US4426886A - Ultrasonic scanner - Google Patents

Ultrasonic scanner Download PDF

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Publication number
US4426886A
US4426886A US06/319,448 US31944881A US4426886A US 4426886 A US4426886 A US 4426886A US 31944881 A US31944881 A US 31944881A US 4426886 A US4426886 A US 4426886A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transducer
scanner
gear
axis
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/319,448
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English (en)
Inventor
P. Michael Finsterwald
LeRoy Kopel
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Advanced Technology Laboratories Inc
Advanced Diagnostic Research Corp
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Advanced Diagnostic Research Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US06/319,448 priority Critical patent/US4426886A/en
Assigned to ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH CORPORATION, AN AZ CORP. reassignment ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH CORPORATION, AN AZ CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FINSTERWALD, P. MICHAEL, KOPEL, LEROY
Priority to BR8206413A priority patent/BR8206413A/pt
Priority to FR8218718A priority patent/FR2516272B1/fr
Priority to JP57197428A priority patent/JPS5886150A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4426886A publication Critical patent/US4426886A/en
Assigned to ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC. reassignment ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ADR ULTRA SOUND PROPRIETARY, LTD., (BOTH CORPS OF AZ) (MERGED INTO), ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH CORPORATION, (AND)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/35—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using mechanical steering of transducers or their beams
    • G10K11/352—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using mechanical steering of transducers or their beams by moving the transducer
    • G10K11/355—Arcuate movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ultrasonic interrogation and, more particularly, to a mechanical ultrasonic scanner of the type typically used in medical diagnosis.
  • Such a scanner has in a hand held housing an ultrasonic transducer that rotates or oscillates to transmit ultrasonic energy to a sectorial area and receive echos therefrom.
  • a signal representative of the received echoes modulates the beam of a cathode ray tube.
  • the beam is controlled to represent on the screen the sector being scanned.
  • the cathode ray tube displays an image of the scanned sector, which can be used for medical diagnosis when parts of the human body are interrogated by the scanner.
  • Matzuk U.S. Pat. No. 4,092,867 discloses an ultrasonic transducer secured to a permanent magnet.
  • the transducer and magnet are mounted for rotation between a pair of magnetic armature poles around which a pair of servo drive coils are wound.
  • the coils are connected to the output of a servo amplifier to which a signal representative of the angular position of the ultrasonic transducer and a signal representative of the desired angular position are applied.
  • Connell et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,419 discloses a rotor on which four ultrasonic transducers are mounted at 90 degree intervals.
  • the rotor is continuously driven by a motor about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the motor shaft and the transducers are individually activated as they pass through a given sector of each rotor revolution.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,291 discloses an ultrasonic probe, pivotally attached at one end to the periphery of a continuously rotating crank.
  • the other end of the probe at which an ultrasonically active surface is disposed is secured to a scanner housing by a rolling diaphragm.
  • the probe is constrained by a pair of plates to move in a single plane so as to oscillate back and forth in the plane as the crank rotates.
  • the number of frames per second of visually displayed data that can be collected by a mechanical sector scanner depends upon the motor load including the moment of inertia of the rotating or oscillating transducer assembly connected to the motor. If the load becomes too great, perceptible vibration occurs, which degrades the image displayed by the CRT. Thus an important characteristic of a mechanical sector scanner is a small moment of inertia. Another desirable characteristic is compactness of component layout within the housing.
  • the output shaft of a motor that oscillates about an output axis. is coupled to an ultrasonic transducer by a right-angle drive.
  • a first bevel gear having gear teeth is mounted on the end of the output shaft.
  • the transducer has a front-radiating surface and a back mounting surface on which a second bevel gear is mounted.
  • the second gear has gear teeth distributed in an arc less than completely around an axis of rotation such that the back surface of the transducer is spaced nearer to the axis of rotation than those teeth of the second gear located diametrically opposite the back surface.
  • the transducer and the second gear are rotatably supported for rotation about the axis of rotation with the gear teeth of the first and second gears in engagement and the axis transverse to the output shaft. Oscillations of the output shaft are coupled to the transducer by the bevel gears.
  • the transducer and its mounting structure possess a smaller moment of inertia in a compact arrangement, thereby presenting to the output shaft of the motor a smaller load. Consequently, a motor having a given output torque can drive the ultrasonic transducer at a higher angular velocity, thereby increasing the lines and/or frames displayed on a CRT screen.
  • a feature of the invention is the use of flexible leads for the transducer that are wrapped around the transducer scanning shaft so as to unwind during one direction of rotation and to wind during the opposite direction of rotation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side-sectional view of the hand held portion of a mechanical ultrasonic sector scanner incorporating principles of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the ultrasonic transducer assembly of the scanner of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side-sectional view of the ultrasonic transducer assembly of the scanner of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the ultrasonic transducer assembly of the scanner of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the electronics of the scanner of FIG. 1.
  • the hand-held portion of a mechanical ultrasonic sector scanner comprises a housing 10 in which a sealed chamber 12 is formed.
  • a motor 14 and an angular position sensor 16 are disposed in chamber 12.
  • Motor 14 is mounted on housing 10 by a bracket 15.
  • Motor 14 has an output shaft 18 that oscillates about an output axis 20 through an angle smaller than 180°. Typically the range of oscillations would be of the order of 90° and the corresponding section scan would possess an included angle of 90°.
  • Axis 20 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of housing 10.
  • motor 14 could comprise a limited angle torque motor such as, for example, a wide angle limited rotation brushless D.C. torque motor, Model TQ 10Y-4 of Aeroflex Laboratories Inc.
  • Position sensor 16 has a stationary part mounted on housing 10 by a bracket 22, and a movable part mounted on shaft 18.
  • position sensor 16 could comprise a differential transformer RVDT such as Model 20602, Pickering & Co., Inc., Plainview, N.Y.
  • Housing 10 is open at one end.
  • Output shaft 18 extends through chamber 12 to a point near the open end of housing 10, where a cap 24 transparent to ultrasonic energy covers and seals the open end of housing 10.
  • a scanning shaft 26 is spaced from the end of output shaft 18.
  • Shaft 26 has a scanning axis 28 that is transverse, preferably perpendicular, to output axis 20. The ends of shaft 26 are supported within housing 10 by brackets 30 and 32, respectively.
  • Chamber 12 is filled with a fluid, such as water, having approximately the same speed of sound as the medium, e.g., body tissue, being interrogated by the ultrasonic energy from the scanner.
  • a fluid such as water
  • the end of cap 24 is spherical.
  • the distance that the ultrasonic energy travels through the fluid between transducer assembly 34 and cap 24 is the same for all angular positions of transducer assembly 34 within the sector scan.
  • transducer assembly 34 comprises a disc-shaped preferably focussed piezoelectric element 40 with a concave or flat front surface and a body 41 of sound damping material on the back surface of element 40.
  • Body 41 has a flat surface that abuts bevel gear 36 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Transducer assembly 34 could be constructed by several well-known techniques, including the manner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,148,094, which issued Jan. 15, 1980. The disclosure of this patent is incorporated fully herein by reference.
  • Element 40 fits into a support ring 42 where it is bonded in place and then the sound damping material is poured into the space within ring 42 in molten form. When the sound damping material hardens, it forms body 41.
  • Ring 42 has oppositely disposed collet forming extensions 44 and 46 in which bores 48 and 50, respectively, are formed.
  • the outer surfaces of extensions 44 and 46 are curved to conform to the outer surface of ring 42 and the inner surfaces of extensions 44 and 46 are flat.
  • gear 36 has a generally cylindrical body 56 and a crown 58 on which gear teeth 60 are formed. Gear teeth 60 mesh with corresponding gear teeth on gear 38. Part of gear 36 is cut away leaving on the side thereof opposite teeth 60 a flat mounting face 62.
  • An axial bore 64 is formed through gear 36 near face 62. Bores 48 and 64 receive an enlarged diameter portion 52 of shaft 26. Bore 50 receives an enlarged diameter portion 54 on shaft 26.
  • Shaft 26 is bonded to ring 42 and gear 36 to become part of transducer assembly 34. Ends 53 and 55 of shaft 26 outboard of portions 52 and 54 are journaled for rotation in brackets 30 and 32 as described above. Face 62 abuts the flat back surface of body 41. If desired, gear 36 could be secured to body 41 by bonding. Gear 36, element 40, body 41, ring 42, and shaft 26 rotate with respect to housing 10. Gear 36 is arranged within the perimeter of ring 42, thereby providing a compact component layout. By virtue of flat face 62, the back surface of body 41 is nearer to scanning axis 28 than teeth 60 and the periphery of cylindrical portion 56 and crown portion 58 opposite flat face 62.
  • This asymetrical coupling arrangement provides a small moment arm for transducer assembly 34 and thus a small moment of inertia. Consequently, assembly 34 can be rotated at faster angular speed, thereby permitting a larger frame rate on a CRT screen without perceptible vibration. In a typical example, 25 or 30 frames per second can be displayed without image degradation due to vibration. This large frame rate permits motion of the interrogated object to be effectively captured and displayed.
  • Electrically conductive terminal pads 66 and 68 are formed on the back surface of body 41. As depicted in FIG. 4, terminal pads 66 and 68 are disposed adjacent to opposite sides of shaft 26 near bevel gear 36. Insulated flexible leads 70 and 72 are wrapped around shaft 26 in the same direction. By way of example, leads 70 and 72 could be Flexileads sold by Cooner Wire of Chatsworth, California. One end of lead 70 is electrically connected to pad 66, for example, by soldering. One end of lead 72 is electrically connected to pad 68, for example, by soldering. Sufficient slack is left in the ends of leads 70 and 72 connected to pads 66 and 68 to accommodate the oscillation of element 40.
  • leads 70 and 72 wind around shaft 26 and as element 40 oscillates in the other direction, the ends of leads 70 and 72 unwind from shaft 26.
  • the other ends of leads 70 and 72 are connected to the transmit-receive circuitry described below in connection with FIG. 5. Wrapping leads 70 and 72 around shaft 26 provides stress relief for leads 70 and 72 and a convenient and controlled routing path between the transmit-receive circuitry and element 40.
  • a triangular wave generator 74 is coupled to the input of a summing junction 76, to the input of a comparator 78, and to the transmitting input of a transmission gate 83.
  • the output of position sensor 16 is coupled to the other input of summing junction 76.
  • the output of summing junction 76 is coupled to the control input of motor 14.
  • Wave generator 74 produces a periodic voltage that varies linearly from a low value to a high value and then returns linearly to the low value.
  • Position sensor 16 produces a voltage proportional to the angular position of the output shaft of motor 14.
  • Motor 14 is driven responsive to the difference between the voltages produced by wave generator 74 and position sensor 16, so the latter tends to track the former, thereby causing the angular position of first angular position to a second angular position and then linearly return from the second angular position to the first angular position.
  • the linear oscillation of the output shaft of motor 14 produce a linear sector scan of element 40.
  • a voltage reference source 80 has a number of outputs equal to the number of lines in the display. These outputs are applied to comparator 78 for comparison with the voltage from wave generator 74. The voltage value of each output from reference source 80 corresponds to a different line of display.
  • comparator 78 produces a trigger pulse at its output, which is coupled to the trigger input of transmit-receive circuitry 82, the trigger input of a sweep generator 84, and the gating input of transmission gate 83.
  • transmit-receive circuitry 82 energizes element 40 in well known fashion to emit a burst of ultrasonic energy
  • sweep generator 84 initiates a sweep voltage corresponding to distance from the transducer in the direction of emitted energy
  • transmission gate 83 passes the voltage from wave generator 74, which corresponds to the angular position of element 40.
  • Echoes of the emitted burst of ultrasonic energy, returned to element 40 are coupled to the beam modulating input of a cathode ray tube (CRT) 86.
  • the sweep voltage from sweep generator 84 and the voltage from wave generator 74 are applied to the respective beam deflection inputs of CRT 86 to produce a B-scan sector display on its screen.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US06/319,448 1981-11-09 1981-11-09 Ultrasonic scanner Expired - Lifetime US4426886A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/319,448 US4426886A (en) 1981-11-09 1981-11-09 Ultrasonic scanner
BR8206413A BR8206413A (pt) 1981-11-09 1982-11-05 Explorador mecanico ultra-sonico transdutor
FR8218718A FR2516272B1 (fr) 1981-11-09 1982-11-08 Scanographe a ultrasons
JP57197428A JPS5886150A (ja) 1981-11-09 1982-11-09 機械的超音波スキヤナ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/319,448 US4426886A (en) 1981-11-09 1981-11-09 Ultrasonic scanner

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US4426886A true US4426886A (en) 1984-01-24

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US06/319,448 Expired - Lifetime US4426886A (en) 1981-11-09 1981-11-09 Ultrasonic scanner

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US (1) US4426886A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5886150A (fr)
BR (1) BR8206413A (fr)
FR (1) FR2516272B1 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4462255A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-07-31 Technicare Corporation Piezoelectric scanning systems for ultrasonic transducers
US4515017A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-05-07 Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc. Oscillating ultrasound scanhead
DE3618082A1 (de) * 1985-06-03 1986-12-04 Picker International, Inc., Highland Heights, Ohio Ultraschallwandlermesskopfanordnung
US4785819A (en) * 1984-03-30 1988-11-22 Technicare Corporation Ultrasonic in-line sector probe
US4869257A (en) * 1985-06-03 1989-09-26 Picker International, Inc. Ultrasonic mechanical sector scanning transducer probe assembly
US4869258A (en) * 1986-12-05 1989-09-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Intracavitary ultrasound scanner means
US5176142A (en) * 1991-04-16 1993-01-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Endoscopic ultrasound probe with take-up cable mechanism
US5465724A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-11-14 Acuson Corporation Compact rotationally steerable ultrasound transducer
US20030065261A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Ultrasound probe for ultrasound examination system
US20080027326A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic probe
US20080038141A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2008-02-14 Cadle Terry M Surface densification of powder metal bearing caps
US20080045882A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2008-02-21 Finsterwald P M Biological Cell Acoustic Enhancement and Stimulation
US10945706B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2021-03-16 Biim Ultrasound As Hand held ultrasound probe

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2944011B2 (ja) * 1992-06-26 1999-08-30 シーケーディ株式会社 空気圧シリンダの使用方法
JP2563216Y2 (ja) * 1992-10-29 1998-02-18 シーケーディ株式会社 空気圧シリンダのシール装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3553638A (en) * 1969-06-19 1983-01-11 Western Marine Electronics Co Sonar scanning mechanism
GB1484699A (en) * 1973-10-15 1977-09-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Ultrasonic wave diagnosis apparatus
JPS5311473B2 (fr) * 1974-07-03 1978-04-21
GB1539512A (en) * 1975-01-17 1979-01-31 Greater Glasgow Health Board Ultrasonic scanning apparatus
US4181120A (en) * 1976-04-23 1980-01-01 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Vessel for ultrasonic scanner
US4092867A (en) * 1977-02-10 1978-06-06 Terrance Matzuk Ultrasonic scanning apparatus

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4462255A (en) * 1983-02-03 1984-07-31 Technicare Corporation Piezoelectric scanning systems for ultrasonic transducers
US4515017A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-05-07 Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc. Oscillating ultrasound scanhead
US4785819A (en) * 1984-03-30 1988-11-22 Technicare Corporation Ultrasonic in-line sector probe
DE3618082A1 (de) * 1985-06-03 1986-12-04 Picker International, Inc., Highland Heights, Ohio Ultraschallwandlermesskopfanordnung
US4773426A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-09-27 Picker International, Inc. Ultrasonic mechanical sector scanning transducer probe assembly
US4869257A (en) * 1985-06-03 1989-09-26 Picker International, Inc. Ultrasonic mechanical sector scanning transducer probe assembly
US4869258A (en) * 1986-12-05 1989-09-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Intracavitary ultrasound scanner means
US5176142A (en) * 1991-04-16 1993-01-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Endoscopic ultrasound probe with take-up cable mechanism
US5465724A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-11-14 Acuson Corporation Compact rotationally steerable ultrasound transducer
US20080038141A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2008-02-14 Cadle Terry M Surface densification of powder metal bearing caps
US7987569B2 (en) * 2001-05-01 2011-08-02 Gkn Sinter Metals, Llc Method of surface densification of a powder metal component
US20030065261A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Ultrasound probe for ultrasound examination system
US6673021B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-01-06 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Ultrasound probe for ultrasound examination system
US20080045882A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2008-02-21 Finsterwald P M Biological Cell Acoustic Enhancement and Stimulation
US20080027326A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic probe
US7967755B2 (en) * 2006-07-25 2011-06-28 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic probe
US10945706B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2021-03-16 Biim Ultrasound As Hand held ultrasound probe
US11744551B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2023-09-05 Biim Ultrasound As Hand held ultrasound probe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2516272B1 (fr) 1986-07-04
JPS5886150A (ja) 1983-05-23
FR2516272A1 (fr) 1983-05-13
BR8206413A (pt) 1983-09-27

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