US4435487A - Primary battery system - Google Patents
Primary battery system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4435487A US4435487A US06/449,485 US44948582A US4435487A US 4435487 A US4435487 A US 4435487A US 44948582 A US44948582 A US 44948582A US 4435487 A US4435487 A US 4435487A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- pressure
- battery system
- battery
- cartridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/003—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
- H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
Definitions
- This invention relates to metal-water electrochemical cells and in particular to means for controlling the electrolyte composition in such cells.
- metal-water electrochemical cell comprises a lithium/silver oxide cell.
- the electrolyte in such a cell comprises a solution of lithium hydroxide in water.
- the lithium hydroxide is dissolved in seawater.
- the power developed by the cell is a function of several variables, such as temperature, electrolyte velocity, electrode area, electrode spacer configuration, voltage, gas-liquid volume ratio, and lithium hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte.
- variables such as temperature, electrolyte velocity, electrode area, electrode spacer configuration, voltage, gas-liquid volume ratio, and lithium hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte.
- lithium hydroxide is generated as a by-product of the electrochemistry, thus changing the concentration of lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte.
- a portion of the electrolyte circulated from the cell having an increased lithium hydroxide concentration is discharged and replaced with water, which, in the marine application discussed above, is seawater.
- the control of the lithium hydroxide in such an application is complicated by the fact that another by-product of the electrochemistry of the cell is hydrogen gas.
- the hydrogen does not dissolve in the electrolyte to any great extent but forms a distributed mixture therein, tending to pressurize the system.
- the present invention comprehends an improved battery system which eliminates the need for separation of the gaseous by-product produced in the electrolyte as a result of the electrochemistry of the cell by controlling the pressurization of the system as a function of the rate of discharge of the electrolyte suitable for maintaining the desired lithium hydroxide concentration for the desired power output.
- the system is caused to have a sufficient hydrogen gas pressure so as to provide a desired small gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio, permitting the use of a circulation pump of conventional design.
- the invention comprehends that the maintained hydrogen gas pressure is less than a preselected pressure so as to avoid the need for bulky and heavy structures in containing the pressurized hydrogen gas. It has been found that the provision of means to effect the desired pressurizing of the system permits the gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio in the system reservoir to rise at a decreasing rate so that during the normal operation of the battery system, the gas-to-electrolyte volume ratio in the reservoir becomes effectively constant at a pressure less than a preselected maximum.
- the invention comprehends providing pressure regulating means for discharging the electrolyte from the reservoir as an incident of the pressure thereof exceeding the preselected operating pressure.
- the invention further comprehends the provision of pressure control means permitting the pressure condition of the electrolyte to cause an increase in the density of the gaseous component in the electrolyte, resulting in a reduced ratio of the gaseous component volume to the liquid component volume of the gas-electrolyte mixture.
- the invention broadly comprehends the provision in a battery system including a battery cartridge producing a gaseous by-product and a solute by-product in a circulated electrolyte liquid as an incident of electrochemical operation thereof, of pressurizing means for placing the electrolyte mixture under a preselected pressure, and replacing a portion of the pressurized electrolyte mixture with water.
- the pressure is preselected to cause the ratio of the volume of gaseous by-product to volume of the liquid component to be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the portion of the mixture being discharged, and, upon replacement of the ejected mixture with water, permitting the electrolyte mixture provided to the battery cartridge to have a desired solute concentration and gas-to-liquid volume ratio, for desired operation of the battery.
- the mass flow rate of the ejected gas and the mass flow rate of the ejected electrolyte remain substantially steady since the electro-chemical reaction is substantially steady.
- the effects of the increased system pressure as to increase the density of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas-liquid mixture reduce the volume of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the total volume of the ejected mixture, and reduce the ratio of gas volume to liquid volume in the system as well as the ejected gas-liquid mixture.
- the battery electrolyte control system of the present invention is extremely simple and economical of construction while yet providing improved efficiency, size and weight reduction, and reliability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a battery system embodying the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic illustration of a modification of a portion of the system of FIG. 1 embodying the invention.
- a battery system generally designated 10 is shown to comprise a primary battery system having a battery cartridge 11 disposed in a battery cartridge zone 12 within a housing 13.
- the housing is provided with a divider wall 14 separating zone 12 from a reservoir chamber 15.
- battery cartridge 11 comprises a lithium/silver oxide battery cartridge utilizing an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.
- electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide.
- water is introduced into the electrolyte from the surrounding ambient seawater 16.
- Water is drawn into reservoir 15 by means of a pump 17 having an inlet 18 opening to the ambient seawater, and an outlet 19 opening to the reservoir 15.
- the invention comprehends the pressurizing of the electrolyte in the reservoir and, in the illustrative embodiment, a pump 17 is provided for producing pressure in the reservoir chamber 15 greater than the ambient pressure.
- the pressure in chamber 15 is desirably maintained at the preselected elevated pressure, such as approximately 25 psi absolute to 3500 psi absolute, and preferably in the range of approximately 100 psi absolute to 1000 psi absolute, by a suitable pressure regulating valve 20. As shown, the valve is connected through an inlet 21 to the reservoir chamber 15 and through an outlet 22 to exteriorly of the housing 13.
- valve inlet could also be connected to other locations within the electrolyte circulation path, such as to battery cartridge discharge 26, thermostatic bypass valve discharge 29, heat exchanger paths 30 through 31, heat exchanger discharge 32, or circulation pump discharge 25.
- Circulation of electrolyte from reservoir 15 through the battery cartridge 11 and back to the reservoir 15 is effected by means of a main pump 23 having an inlet 24 opening to the reservoir chamber 15.
- An outlet 25 of the pump 23 is connected to one side of the battery cartridge 11 for delivering the electrolyte through the battery to outlet 26 thereof extending through the divider wall 14 to thermostat bypass valve 27.
- the thermostat valve is located in reservoir 15, as seen in FIG. 1, it being obvious to those skilled in the art that the thermostat valve can be provided at other suitable locations in the electrolyte circulation path.
- the thermostat valve is selectively operable to deliver the returned electrolyte through a first outlet 28 directly to the reservoir chamber 15, or through second outlet 29 to a heat exchanger 30 providing heat exchange between the electrolyte circulated therethrough and the ambient seawater 16 through the housing 13.
- the heat exchange may be provided at any desired location in the electrolyte circulation path.
- the heat exchanging means includes a second portion 31 also providing heat exchange between the electrolyte flowed therethrough and the ambient seawater 16 through the housing 13, with the outlet 32 of the heat exchanger portion 31 opening into the reservoir chamber 15.
- divider wall 14 is provided with suitable openings 33 providing communication between reservoir chamber 15 and zone 12 exteriorly of the battery cartridge 11 so as to place both the reservoir and zone 12 at substantially equal pressure.
- a battery system generally designated 110 is similar to battery system 10, but is provided with a dividing wall 114 which is imperforate so as to effectively maintain the pressure in reservoir chamber 115 selectively different from the pressure in zone 112 surrounding the battery cartridge 111.
- the discharge conduit 125 from the main pump 123 includes a first outlet 134 opening to zone 112 and a second outlet 135 opening to the battery cartridge 111.
- zone 112 and the inlet to the battery cartridge are placed under equal pressures.
- battery system 110 is similar to and functions similar to battery system 10.
- the battery cartridge 11 comprised a lithium/silver oxide battery cartridge.
- Pump 17 comprised a positive displacement pump with a variable output capacity of approximately 0 gpm to 60 gpm, operating at approximately 2 gpm to 20 gpm when the battery is required to deliver full power, suitable to place the reservoir chamber at a pressure of approximately 100 psi absolute to 1000 psi absolute, and more specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, at a pressure of approximately 200 psi absolute to 800 psi absolute.
- the main pump 23 provided a discharge of approximate 50 gpm to 500 gpm at full power, at a pressure differential of approximately 20 psi to 350 psi for providing the desired circulation of the electrolyte fluid.
- the hydrogen gas by-product by operation of the battery cartridge 11 was compressed in the electrolyte liquid so as to have a ratio to the lithium hydroxide by-product produced by operation of the battery cartridge suitable to permit the mixture of the elecyrolyte and compressed hydrogen gas to be discharged through valve 20 while maintaining the molarity or the lithium hydroxide in the electrolyte in reservoir 15 suitable to provide desired operation of the battery cartridge 11 when recirculated thereto by pump 23.
- the heat generated by operation of the battery cartridge is transmitted to the ambient seawater through the heat exchanger 30, 31, when necessary, under the control of thermostat valve 27. Where the temperature of the returned electrolyte mixture is below the setting of the thermostat valve, the mixture may be delivered directly back to the reservoir 15 through the outlet conduit 28 without the need for heat exchange.
- the system 110 illustrated in FIG. 2 may be employed.
- a measured amount of lithium hydroxide is dissolved in seawater with the solution then being introduced into the battery cartridge inlet.
- the starting solute was dry sodium hydroxide stored in the reservoir area.
- other suitable start-up means may be utilized within the scope of the invention.
- the invention comprehends a novel battery system wherein the gaseous by-product generated by the battery cartridge in the electrochemical operation thereof is maintained in the fluid mixture at a preselected pressure so as to reduce the ratio of the volume of the gaseous component to the volume of the liquid component within the fluid mixture.
- Maintenance of the desired concentration of the solute is effected by introducing fresh solvent to replace a portion of the pressurized fluid which is discharged, thereby removing from the system a portion of the generated gaseous by-product and reducing the solute concentration to the desired level.
- the invention is advantageously adapted for use in a lithium/silver oxide battery system.
- the invention comprehends any modification of the disclosed system wherein pressurizing all or any part of the system, permitting the gas and electrolyte liquid to be ejected as a mixture, is desired.
- the invention is adapted for use wherein the recirculating electrolyte normally constitutes a gas/liquid mixture.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/449,485 US4435487A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | Primary battery system |
EP83903888A EP0128170B1 (fr) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | Systeme de batterie primaire |
JP59500002A JPH0713899B2 (ja) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | 一次電池システム |
AU23415/84A AU552820B2 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | Primary battery system |
PCT/US1983/001782 WO1984002428A1 (fr) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | Systeme de batterie primaire |
BR8307639A BR8307639A (pt) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | Sistema de bateria primaria |
JP84500002A JPS59502162A (ja) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | 一次電池系 |
DE8383903888T DE3377759D1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-14 | Primary battery system |
CA000441500A CA1212413A (fr) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-18 | Systeme accumulateur primaire |
ES527485A ES527485A0 (es) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-23 | Sistema de bateria primaria con medios para controlar y regular la composicion del correspondiente electrolito. |
MX199568A MX154412A (es) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-11-29 | Mejoras a un sistema primario de bateria |
IT8349482A IT1180654B (it) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Dispositivo a batteria primaria |
NO843057A NO159429C (no) | 1982-12-13 | 1984-07-30 | Primaerbatterisystem. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/449,485 US4435487A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | Primary battery system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4435487A true US4435487A (en) | 1984-03-06 |
Family
ID=23784340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/449,485 Expired - Fee Related US4435487A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | Primary battery system |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4435487A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0128170B1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JPH0713899B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU552820B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1212413A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3377759D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES527485A0 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1180654B (fr) |
MX (1) | MX154412A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1984002428A1 (fr) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4528248A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1985-07-09 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Electrochemical cell and method |
EP0271085A2 (fr) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-15 | Société Anonyme dite SAFT | Pile amorcable |
US4820598A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-04-11 | Saft, S.A. | Activatable battery using the Li/SOCl2 or Li/SO2 Cl2 couples |
US4822698A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-04-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Seawater power cell |
US5212024A (en) * | 1917-05-17 | 1993-05-18 | Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft Mbh | Battery box with a circulating flow channel |
EP0669666A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. | Batterie activée par électrolyte |
EP0669665A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. | Batterie activée électrolyte |
FR2716750A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-01 | Whiteread Alenia Sistemi Subac | Pile activable à circulation d'électrolyte. |
US5733679A (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Battery system and a method for generating electrical power |
US20130015376A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Cameron International Corporation | Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment |
US11329353B2 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2022-05-10 | Leonardo S.P.A. | High efficiency electrochemical power supply source for an underwater vehicle |
WO2024020071A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | South 8 Technologies, Inc. | Appareil de récipient d'électrolyte de gaz liquéfié et procédé de remplissage |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2620273B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-03 | 1991-10-18 | France Etat Armement | Dispositif pour former et faire circuler un electrolyte liquide dans une pile alcaline amorcable |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1771330B2 (de) * | 1968-05-08 | 1973-10-04 | Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover | Elektrische Batterie aus Nickel-Cadium-Akkumulatoren mit während der Ladung und/oder Entladung umgepumpten alkalischen Elektrolyten |
DE1671924C3 (de) * | 1967-05-10 | 1975-06-12 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | In einem zylinderförmigen Einbaukörper untergebrachtes galvanisches Primärelement, bei dem ein Elektrolyt in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt wird |
US3542598A (en) * | 1969-02-05 | 1970-11-24 | Us Navy | Sea water battery employing electrolyte recirculation circuit |
US3634139A (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1972-01-11 | United Aircraft Corp | External reservoir and internal pool fuel cell system and method of operation |
US3607428A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-09-21 | Us Navy | Long life regulated sea water battery |
JPS5037372B1 (fr) * | 1969-11-25 | 1975-12-02 | ||
US3941616A (en) * | 1971-11-25 | 1976-03-02 | Puolustusministerio | Sea water battery |
US4053685A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1977-10-11 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company Inc. | End-reacting electrochemical battery |
US4245011A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1981-01-13 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Chemical and electrochemical devices |
US4200684A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-04-29 | P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. | High rate discharge primary battery |
JPS5630000A (en) * | 1979-08-20 | 1981-03-25 | Key Pharma | Test culture medium |
US4288501A (en) * | 1980-02-07 | 1981-09-08 | Moody Warren E | Reusable reserve battery system |
JPS57115769A (en) * | 1981-01-09 | 1982-07-19 | Yuasa Battery Co Ltd | Submersible power source |
-
1982
- 1982-12-13 US US06/449,485 patent/US4435487A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-11-14 EP EP83903888A patent/EP0128170B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-11-14 JP JP59500002A patent/JPH0713899B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-11-14 JP JP84500002A patent/JPS59502162A/ja active Pending
- 1983-11-14 AU AU23415/84A patent/AU552820B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-11-14 DE DE8383903888T patent/DE3377759D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-11-14 WO PCT/US1983/001782 patent/WO1984002428A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1983-11-18 CA CA000441500A patent/CA1212413A/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-11-23 ES ES527485A patent/ES527485A0/es active Granted
- 1983-11-29 MX MX199568A patent/MX154412A/es unknown
- 1983-12-12 IT IT8349482A patent/IT1180654B/it active
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5212024A (en) * | 1917-05-17 | 1993-05-18 | Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft Mbh | Battery box with a circulating flow channel |
US4528248A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1985-07-09 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Electrochemical cell and method |
WO1986001038A1 (fr) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-13 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Pile electrochimique et procede |
EP0271085A2 (fr) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-15 | Société Anonyme dite SAFT | Pile amorcable |
FR2608322A1 (fr) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-17 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Pile amorcable |
EP0271085A3 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-08-31 | Societe Anonyme Dite Saft | Deferred-action cell |
US4820598A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-04-11 | Saft, S.A. | Activatable battery using the Li/SOCl2 or Li/SO2 Cl2 couples |
US4822698A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-04-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Seawater power cell |
EP0669666A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. | Batterie activée par électrolyte |
EP0669665A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-08-30 | WHITEHEAD ALENIA SISTEMI SUBACQUEI S.p.A. | Batterie activée électrolyte |
FR2716750A1 (fr) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-01 | Whiteread Alenia Sistemi Subac | Pile activable à circulation d'électrolyte. |
US5506065A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1996-04-09 | Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei S.P.A. | Electrolyte-activated battery |
US5532079A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1996-07-02 | Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei S.P.A. | Electrolyte-activated battery |
US5733679A (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-03-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Battery system and a method for generating electrical power |
US20130015376A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Cameron International Corporation | Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment |
US9727062B2 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2017-08-08 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Shape memory alloy thermostat for subsea equipment |
US11329353B2 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2022-05-10 | Leonardo S.P.A. | High efficiency electrochemical power supply source for an underwater vehicle |
WO2024020071A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-21 | 2024-01-25 | South 8 Technologies, Inc. | Appareil de récipient d'électrolyte de gaz liquéfié et procédé de remplissage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1212413A (fr) | 1986-10-07 |
EP0128170B1 (fr) | 1988-08-17 |
AU552820B2 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
DE3377759D1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
JPH0713899B2 (ja) | 1995-02-15 |
EP0128170A4 (fr) | 1985-06-26 |
EP0128170A1 (fr) | 1984-12-19 |
ES8502576A1 (es) | 1985-01-01 |
AU2341584A (en) | 1984-07-05 |
IT8349482A0 (it) | 1983-12-12 |
JPS59502162A (ja) | 1984-12-27 |
JPS58502155A (ja) | 1983-12-15 |
ES527485A0 (es) | 1985-01-01 |
MX154412A (es) | 1987-08-11 |
WO1984002428A1 (fr) | 1984-06-21 |
IT1180654B (it) | 1987-09-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GOULD INC., A DE CORP Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SUPELAK, LAWRENCE S.;SPECHT, STEVEN J.;HILLS, RICHARD C.;REEL/FRAME:004088/0833 Effective date: 19821206 |
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Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, PL 97-247 (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M173); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |
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Owner name: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION, WESTINGHOUSE BU Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GOULD INC.;REEL/FRAME:004883/0758 Effective date: 19880329 |
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