US4433813A - Method for forming wood fibres - Google Patents
Method for forming wood fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4433813A US4433813A US06/175,679 US17567980A US4433813A US 4433813 A US4433813 A US 4433813A US 17567980 A US17567980 A US 17567980A US 4433813 A US4433813 A US 4433813A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- fibres
- wood chips
- milling machine
- timber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
- B02C13/04—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
- B02C21/02—Transportable disintegrating plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
- B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of wood fibres for use in the construction of all-weather horse riding surfaces.
- an improved and more consistent surface may be provided by forming the surface from a more consistent mixture of wood fibres, and the present invention provides a method and apparatus for forming wood fibres in a mixture having desirable characteristics for use as a riding surface.
- a method of forming wood fibres for use in the production of a riding surface comprises feeding wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, to a milling machine adjusted to break the wood chips into wood fibres, the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine being substantially in accordance with the following percentages, by volume, of the total volume:
- the wood chips may be produced by the preliminary step of feeding timber into a wood chipping machine adjusted to produce said wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm.
- the mean length of the wood chips is substantially 25 mm.
- the method may therefore comprise the further step of adding liquid to the wood chips, before milling, to adjust the moisture content thereof.
- the moisture content is adjusted to be in the region of 45%.
- the milling machine may be of a known form comprising a plurality of coaxially rotating elements each having mounted at the periphery thereof a plurality of hammers which, as the discs rotate, cooperate with a closely encircling peripheral surface to break the wood chips into fibres before passing the fibres through a screen.
- the screen preferably has a 25 mm mesh size.
- At least a major proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed is hardwood.
- Preferably also at least a proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed comprises whole natural timber including bark.
- the milling portion of the method is preferably carried out at the site where the riding surface is to be constructed.
- a mobile apparatus for use in carrying out the above method may be provided, the apparatus comprising a wheeled support on which are mounted a hopper for receiving wood chips having a length in the grain direction of from 18 mm to 35 mm, a milling machine, a motor driving the milling machine, a conveyor delivering wood chips from the lower end of the hopper to the milling machine, and a conveyor delivering wood fibre from the outlet of the milling machine.
- the wheeled support may be self propelled or may comprise a trailer vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of mobile apparatus for producing wood fibres in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical section through one type of milling machine which may be used in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
- the mobile apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a trailer vehicle 10 for coupling to a tractor vehicle and comprising a horizontal platform 11, rear road wheels 12, and front support legs 13 which are lowered to support the front end of the trailer when it is disconnected from the tractor vehicle.
- An open-topped hopper 14 for receiving wood chips.
- An endless belt conveyor 15 extends upwardly from the lower, discharge end of the hopper 14 so as to deliver wood chips from the hopper into the upper feed inlet 16 of a milling machine 17.
- the milling machine 17 will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2.
- the milling machine 17 is driven by means of a transmission, indicated at 18, from a power unit 19 which may comprise a diesel engine mounted on the platform 11.
- a further endless belt conveyor 20 extends upwardly away from the outlet from the milling machine 17 so as to deliver wood fibres from the milling machine to a collection vehicle or storage pile adjacent the apparatus.
- the casing of the milling machine 17 provides a downwardly inclined conduit 21 which leads from the feed inlet 16 into the upper part of a cylindrical milling chamber 22.
- a plurality of coaxial parallel beaters 23 each comprising a central square hub plate 24 secured to a shaft 25 and having mounted at the periphery thereof four equally spaced hammers 26 which extend radially outwards to a point just clear of the encircling peripheral wall of the chamber 22.
- the hammers 26 cooperate with the encircling wall surface to break into fibres the wood chips which are delivered into the feed inlet 16 from the above-mentioned conveyor 15.
- the lower half of the peripheral wall of the chamber 22 is in the form of a screen 27 so that when the fibres have been broken down to a sufficiently small size they pass through the screen 27 into an outlet tray 28 from which they are picked up by the aforementioned conveyor 20.
- wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, and preferably of substantially 25 mm, are delivered to the hopper 14 from where they are delivered by the conveyor 15 to the milling machine 17.
- Liquid may be added to the wood chips at any stage before they pass into the milling machine 17 to adjust the moisture content thereof until it is preferably in the region of 45%.
- the moisture content and make-up of the wood chips, the size of the screen 27, and the characteristics of the milling machine 17 are so selected that the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine are substantially in accordance with the following percentages, by volume, of the total volume.
- the wood fibres produced by the described method are particularly suitable for use in the construction of horse riding surfaces for training and/or racing.
- a layer of wood fibres is deposited on a flat polyester membrane formed with drainage holes, the surface on which the membrane is laid having been well compacted with two to three inches of brick rubble or ballast.
- the membrane may be laid in the bottom of a shallow channel or other shallow excavation, it is preferably laid on the surface of the ground within a surrounding upstanding wall of timber or concrete. It will be appreciated that this greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of laying the surface. After laying the fibres on the membrane and within the surrounding wall to a depth of about nine inches (23 cms), the surface is raked level and watered and compacted with a heavy roller.
- the described apparatus being mobile, allows the method of producing wood fibres according to the invention to be carried out at the site where the riding surface is to be constructed.
- the mobile apparatus is taken to the site at which the riding surface is to be laid, and wood chips of the required size are obtained from the nearest local wood chipping plant, using local timber at least a major proportion of which is preferably hard wood, the chips being formed from lengths of whole natural timber including bark. It is found that the use of such timber for the chips improves the characteristics of the final riding surface.
- any suitable method and apparatus may be used for producing wood chips having the required length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, and preferably 25 mm.
- one suitable known form of wood chipping machine comprises a rotating disc having chipping blades mounted around the periphery thereof, the timber being fed in the direction of its grain at an angle to the axis of rotation of the disc.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
A method of forming wood fibres for use in the production of a riding surface comprises feeding wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, to a milling machine adjusted to break the wood chips into wood fibres, the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine being substantially in accordance with the following percentages, by volume, of the total volume: -Wood fibre length Percentage of Total Fibre -0 mm-5 mm 10%-20% - 5 mm-15 mm 40%-55% -15 mm-35 mm 35%-50% - It is found that a surface formed from a compacted layer, several inches deep, of fibres produced by the above method has excellent characteristics for horse riding and these characteristics are not unduly affected by variations in weather conditions.
Description
The invention relates to the production of wood fibres for use in the construction of all-weather horse riding surfaces.
As is well known, the characteristics of conventional horse riding surfaces, such as turf and sand, vary according to the weather conditions. Also such surfaces are liable to serious damage, rendering them temporarily unusable, under extremes of weather conditions such as severe frost. To overcome these disadvantages it has been proposed to construct an all-weather riding surface from a thick layer of wood fragments, since such a surface is less susceptible to variations in weather conditions. Generally such riding surfaces have been formed from mixed wood residues from timber processing plants and have comprised a mixture of wood shavings, chippings, fibres and sawdust in variable proportions. It has been found, however, that an improved and more consistent surface may be provided by forming the surface from a more consistent mixture of wood fibres, and the present invention provides a method and apparatus for forming wood fibres in a mixture having desirable characteristics for use as a riding surface.
According to the invention a method of forming wood fibres for use in the production of a riding surface comprises feeding wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, to a milling machine adjusted to break the wood chips into wood fibres, the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine being substantially in accordance with the following percentages, by volume, of the total volume:
______________________________________ Wood fibre length Percentage of Total Fibre ______________________________________ 0 mm-5 mm 10%-20% 5 mm-15 mm 40%-55% 15 mm-35 mm 35%-50% ______________________________________
It is found that a surface formed from a compacted layer, several inches deep, of fibres produced by the above method has excellent characteristics for horse riding and these characteristics are not unduly affected by variations in weather conditions.
The wood chips may be produced by the preliminary step of feeding timber into a wood chipping machine adjusted to produce said wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm.
Preferably the mean length of the wood chips is substantially 25 mm.
In order to produce the proportions of fibre lengths referred to above it may be necessary to adjust the moisture content of the wood chips before subjecting them to the milling process, and the method may therefore comprise the further step of adding liquid to the wood chips, before milling, to adjust the moisture content thereof. Preferably the moisture content is adjusted to be in the region of 45%.
The milling machine may be of a known form comprising a plurality of coaxially rotating elements each having mounted at the periphery thereof a plurality of hammers which, as the discs rotate, cooperate with a closely encircling peripheral surface to break the wood chips into fibres before passing the fibres through a screen. The screen preferably has a 25 mm mesh size.
Preferably at least a major proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed is hardwood. Preferably also at least a proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed comprises whole natural timber including bark.
To reduce the cost of transport of large quantities of wood fibres produced according to the invention, the milling portion of the method is preferably carried out at the site where the riding surface is to be constructed. A mobile apparatus for use in carrying out the above method may be provided, the apparatus comprising a wheeled support on which are mounted a hopper for receiving wood chips having a length in the grain direction of from 18 mm to 35 mm, a milling machine, a motor driving the milling machine, a conveyor delivering wood chips from the lower end of the hopper to the milling machine, and a conveyor delivering wood fibre from the outlet of the milling machine.
The wheeled support may be self propelled or may comprise a trailer vehicle.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of mobile apparatus for producing wood fibres in accordance with the invention, and
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical section through one type of milling machine which may be used in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
The mobile apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a trailer vehicle 10 for coupling to a tractor vehicle and comprising a horizontal platform 11, rear road wheels 12, and front support legs 13 which are lowered to support the front end of the trailer when it is disconnected from the tractor vehicle.
Mounted at the rear end of the platform 11 is an open-topped hopper 14 for receiving wood chips. An endless belt conveyor 15 extends upwardly from the lower, discharge end of the hopper 14 so as to deliver wood chips from the hopper into the upper feed inlet 16 of a milling machine 17. The milling machine 17 will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2.
The milling machine 17 is driven by means of a transmission, indicated at 18, from a power unit 19 which may comprise a diesel engine mounted on the platform 11.
A further endless belt conveyor 20 extends upwardly away from the outlet from the milling machine 17 so as to deliver wood fibres from the milling machine to a collection vehicle or storage pile adjacent the apparatus.
Referring to FIG. 2, the casing of the milling machine 17 provides a downwardly inclined conduit 21 which leads from the feed inlet 16 into the upper part of a cylindrical milling chamber 22. Rotatable within the chamber 22 are a plurality of coaxial parallel beaters 23 each comprising a central square hub plate 24 secured to a shaft 25 and having mounted at the periphery thereof four equally spaced hammers 26 which extend radially outwards to a point just clear of the encircling peripheral wall of the chamber 22. The hammers 26 cooperate with the encircling wall surface to break into fibres the wood chips which are delivered into the feed inlet 16 from the above-mentioned conveyor 15.
The lower half of the peripheral wall of the chamber 22 is in the form of a screen 27 so that when the fibres have been broken down to a sufficiently small size they pass through the screen 27 into an outlet tray 28 from which they are picked up by the aforementioned conveyor 20.
In use of the above described apparatus, wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, and preferably of substantially 25 mm, are delivered to the hopper 14 from where they are delivered by the conveyor 15 to the milling machine 17. Liquid may be added to the wood chips at any stage before they pass into the milling machine 17 to adjust the moisture content thereof until it is preferably in the region of 45%.
The moisture content and make-up of the wood chips, the size of the screen 27, and the characteristics of the milling machine 17 are so selected that the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine are substantially in accordance with the following percentages, by volume, of the total volume.
______________________________________ Wood fibre length Percentage of Total Fibre ______________________________________ 0 mm-5 mm 10%-20% 5 mm-15 mm 40%-55% 15 mm-35 mm 35%-50% ______________________________________
It is found in practice that a 25 mm mesh size is suitable for the screen 27.
The wood fibres produced by the described method are particularly suitable for use in the construction of horse riding surfaces for training and/or racing. In constructing such a riding surface a layer of wood fibres is deposited on a flat polyester membrane formed with drainage holes, the surface on which the membrane is laid having been well compacted with two to three inches of brick rubble or ballast. Although the membrane may be laid in the bottom of a shallow channel or other shallow excavation, it is preferably laid on the surface of the ground within a surrounding upstanding wall of timber or concrete. It will be appreciated that this greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of laying the surface. After laying the fibres on the membrane and within the surrounding wall to a depth of about nine inches (23 cms), the surface is raked level and watered and compacted with a heavy roller.
During use of the surface the smaller fibres migrate to the bottom of the layer and provide a compact and firm base layer over wich extends a more open top surface which therefore readily drains and which is resistent to frost.
The described apparatus, being mobile, allows the method of producing wood fibres according to the invention to be carried out at the site where the riding surface is to be constructed. In this case the mobile apparatus is taken to the site at which the riding surface is to be laid, and wood chips of the required size are obtained from the nearest local wood chipping plant, using local timber at least a major proportion of which is preferably hard wood, the chips being formed from lengths of whole natural timber including bark. It is found that the use of such timber for the chips improves the characteristics of the final riding surface.
Any suitable method and apparatus may be used for producing wood chips having the required length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, and preferably 25 mm. However, one suitable known form of wood chipping machine comprises a rotating disc having chipping blades mounted around the periphery thereof, the timber being fed in the direction of its grain at an angle to the axis of rotation of the disc.
Claims (9)
1. A method of forming wood fibres for use in the production of a riding surface comprising feeding wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm, to a milling machine adjusted to break the wood chips into wood fibres, the lengths of the fibres produced by the milling machine being substantially in accordance with the following percentages by volume, of the total volume:
______________________________________ Wood fibre length Percentage of Total Fibre ______________________________________ 0 mm-5 mm 10%-20% 5 mm-15 mm 40%-55% 15 mm-35 mm 35%-50% ______________________________________
2. A method of forming wood fibres according to claim 1, comprising the preliminary step of feeding timber into a wood chipping machine adjusted to produce said wood chips having a length, in the grain direction, of from 18 mm to 35 mm.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mean length of the wood chips is substantially 25 mm.
4. A method according to claim 1, comprising the further step of adding liquid to the wood chips, before milling, to adjust the moisture content thereof.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the moisture content is adjusted to be in the region of 45% .
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the milling machine comprises a plurality of coaxially rotating elements each having mounted at the periphery thereof a plurality of hamers which, as the elements rotate, cooperate with a closely encircling peripheral surface to break the wood chips into fibres before passing the fibres through a screen.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the screen has a 25 mm mesh size.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least a major proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed is hardwood.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least a proportion of the timber from which said wood chips are formed comprises whole natural timber including bark.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7927881 | 1979-08-10 | ||
GB7927881 | 1979-08-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4433813A true US4433813A (en) | 1984-02-28 |
Family
ID=10507111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/175,679 Expired - Lifetime US4433813A (en) | 1979-08-10 | 1980-08-05 | Method for forming wood fibres |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4433813A (en) |
AU (1) | AU553080B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE884666A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1134722A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3030165A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK341880A (en) |
FI (1) | FI802482A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2462981A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1132343B (en) |
LU (1) | LU82696A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8004506A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ194567A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8005634L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA804786B (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4625921A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-12-02 | Ims Lycrete Limited | Comminuting |
US4712744A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-12-15 | O&K Orenstein & Koppel Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for charging at least one top-loading crusher |
US5301460A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1994-04-12 | Corbitt H C | Mulch product |
US5326614A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-07-05 | Doose Lawrence A | Chipped wood surfacing material |
US5526990A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-06-18 | Canadian Forest Products Ltd. | Apparatus for separating wood fibers from other fibers in fibremat residues |
WO2000074909A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Enigma N.V. | Method for extracting and recycling waste chemically treated wood |
EP1070782A1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-24 | Wwj, L.L.C. | Lignocellulose fiber filler for thermoplastic composite compositions |
US6284098B1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2001-09-04 | Wwj, Llc | Lignocellulose fiber filler for thermoplastic composite compositions |
US20060216120A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Ecoroads Holding Ltd. | Method of site preparation in environmentally sensitive areas |
US20060247336A1 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2006-11-02 | Xyleco, Inc., A Massachusetts Corporation | Cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and compositions and composites made therefrom |
US20070045456A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2007-03-01 | Marshall Medoff | Fibrous materials and compositions |
WO2006102543A3 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-06-14 | Xyleco Inc | Fibrous materials and composites |
US20080245915A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2008-10-09 | Extec Screens & Crushers Limited | Crusher Apparatus |
US7470463B2 (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2008-12-30 | Xyleon, Inc. | Cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and compositions and composites made therefrom |
US7709557B2 (en) | 1997-09-02 | 2010-05-04 | Xyleco, Inc. | Compositions and composites of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and resins, and methods of making the same |
WO2012123507A1 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Rockwool International A/S | Use of stone fibres |
AU2011203228B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | Xyleco, Inc. | Fibrous materials and composites |
CN101203315B (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2013-04-10 | 希乐克公司 | Fiber material and composite material |
WO2016205355A1 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-22 | Biofuels Technology Llc | Systems and methods for use in processing of forest residue |
US10059035B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2018-08-28 | Xyleco, Inc. | Fibrous materials and composites |
RU2698059C1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-08-21 | Михаил Алексеевич Зырянов | Mobile device for grinding greens of coniferous trees |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT397488B (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1994-04-25 | Hofer Otto | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE PROCESSING OF WOOD MATERIAL WHICH WAS EXTENDED |
DE9318940U1 (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1994-05-26 | Gres Josef | Mobile device for processing small wood |
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DE2135116A1 (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1973-02-01 | Inter Wood Maschinen | Wood shredding - by metal spikes in rubber cladding on a cylinder to give coarse fibre material |
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-
1980
- 1980-08-04 AU AU61049/80A patent/AU553080B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-08-05 NZ NZ194567A patent/NZ194567A/en unknown
- 1980-08-05 US US06/175,679 patent/US4433813A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-08-06 ZA ZA00804786A patent/ZA804786B/en unknown
- 1980-08-07 FI FI802482A patent/FI802482A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-08-07 LU LU82696A patent/LU82696A1/en unknown
- 1980-08-07 BE BE0/201672A patent/BE884666A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-08-07 IT IT24043/80A patent/IT1132343B/en active
- 1980-08-07 NL NL8004506A patent/NL8004506A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-08-08 SE SE8005634A patent/SE8005634L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-08-08 DK DK341880A patent/DK341880A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-08-08 DE DE19803030165 patent/DE3030165A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-08-08 CA CA000358023A patent/CA1134722A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-08 FR FR8017536A patent/FR2462981A1/en active Granted
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US2532660A (en) | 1944-05-11 | 1950-12-05 | Arthur J P Care | Apparatus for producing fiber staples |
US2869793A (en) | 1953-06-19 | 1959-01-20 | William T S Montgomery | Machine for punching and cutting of wood |
US2986347A (en) | 1958-12-02 | 1961-05-30 | Jeffrey Mfg Co | Material reducing apparatus |
US3527417A (en) | 1968-02-01 | 1970-09-08 | Eldon L Tompsett | Wheeled comminuting machine |
US3627212A (en) | 1969-11-24 | 1971-12-14 | James H Stanton | Hammer hog |
US3617006A (en) | 1970-04-28 | 1971-11-02 | Cons Paper Bahamas Ltd | Refiner control |
US4030865A (en) | 1974-07-08 | 1977-06-21 | Tadashi Kobayashi | Apparatus for simultaneous defiberization of waste paper stock and uniform dispersion and accumulation of the defiberized fine fiber stock for dry web formation |
US3989198A (en) | 1975-04-16 | 1976-11-02 | Asplundh Tree Expert Company | Brush chipper and brake assembly usable therewith |
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4625921A (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1986-12-02 | Ims Lycrete Limited | Comminuting |
US4712744A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-12-15 | O&K Orenstein & Koppel Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for charging at least one top-loading crusher |
US5301460A (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1994-04-12 | Corbitt H C | Mulch product |
US5326614A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-07-05 | Doose Lawrence A | Chipped wood surfacing material |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE8005634L (en) | 1981-02-11 |
IT8024043A0 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
DK341880A (en) | 1981-02-11 |
DE3030165A1 (en) | 1981-02-26 |
NZ194567A (en) | 1984-08-24 |
FI802482A (en) | 1981-02-11 |
CA1134722A (en) | 1982-11-02 |
BE884666A (en) | 1980-12-01 |
LU82696A1 (en) | 1980-12-15 |
AU553080B2 (en) | 1986-07-03 |
IT1132343B (en) | 1986-07-02 |
AU6104980A (en) | 1981-02-12 |
FR2462981A1 (en) | 1981-02-20 |
ZA804786B (en) | 1981-08-26 |
NL8004506A (en) | 1981-02-12 |
FR2462981B1 (en) | 1985-02-01 |
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