US4364876A - Novel 2-cyanoacrylate, process for producing same and curable composition comprising same - Google Patents

Novel 2-cyanoacrylate, process for producing same and curable composition comprising same Download PDF

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Publication number
US4364876A
US4364876A US06/244,276 US24427681A US4364876A US 4364876 A US4364876 A US 4364876A US 24427681 A US24427681 A US 24427681A US 4364876 A US4364876 A US 4364876A
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Prior art keywords
cyanoacrylate
parts
ethoxyethyl
sub
methoxy
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US06/244,276
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Kaoru Kimura
Kazuyuki Sakabe
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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Assigned to TOAGOSEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. reassignment TOAGOSEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KIMURA KAORU, SAKABE KAZUYUKI
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J4/00Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a novel 2-cyanoacrylate, a process for producing the same and a curable composition comprising it.
  • alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate monomers have widely been utilized for bonding metals, plastics, rubbers, wood, ceramics and the like as a cold-setting one-pack type instant-setting adhesive anion-polymerizable with the very small quantity of water adsorbed on the surface of an adherend.
  • Improving the flexibility of cured product of an adhesive by changing the kind of the alcohol moiety of 2-cyanoacrylate can be predicted from the case of alkyl acrylate polymer. That is, it is known that the higher the alcohol moiety of the alkyl acrylate, the more flexible the polymer formed becomes, and the most flexible polymer among the alkyl acrylate polymers is an n-octyl acrylate polymer. If this idea is applied to alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates to investigate the properties of higher alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate polymers, they are not flexible polymers but rather brittle polymers.
  • the alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate polymers are polymers of 1,1-disubstituted vinyl compounds and the substituents thereof are a nitrile group and a carboxyl group, both having a very high polarity, the polymers are very rigid, linear polymers and it is inferred that a mere introduction of a higher alkyl group into the side chain of the polymer cannot render the polymer flexible.
  • the polymer is used as a paint, a coating material, a resist, a binder or the like.
  • the present inventors have conducted extensive research on a modification of such conventional rigid 2-cyanoacrylates to obtain a flexible cured product. As a result, they have succeeded in obtaining a 2-cyanoacrylate which can be cured to give a flexible product, by introducing a group having an affinity to the main chain structure of the cured product of 2-cyanoacrylate which is a rigid, 1,1-disubstituted vinyl polymer and having a plasticizing effect, into the side chain of the polymer.
  • a 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R 1 is a 1,2-alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms and R 3 is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.
  • a curable composition comprising a stabilizer and the 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the above-mentioned formula (I) or a mixture of said 2-cyanoacrylate and other 2-cyanoacrylate monomer represented by the formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R 4 is an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an alkinyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group; said alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups may optionally have a halogen substituent or an ether linkage; and said alkoxyalkyl group may have a halogen substituent.
  • Examples of the group R 4 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, butyloxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, allyl, propargyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, 2-chlorethyl, trifluorethyl and the like.
  • 2-cyanoacrylate monomer all the usually known 2-cyanoacrylates may be used.
  • the curable composition of this invention When it is intended that the curable composition of this invention be cured by anionic polymerization with moisture, it can serve as an adhesive. When it is intended that an anion-polymerization initiator or a radical polymerization initiator be allowed to be present in the composition, the composition can be applied as paints, various coating materials and molding materials.
  • 2-cyanoacrylates have been produced by reacting a cyanoacetate with formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst such as a secondary amine, a sodium alkoxide or the like to prepare a condensate having a degree of condensation of 5-50, and thermally depolymerizing the condensate at 150°-200° C. in the presence of P 2 O 5 or the like.
  • a basic catalyst such as a secondary amine, a sodium alkoxide or the like
  • the novel 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula (I) of this invention can also be produced by a processs similar to the hitherto known one.
  • the cyanoacetate used in this invention as a starting material is obtained by esterification of cyanoacetic acid with an alcohol or by transesterification between an alkyl cyanoacetate and an alcohol, as shown in the following schemes: ##STR5##
  • Examples of the alcohol represented by HO--R 1 --O--R 2 --O--R 3 used in this invention include diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monopentyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopentyl ether, dipropylene glycol monohexyl ether, dibutylene glycol monomethyl ether, dibutylene glycol monoethyl ether, dibutylene glycol monobutyl ether, mono(3-methoxypropyl)-ethylene glycol, mono(3-methoxybutyl)-ethylene glycol, mono(3-methoxypropyl)-propylene-1,2-gly
  • a cyanoacetate of the above-mentioned alcohol and formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde are condensed in the presence of a catalyst at a molar ratio of 0.5-1.5:1, preferably 0.8-1.2:1, to obtain a condensate.
  • the catalyst is a base or an amine such as piperidine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, morpholine, KOH, NaOH, sodium alkoxide, secondary amine salt or the like, which is used in an amount of 0.001-10 mole%, preferably 0.01-1 mole%, based on the cyanoacetate.
  • the solvent for the reaction there may be used benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, methylchloroform, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, butanol, water or the like.
  • benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, methylchloroform, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, butanol, water or the like When the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20°-150° C., preferably 50°-130° C., a condensate having a degree of condensation of about 5-50 is obtained with formation of condensation water.
  • this condensation reaction mixture is depolymerized either directly or after removal of the condensation catalyst.
  • the depolymerization is carried out at a reaction temperature of 140°-250° C. at a pressure of 0.1-50 mmHg in the presence of 0.01-10% by weight of phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid or the like.
  • the crude cyanoacrylate formed by the depolymerization reaction is again distilled, whereby the cyanoacrylate of this invention having a high purity is obtained.
  • the novel 2-cyanoacrylate of this invention thus obtained is a monomer having a high purity and a low or medium viscosity which is represented by the formula (I).
  • the 2-cyanoacrylate of this invention is a novel compound which can be anion-polymerized with a slight quantity of water, an amine, an alkali or the like or can be radical-polymerized with a peroxide or an azo compound similarly to the hitherto known alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates.
  • the novel 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula (I) of this invention has two ether linkages (--C--O--C--) in the alcohol moiety of the ester and is characterized in that the alkylene group (R 1 of formula (I)) to which the 2-cyanoacryloyl group is directly bonded in an ethylene group, a propylene group or a butylene group connected to the adjacent ether linkage at the 1,2-position.
  • Such a 2-cyanoacrylate is easy to synthesize, high in purity, excellent in storage stability and very effective as an adhesive.
  • 2-cyanoacrylates wherein R 2 of the formula (I) is an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms (in this case, the alkylene group may be 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-one) and R 3 of the formula (I) is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • the novel 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula (I) of this invention is used to form a curable composition which is used as an adhesive or the like, at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, catechol, pyrogallol, phenol, Bisphenol A, anisole, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol (BHT), sulfurous acid (SO 2 ), p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, carbon dioxide gas, thionyl chloride, propane sultone and the like is added as a stabilizer in an amount of 1-10,000 ppm (by weight) and preferably 10-1,000 ppm (by weight).
  • an adhesive having the desired viscosity can be obtained by dissolving a polymer such as alkyl acrylate polymer, for example, polyalkyl acrylates and copolymers of alkyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, styrene, butadiene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate and the like; alkyl methacrylate polymer, for example, polyalkyl methacrylates and copolymers of alkyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate, styrene, butadiene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, and the like; alkyl cyanoacrylate polymer; acetylcellulose, polystyrene or the like into the composition.
  • a polymer such as alkyl acrylate polymer, for example, polyalkyl acrylates
  • a plasticizer may be added if it is necessary.
  • a flexible cured product can be obtained by adding dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl glutarate or the like in an amount of 0-50% by weight based on the weight of the 2-cyanoacrylate.
  • fine particles of, for example, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, boron nitride, polyethylene, Teflon or the like may be added as a filler to improve the bonding strength and adhesion.
  • a fine particle having a size of 0.001-100 ⁇ is added in an amount of 1-30% by weight based on the weight of the 2-cyanoacrylate.
  • a dye or a pigment may be added sometimes.
  • a perfume may also be added for the sake of aromatization.
  • an adhesive in the form of a curable composition comprising the 2-cyanoacrylate of the formula (I) of this invention
  • it is anion-polymerized and cured by the slight quantity of water adsorbed on said surface similarly to the hitherto known alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates, to effect bonding.
  • this adhesive gives a very flexible cured adhesive so that it is effective for bonding flexible materials such as leather, vinyl sheet, rubber, fiber, paper and the like. That is, there is an advantage that the cured adhesive and the neighborhood of the bonded part become as flexible as the bonded material.
  • a hitherto known 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula (II) may be added to the 2-cyanoacrylate of this invention represented by the formula (I) to improve the strength.
  • a higher blending ratio of the novel 2-cyanoacrylate (I) of this invention gives a higher flexibility
  • a higher blending ratio of the hitherto known 2-cyanoacrylate (II) gives a higher hardness to the cured product.
  • the blending ratio of the novel 2-cyanoacrylate (I) of this invention to the hitherto known 2-cyanoacrylate (II) is in the range of 1-100:99-0, preferably 30-100:70-0 by weight.
  • the novel 2-cyanoacrylate (I) of this invention or its mixture with a hitherto known 2-cyanoacrylate (II) is anion-polymerized by a slight quantity of water.
  • it can also be anion-polymerized by a base or a weak base such as amines, alkalis, phosphines, sulfides, mercaptans, quaternary ammonium salts, water, alcohols or the like to form a polymer having the following skeleton: ##STR7##
  • a base or a weak base such as amines, alkalis, phosphines, sulfides, mercaptans, quaternary ammonium salts, water, alcohols or the like.
  • a base or a weak base such as amines, alkalis, phosphines, sulfides, mercaptans, quaternary ammonium salts, water, alcohols or the like.
  • N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, sodium ethoxide, triethylbenzylammonium chloride and the like are particularly effective.
  • novel 2-cyanoacrylate (I) of this invention is radical-polymerized with a radical initiator, a cured product having the same skeleton as above is obtained.
  • a radical initiator peroxides and azo compounds such as benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile and the like are effective for the radical polymerization of this invention.
  • a photosensitizer such as benzophenone, benzoin monomethyl ether or the like facilitates the photopolymerization.
  • novel 2-cyanoacrylate (I) of this invention can also be radical-copolymerized with almost all kinds of vinyl monomers.
  • the curable composition of this invention comprising the novel 2-cyanoacrylate is useful not only as an adhesive but also as a paint and various coating materials. It can also be used as a molding material or a potting material.
  • the homopolymer and copolymers of the 2-cyanoacrylate of this invention are also applicable to paints, various coating materials, resists, binders, and the like.
  • ABS/ABS 5 seconds
  • This monomer was anion-polymerized with N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine to obtain a polymer.
  • the polymer was transparent and had a flexible nature. Its glass transition temperature (Tg) was -5° C.
  • ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate was anion-polymerized in the same manner as above to obtain a cured product. It was hard and had a T g of 100° C. Further, a cured product of n-hexyl 2-cyanoacrylate was also examined. It was hard and brittle.
  • the 2-(2'-ethoxy)-ethoxyethyl-2"-cyanoacrylate (I) obtained in Example 2 was mixed with ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (II) in a proportion as shown in Table 2, and 50 ppm of sulfurous acid gas and 1,000 ppm of hydroquinone were added thereto to prepare an adhesive. The bonding performances of the adhesives were measured to obtain the results shown in Table 2.
  • Neoprene rubber was selected as a flexible material. Two pieces of neoprene rubber were bonded to each other with a 2-cyanoacrylate adhesive as shown in Table 3 and the tensile shear strength of bond was measured according to JIS K 6861-1977. The results obtained were as shown in Table 3.
  • Test piece neoprene rubber: 3 ⁇ 25 ⁇ 100 mm
  • Bonding conditions 23 ⁇ 1° C., 60 ⁇ 2% RH, aging for 24 hours.
  • An adhesive obtained by adding 50 ppm of SO 2 thereto had a setting time of 45 seconds on rigid polyvinyl chloride and gave a flexible cured product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US06/244,276 1980-03-27 1981-03-16 Novel 2-cyanoacrylate, process for producing same and curable composition comprising same Expired - Lifetime US4364876A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP3817480A JPS56135455A (en) 1980-03-27 1980-03-27 Novel 2-cyanoacrylate and curable composition
JP55-38174 1980-03-27

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JP (1) JPS56135455A (Direct)
CA (1) CA1161062A (Direct)
DE (1) DE3111974A1 (Direct)
FR (1) FR2479208B1 (Direct)
GB (1) GB2073183B (Direct)
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MX (1) MX157722A (Direct)

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FR2479208A1 (fr) 1981-10-02
IE810571L (en) 1981-09-27
JPS6113702B2 (Direct) 1986-04-15
GB2073183A (en) 1981-10-14
FR2479208B1 (fr) 1985-08-16
MX157722A (es) 1988-12-13
CA1161062A (en) 1984-01-24
IE51033B1 (en) 1986-09-17
GB2073183B (en) 1984-06-20
JPS56135455A (en) 1981-10-22
DE3111974A1 (de) 1982-02-18

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