US4355856A - Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating - Google Patents
Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4355856A US4355856A US06/194,491 US19449180A US4355856A US 4355856 A US4355856 A US 4355856A US 19449180 A US19449180 A US 19449180A US 4355856 A US4355856 A US 4355856A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- circuit board
- printed circuit
- base
- electrical connector
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/70—Coupling devices
- H01R12/82—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force
- H01R12/85—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures
- H01R12/87—Coupling devices connected with low or zero insertion force contact pressure producing means, contacts activated after insertion of printed circuits or like structures acting automatically by insertion of rigid printed or like structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/26—Connections in which at least one of the connecting parts has projections which bite into or engage the other connecting part in order to improve the contact
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
- H01R4/50—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw
- H01R4/5008—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw using rotatable cam
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electrical connector and more particularly to a low insertion force connector having a contact arrangement which provides a good electrical contact and permits the use of non-noble metals.
- These connectors generally include a housing which is bolted or otherwise affixed to the backpanel, and the housing is formed with a longitudinal slot for receiving one edge of the printed circuit board or the like.
- the connector is provided with a plurality of individual interconnection elements each of which is adapted to suitably contact the backpanel on one end, and to suitably contact the printed circuit board or the like on the other end.
- the electrical connections provided by these interconnection elements are formed in various well known manners with the connections to the backpanel being relatively permanent in comparison to the connections made with the printed circuit board or the like.
- the interconnection elements are formed so that one end of each interconnection element protrudes through the backpanel and wire-wrapped or otherwise connected.
- Connections between the interconnection element and the PCB or the like are generally made by mechanically biasing the interconnection elements of the connector into engagement with the edge contacts of the printed circuit board or the like. This mechanical biasing force serves two purposes, the first being to provide the electrical connections and the second being to grip the printed circuit board or the like, and thus hold the PCB or the like in the connector. It should be apparent that the biasing force exerted by the interconnecting elements must be relatively high to insure that good conductive contacts are made and maintained.
- the high biasing force causes a high insertion force of the PCB or the like which becomes excessive when the number of the interconnection elements of the connector is of a large quantity, the problem of the high insertion force being the impetus behind the development of zero insertion force and low insertion force connectors.
- the electrical connector for connecting to an edge contact of a printed circuit board or the like, includes a pin made of an electrically conductive resilient material and a carrier, made of an electrically insulative material which is actuated by insertion of the printed circuit board or the like.
- a lever made of an electrically conductive material and being partially encased within the carrier, has two ends which are pointed or edged.
- the carrier is positioned within the electrical connector such that the first end of the lever makes a first contact point with the edge contact when the carrier is actuated by an insertion of the printed circuit board or the like.
- the carrier continues a rotation motion as the printed circuit board or the like is further inserted, and the second end of the lever makes a second contact point with the pin.
- the second end of the lever causes the pin to be deflected as a result of the rotation motion of the carrier. The deflection causes a force to be transmitted through the first and second contact points, thereby to permit a piercing action to occur at the first and second contact points.
- a specific embodiment of the electrical connector includes an electrically insulative housing which has two sidewalls, a front wall, a back wall, a top wall, and a base whose base centerline is along a surface of the base and parallel to the front and back walls, the surface of the base forming an inside surface of the electrically insulative housing.
- the top wall has an aperture centered in the top wall for receiving a printed circuit board or the like having a plurality of terminal strips.
- the electrically insulative housing has a cavity formed by the two sidewalls, the front wall, the back wall, the top wall and the base.
- a plurality of electrically conductive pins are arranged in two rows and are sufficiently flexible for providing a cantilever action.
- the two rows are along the base, parallel to and on opposite, equidistant sides of the base centerline.
- Each of the plurality of electrically conductive pins are affixed in and perpendicular to the base, spaced equally apart within the row, and extend through the base a sufficient length to permit external connections to be made to the plurality of electrically conductive pins.
- the pins further extend into the cavity a sufficient length to maintain an operative connection to the corresponding terminal strip of the printed circuit board or the like when the printed circuit board or the like is fully inserted into the electrical connector.
- Connecting carriers are each positioned within the cavity for completing the operative connection between each of the plurality of electrically conductive pins to a corresponding one of the terminal strips of the printed circuit board or the like. The insertion of the printed circuit board or the like causes the connecting carriers to rotate thereby causing the connecting carriers to complete the operative connection.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded partial section view of the total connector assembly
- FIG. 2 is an end-view cross-section of the connector assembly of FIG. 1 taken along the section line II--II without the printed circuit board inserted;
- FIG. 2A is a magnified view of the encircled contact point of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 3 is the end-view cross-section of the FIG. 2 connector with the printed circuit board partially inserted;
- FIG. 4 is the end-view cross-section of the FIG. 2 connector with the printed circuit board inserted further than shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is the end-view cross-section of the FIG. 2 connector with the printed circuit board inserted further than shown in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is the end-view cross-section of the FIG. 2 connector with the printed circuit board fully inserted
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are a cross-sectional view of a partial connector taken along section line I--I of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the carriers
- FIG. 9 is an end-view cross-section of the connector with another alternative embodiment of the carriers showing alignment fins.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the alternative embodiment of the carriers of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 1 is a partial exploded section view of the total connector assembly and FIG. 2 is an end-view cross-section of the connector 1 without the printed circuit board or the like inserted.
- the connector housing comprising a top wall 10, a front wall 11, a back wall 12, two side walls 13 (one is shown in FIG. 1) having a groove 33 for guiding the insertion of a printed circuit board, and a base 14, is shown which is made of an electrically insulative material.
- the walls and base of the connector housing form a hollow or cavity 17 within the connector 1.
- Top wall 10 has an opening 15 for permitting the insertion of a printed circuit board (PCB) 16 or the like into the connector 1, the PCB 16 having edge contacts or terminal strips 26.
- PCB printed circuit board
- two rows of pins 18 are permanently fixed in the base 14 which extends a length outside the connector housing 19 through the base 14 and into the cavity 17.
- the two rows are on opposite sides of a base centerline 20 and equidistant therefrom, the base centerline 20 being on the base surface and parallel to the front wall 11 and the back wall 12.
- the pins 18 are spaced apart equally within the row. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that many alternative configurations may be devised within the true scope of the invention, including, a single pin, a single row of pins, or a row or rows of pins not spaced apart equally.
- each pin 18 there is an electrically conductive lever 21 for each pin 18 providing the interconnection between the edge contact 26 and the pin 18, each lever 21 being partially encased in a lever carrier 22, or simply referred to herein as a carrier 22, made of an electrically insulative material, with both ends of the lever 21 extending outside the carrier 22 and both ends having a sharp point or edge.
- a lever carrier 22 or simply referred to herein as a carrier 22, made of an electrically insulative material, with both ends of the lever 21 extending outside the carrier 22 and both ends having a sharp point or edge.
- Each pin 18 extends far enough into the cavity 17 such that the corresponding lever 21 always maintains pin contact.
- Two carriers 22 are positioned within cavity 17, such that the levers can rotate in a plane substantially perpendicular to the base centerline 20.
- the pin 18 is capable of being deflected as a cantilever beam when a force is applied, the cantilever beam action to be described hereinunder. In the ready state, i.e.
- the two carriers 22 are held in position by the force exerted by the pins 18.
- the pins 18 in the ready state are slightly deflected causing the two carrier surfaces 24 to press against one another, thereby holding carriers 22 in equilibrium between the pins 18.
- the sharp edges of the levers 21 hold the levers 21 at a fixed point on the pins 18.
- a notch 25 can be placed in pin 18 to insure the lever 21/pin 18 position is maintained, the notch 25 being configured so as not to interfere with lever 21 rotation.
- the other end of the lever 21 is just outside opening 15 and may be in contact with the inside surface of top wall 10.
- the carrier 22 is so shaped that it doesn't interfere with the lever 21/pin 18 contact during any lever 21 rotation, the rotation of the lever 21 will be described in detail hereinunder.
- the carrier 22 is further shaped such that a portion of the carrier 22 extends in the path taken by the PCB 16 during insertion.
- the levers 21, pins 18, and edge contacts 26 may be made of an electrically conductive noble or non-noble metal. Again it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that, although the preferred embodiment shows the ends of the lever 21 having a chisel-like end configuration, the ends of the lever 21 may be configured to many different shapes while providing a good contact point with the pin 18 and the edge contact 26 respectively, the shapes including pointed, square edged, conical, and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows the connector 1 in the ready state.
- the levers 21 are in the position as mentioned above such that the PCB 16 can travel beyond the edges of levers 21 to the point depicted by PCB 16' where initial contact is made with carriers 22, the carriers 22 being shaped such that a portion extends in the path of travel of PCB 16 as mentioned above.
- FIG. 3 shows the connector 1 in which the PCB 16 has traveled a sufficient distance to cause rotation of the carriers 22 such that the edges of the levers 21, which were shown initially resting upon the inner surface of top wall 10, are presently making contact at contact points 45 with their corresponding edge contacts 26 (or terminal strips) of PCB 16. Such rotation also causes a force against pins 18 by lever 21, thereby initiating a deflection of pins 18 from the initial or ready state.
- PCB 16 is further inserted into connector 1, the leading edge of PCB 16 continues to push against carriers 22, and together with the contact point 45 made between levers 21 and edge contacts 26, the carriers 22 are rotated further, the initial contact points 45 being maintained throughout insertion of PCB 16 by the knife-like action of the sharp edges of levers 21.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show interim positions of PCB travel during insertion and FIG. 6 shows the PCB 16 fully inserted, the PCB 16 travel being stopped by a block 27. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that alternative means may be included for stopping the PCB 16 travel, including a step 34 in groove 33 (reference FIG. 1).
- FIG. 5 shows the levers 21 having rotated perpendicular to the PCB 16 causing the maximum deflection of pins 18. From a lever position beyond the perpendicular, there exists a small component of force along the PCB 16 travel path which results in a latching action of the PCB 16. The force required for insertion is that force required to overcome the small force component along the PCB travel path.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are a cross-sectional view of a partial connector 1 taken along section line I--I of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7A shows levers 21A through 21D mounted in carrier 22 and by some error, shows lever 21A extending farther out of carrier 22 than levers 21B, 21C, and 21D on the side making contact with PCB 16.
- lever 21A has created a high-spot thereby preventing levers 21B, 21C, and 21D from making any contact with their corresponding edge contacts 26.
- Pins 18A through 18D press against their respective levers 21A through 21D, pin 18A being the only pin benefitting from the cantilever action.
- the levers 21 can be loosely fitted into the carrier 22, permitting the lever 21 to travel along its length, as indicated by the arrows of FIG. 7B, within the carrier 22. In this manner the lever 21 is responsive to the cantilever action of its respective pin 18 nullifying the effect of the high-spot.
- each lever 21 is mounted in its own individual carrier 41, as shown in FIG. 8.
- the lever 21 may be affixed within carrier 41 since the levers 21 will not be subject to a high-spot, each lever 21 being free to rotate independent of the other.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show an alternative embodiment which includes fins 52 which is part of the carrier 22, the fins 52 being formed on the carrier 22 along the carrier length for every few pins.
- the fins 52 are configured complementary to each other such that the carriers 22 may close as shown in FIG. 2, and such that the carriers 22 may be fully opened as shown in FIG. 6 without interfering with pins 18.
- a slot 51 is made in block 27 to permit the carriers 22 to open unimpeded, the slot 51 placement corresponding to the placement of the fins 52.
- the fins 52 are utilized to assist in holding the alignment of the carriers 22 such that the axis of rotation of the carriers 22 remains parallel to the base centerline.
Landscapes
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/194,491 US4355856A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1980-10-06 | Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating |
ZA816408A ZA816408B (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-15 | Electrical connector |
CA000386040A CA1159529A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-16 | Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating |
AU76498/81A AU545096B2 (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Electrical connector |
PCT/US1981/001279 WO1982001280A1 (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Electrical connector |
EP81902789A EP0060882B1 (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Electrical connector |
AT81902789T ATE14641T1 (de) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Elektrisches verbindungsstueck. |
DE8181902789T DE3171596D1 (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Electrical connector |
DE1981902789 DE60882T1 (de) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | Elektrisches verbindungsstueck. |
JP56503253A JPS57501556A (ja) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-09-18 | |
BE0/206170A BE890632A (fr) | 1980-10-06 | 1981-10-05 | Connecteur electrique |
DK252182A DK252182A (da) | 1980-10-06 | 1982-06-04 | Elektrisk ledningsforbindelser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/194,491 US4355856A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1980-10-06 | Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4355856A true US4355856A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
Family
ID=22717803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/194,491 Expired - Lifetime US4355856A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1980-10-06 | Low insertion force connector using non-noble metal contact plating |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4355856A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0060882B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS57501556A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU545096B2 (ja) |
BE (1) | BE890632A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1159529A (ja) |
DK (1) | DK252182A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1982001280A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA816408B (ja) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4448466A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-05-15 | Ncr Corporation | Low insertion force connector for printed circuit boards |
US4488766A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-12-18 | Amp Incorporated | High density zero insertion force connector |
US4522456A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-06-11 | Datakey, Inc. | Electronic tag receptacle and reader |
US20030071642A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-04-17 | Cram Daniel P. | High speed pass through test system and test method for electronic modules |
US6727715B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2004-04-27 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test system and test contactor for electronic modules having beam spring contacts |
US20060206161A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Duke University | Miniaturized high-density multichannel electrode array for long-term neuronal recordings |
US20100264218A1 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2010-10-21 | Datakey Electronics, Inc | Data carrier system and method |
USD649486S1 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2011-11-29 | ATEK Products , LLC | Electronic token and data carrier |
USD649895S1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier |
USD649896S1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier receptacle |
USD649894S1 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier |
US8573500B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-11-05 | ATEK Products, LLC. | Data carrier system having a compact footprint and methods of manufacturing the same |
US10310033B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-04 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Plug connector for use in a magnetic resonance device |
US10587060B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2020-03-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electrical contacts on the sidewall of a circuit board |
US11189949B2 (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-11-30 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Electrical connection devices for high power applications |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8521843D0 (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1985-10-09 | Bicc Plc | Circuit board connector |
US4700998A (en) * | 1986-08-19 | 1987-10-20 | Northern Telecom Limited | Multiple contact connector having a low insertion force |
JPH0424625Y2 (ja) * | 1987-11-11 | 1992-06-10 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2920163A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1960-01-05 | William J Johnson | Electrical connector for building panels |
DE2423266A1 (de) * | 1973-05-18 | 1974-12-05 | Socapex | Reibungsfreie steckverbindungen fuer gedruckte schaltungen |
SU493946A1 (ru) * | 1972-03-03 | 1975-11-28 | Предприятие П/Я В-8657 | Контактное устройство |
US4118094A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-03 | Trw Inc. | Zero-entry force connector |
SU639056A1 (ru) * | 1977-08-18 | 1978-12-25 | Предприятие П/Я В-2203 | Электрический разъем |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2825037A (en) * | 1955-02-04 | 1958-02-25 | Harry H French | Printed-circuit card clamp |
JPS4422981B1 (ja) * | 1966-04-04 | 1969-09-30 | ||
US3478301A (en) * | 1967-04-06 | 1969-11-11 | Itt | Low insertion force cam-actuated printed circuit board connector |
-
1980
- 1980-10-06 US US06/194,491 patent/US4355856A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-09-15 ZA ZA816408A patent/ZA816408B/xx unknown
- 1981-09-16 CA CA000386040A patent/CA1159529A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-18 AU AU76498/81A patent/AU545096B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-09-18 WO PCT/US1981/001279 patent/WO1982001280A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1981-09-18 EP EP81902789A patent/EP0060882B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-09-18 JP JP56503253A patent/JPS57501556A/ja active Pending
- 1981-10-05 BE BE0/206170A patent/BE890632A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-06-04 DK DK252182A patent/DK252182A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2920163A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1960-01-05 | William J Johnson | Electrical connector for building panels |
SU493946A1 (ru) * | 1972-03-03 | 1975-11-28 | Предприятие П/Я В-8657 | Контактное устройство |
DE2423266A1 (de) * | 1973-05-18 | 1974-12-05 | Socapex | Reibungsfreie steckverbindungen fuer gedruckte schaltungen |
US4118094A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-03 | Trw Inc. | Zero-entry force connector |
SU639056A1 (ru) * | 1977-08-18 | 1978-12-25 | Предприятие П/Я В-2203 | Электрический разъем |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4448466A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-05-15 | Ncr Corporation | Low insertion force connector for printed circuit boards |
US4488766A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-12-18 | Amp Incorporated | High density zero insertion force connector |
US4522456A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-06-11 | Datakey, Inc. | Electronic tag receptacle and reader |
US7123036B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2006-10-17 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test method for electronic modules |
US7279915B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2007-10-09 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test method for electronic modules using movable test contactors |
US6727715B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2004-04-27 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test system and test contactor for electronic modules having beam spring contacts |
US20070159188A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2007-07-12 | Cram Daniel P | Method for testing electronic modules using board with test contactors having beam contacts |
US20040140823A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2004-07-22 | Cram Daniel P. | Test system, test contactor, and test method for electronic modules |
US20050057269A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Cram Daniel P. | Test method for electronic modules |
US6888364B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2005-05-03 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test system and test contactor for electronic modules |
US20050280430A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2005-12-22 | Cram Daniel P | Test method for electronic modules using movable test contactors |
US6756802B2 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2004-06-29 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test system for electronic modules having contactors with spring segment terminal portions |
US6741091B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2004-05-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Test method for electronic modules using contractors and conductive polymer contacts |
US20030071642A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-04-17 | Cram Daniel P. | High speed pass through test system and test method for electronic modules |
US20060206161A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Duke University | Miniaturized high-density multichannel electrode array for long-term neuronal recordings |
US7983756B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2011-07-19 | Duke University | Miniaturized high-density multichannel electrode array for long-term neuronal recordings |
US20100264218A1 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2010-10-21 | Datakey Electronics, Inc | Data carrier system and method |
USD649894S1 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier |
USD649895S1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier |
USD649896S1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-12-06 | Atek Products, Llc | Electronic token and data carrier receptacle |
US8573500B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-11-05 | ATEK Products, LLC. | Data carrier system having a compact footprint and methods of manufacturing the same |
USD649486S1 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2011-11-29 | ATEK Products , LLC | Electronic token and data carrier |
US10310033B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-04 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Plug connector for use in a magnetic resonance device |
US10587060B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2020-03-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electrical contacts on the sidewall of a circuit board |
US11189949B2 (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-11-30 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Electrical connection devices for high power applications |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1159529A (en) | 1983-12-27 |
DK252182A (da) | 1982-06-04 |
JPS57501556A (ja) | 1982-08-26 |
BE890632A (fr) | 1982-02-01 |
WO1982001280A1 (en) | 1982-04-15 |
EP0060882A1 (en) | 1982-09-29 |
AU7649881A (en) | 1982-04-28 |
EP0060882A4 (en) | 1983-04-18 |
AU545096B2 (en) | 1985-06-27 |
ZA816408B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
EP0060882B1 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
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