of the electrolyte fluid.
  • the hydrogen gas by-product by operation of the battery cartridge 11 was compressed in the electrolyte liquid so as to have a ratio to the lithium hydroxide by-product produced by operation of the battery cartridge suitable to permit the mixture of the elecyrolyte and compressed hydrogen gas to be discharged through valve 20 while maintaining the molarity or the lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte in reservoir 15 suitable to provide desired operation of the battery cartridge 11 when recirculated thereto by pump 23.
  • the heat generated by operation of the battery cartridge is transmitted to the ambient seawater through the heat exchanger 30, 31, when necessary, under the control of thermostat valve 27. Where the temperature of the returned electrolyte mixture is below the setting of the thermostat valve, the mixture may be delivered directly back to the reservoir 15 through the outlet conduit 28 without the need for heat exchange.
  • the system 110 illustrated in FIG. 2 may be employed.
  • a measured amount of lithium hydroxide is dissolved in seawater with the solution then being introduced into the battery cartridge inlet.
  • the starting solute was dry sodium hydroxide stored in the reservoir area.
  • other suitable start-up means may be utilized within the scope of the invention.
  • the invention comprehends a novel battery system wherein the gaseous by-product generated by the battery cartridge in the electrochemical operation thereof is maintained in the fluid mixture at a preselected pressure so as to reduce the ratio of the volume of the gaseous component to the volume of the liquid component within the fluid mixture.
  • Maintenance of the desired concentration of the solute is effected by introducing fresh solvent to replace a portion of the pressurized fluid which is discharged, thereby removing from the system a portion of the generated gaseous by-product and reducing the solute concentration to the desired level.
  • the invention is advantageously adapted for use in a lithium/silver oxide battery system.
  • the invention comprehends any modification of the disclosed system wherein pressurizing all or any part of the system, permitting the gas and electrolyte liquid to be ejected as a mixture, is desired.
  • the invention is adapted for use wherein the recirculating electrolyte normally constitutes a gas/liquid mixture.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US06/449,485 1982-12-13 1982-12-13 Primary battery system Expired - Fee Related US4435487A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/449,485 US4435487A (en) 1982-12-13 1982-12-13 Primary battery system
EP83903888A EP0128170B1 (fr) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 Systeme de batterie primaire
JP59500002A JPH0713899B2 (ja) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 一次電池システム
AU23415/84A AU552820B2 (en) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 Primary battery system
PCT/US1983/001782 WO1984002428A1 (fr) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 Systeme de batterie primaire
BR8307639A BR8307639A (pt) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 Sistema de bateria primaria
JP84500002A JPS59502162A (ja) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 一次電池系
DE8383903888T DE3377759D1 (en) 1982-12-13 1983-11-14 Primary battery system
CA000441500A CA1212413A (fr) 1982-12-13 1983-11-18 Systeme accumulateur primaire
ES527485A ES527485A0 (es) 1982-12-13 1983-11-23 Sistema de bateria primaria con medios para controlar y regular la composicion del correspondiente electrolito.
MX199568A MX154412A (es) 1982-12-13 1983-11-29 Mejoras a un sistema primario de bateria
IT8349482A IT1180654B (it) 1982-12-13 1983-12-12 Dispositivo a batteria primaria
NO843057A NO159429C (no) 1982-12-13 1984-07-30 Primaerbatterisystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/449,485 US4435487A (en) 1982-12-13 1982-12-13 Primary battery system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4435487A true US4435487A (en) 1984-03-06

Family

ID=23784340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/449,485 Expired - Fee Related US4435487A (en) 1982-12-13 1982-12-13 Primary battery system

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4435487A (fr)
EP (1) EP0128170B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPH0713899B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU552820B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1212413A (fr)
DE (1) DE3377759D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES527485A0 (fr)
IT (1) IT1180654B (fr)
MX (1) MX154412A (fr)
WO (1) WO1984002428A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4528248A (en) * 1984-07-30 1985-07-09 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Electrochemical cell and method
EP0271085A2 (fr) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-15 Société Anonyme dite SAFT Pile amorcable
US4820598A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-04-11 Saft, S.A. Activatable battery using the Li/SOCl2 or Li/SO2 Cl2 couples
US4822698A (en) * 1987-05-15 1989-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Seawater power cell
US5212024A (en) * 1917-05-17 1993-05-18 Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft Mbh Battery box with a circulating flow channel
EP0669666A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. Batterie activée par électrolyte
EP0669665A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. Batterie activée électrolyte
FR2716750A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-09-01 Whiteread Alenia Sistemi Subac Pile activable à circulation d'électrolyte.
US5733679A (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Battery system and a method for generating electrical power
US20130015376A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Cameron International Corporation Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment
US11329353B2 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-05-10 Leonardo S.P.A. High efficiency electrochemical power supply source for an underwater vehicle
WO2024020071A1 (fr) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-25 South 8 Technologies, Inc. Appareil de récipient d'électrolyte de gaz liquéfié et procédé de remplissage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2620273B1 (fr) * 1987-09-03 1991-10-18 France Etat Armement Dispositif pour former et faire circuler un electrolyte liquide dans une pile alcaline amorcable

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1771330B2 (de) * 1968-05-08 1973-10-04 Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover Elektrische Batterie aus Nickel-Cadium-Akkumulatoren mit während der Ladung und/oder Entladung umgepumpten alkalischen Elektrolyten
DE1671924C3 (de) * 1967-05-10 1975-06-12 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen In einem zylinderförmigen Einbaukörper untergebrachtes galvanisches Primärelement, bei dem ein Elektrolyt in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt wird
US3542598A (en) * 1969-02-05 1970-11-24 Us Navy Sea water battery employing electrolyte recirculation circuit
US3634139A (en) * 1969-04-18 1972-01-11 United Aircraft Corp External reservoir and internal pool fuel cell system and method of operation
US3607428A (en) * 1969-04-28 1971-09-21 Us Navy Long life regulated sea water battery
JPS5037372B1 (fr) * 1969-11-25 1975-12-02
US3941616A (en) * 1971-11-25 1976-03-02 Puolustusministerio Sea water battery
US4053685A (en) * 1974-05-15 1977-10-11 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company Inc. End-reacting electrochemical battery
US4245011A (en) * 1978-07-27 1981-01-13 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Chemical and electrochemical devices
US4200684A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-04-29 P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. High rate discharge primary battery
JPS5630000A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-03-25 Key Pharma Test culture medium
US4288501A (en) * 1980-02-07 1981-09-08 Moody Warren E Reusable reserve battery system
JPS57115769A (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-19 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Submersible power source

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5212024A (en) * 1917-05-17 1993-05-18 Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft Mbh Battery box with a circulating flow channel
US4528248A (en) * 1984-07-30 1985-07-09 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Electrochemical cell and method
WO1986001038A1 (fr) * 1984-07-30 1986-02-13 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Pile electrochimique et procede
EP0271085A2 (fr) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-15 Société Anonyme dite SAFT Pile amorcable
FR2608322A1 (fr) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-17 Accumulateurs Fixes Pile amorcable
EP0271085A3 (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-08-31 Societe Anonyme Dite Saft Deferred-action cell
US4820598A (en) * 1987-04-13 1989-04-11 Saft, S.A. Activatable battery using the Li/SOCl2 or Li/SO2 Cl2 couples
US4822698A (en) * 1987-05-15 1989-04-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Seawater power cell
EP0669666A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. Batterie activée par électrolyte
EP0669665A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-08-30 WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. Batterie activée électrolyte
FR2716750A1 (fr) * 1994-02-25 1995-09-01 Whiteread Alenia Sistemi Subac Pile activable à circulation d'électrolyte.
US5506065A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-04-09 Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei S.P.A. Electrolyte-activated battery
US5532079A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-07-02 Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei S.P.A. Electrolyte-activated battery
US5733679A (en) * 1997-01-08 1998-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Battery system and a method for generating electrical power
US20130015376A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Cameron International Corporation Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment
US9727062B2 (en) * 2011-07-14 2017-08-08 Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment
US11329353B2 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-05-10 Leonardo S.P.A. High efficiency electrochemical power supply source for an underwater vehicle
WO2024020071A1 (fr) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-25 South 8 Technologies, Inc. Appareil de récipient d'électrolyte de gaz liquéfié et procédé de remplissage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1212413A (fr) 1986-10-07
EP0128170B1 (fr) 1988-08-17
AU552820B2 (en) 1986-06-19
DE3377759D1 (en) 1988-09-22
JPH0713899B2 (ja) 1995-02-15
EP0128170A4 (fr) 1985-06-26
EP0128170A1 (fr) 1984-12-19
ES8502576A1 (es) 1985-01-01
AU2341584A (en) 1984-07-05
IT8349482A0 (it) 1983-12-12
JPS59502162A (ja) 1984-12-27
JPS58502155A (ja) 1983-12-15
ES527485A0 (es) 1985-01-01
MX154412A (es) 1987-08-11
WO1984002428A1 (fr) 1984-06-21
IT1180654B (it) 1987-09-23

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