US4352841A - Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding - Google Patents

Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding Download PDF

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Publication number
US4352841A
US4352841A US06/284,318 US28431881A US4352841A US 4352841 A US4352841 A US 4352841A US 28431881 A US28431881 A US 28431881A US 4352841 A US4352841 A US 4352841A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resin
metal surface
metal
pretreatment material
surfactant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/284,318
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English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm R. Bowditch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Energy
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Energy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Energy filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Energy
Assigned to SECRETARY OF THE STATE FOR ENERGY IN HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND THE, reassignment SECRETARY OF THE STATE FOR ENERGY IN HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND THE, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BOWDITCH, MALCOLM R.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4352841A publication Critical patent/US4352841A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/10—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
    • B05D3/102—Pretreatment of metallic substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the formation of bonds between metal surfaces and adherent resin materials such as adhesives and paints.
  • An adsorbed contaminant on a metal surface generally reduces the strength of a resin bond to that surface. Moreover, the degree of reduction in strength will vary between bonds, since the degree of adsorption of the contaminant on the metal surface varies in an unpredictable way. The result is that resin-metal bonds exhibit unpredictable and degraded strength properties due to a contaminant. This is particularly true in the case of water-contaminated metal-resin bonds, such as bonds produced under water. When for example it is desired to form metal-resin bonds underwater for the purposes of repairing submerged structures, it is important that bonds can be made which are both strong and reliable, since the consequences of repair failure due to an unsuspected weak bond may be disastrous. The conventional underwater repair technique of cleaning the metal surface followed by applying resin does not provide acceptably strong reliable bonds.
  • the method of the invention is employed to bond an adherent resin material to a steel surface in an underwater environment.
  • the steel surface is cleaned, prior to coating with the pretreatment material, by compressed air to remove bulk water, and subsequently grit blasted to remove the outer steel surface.
  • the pretreatment material is subsequently sprayed on to the cleaned steel surface; the material is preferentially (as compared to water) soluble in the resin, and preferably consists of a solution of a surfactant and petroleum jelly in either white spirit or white spirit and solvent naptha.
  • the method of the invention when used under sea water to make a steel/resin/bond, improves the failure strength by better than a factor of three as compared to conventional techniques. Moreover, the standard deviation is improved from 25% of the mean to 6%, a factor of four. Accordingly, considerably stronger joints are provided with considerably greater reliability.
  • the strength of a repair to a damaged or corroded structural member is extremely important. Furthermore, it is highly necessary to achieve a given strength reliably, since the consequences of unreliable repairs may be disastrous.
  • the method of the invention was also employed for the purposes of resin bonding to aluminum alloy, aluminum bronze and stainless steel.
  • tests were carried out under sea water using the formulated pretreatment material, UW45 resin, grit blasting, bonding and test procedures as hereinbefore set out for steel.
  • similar bonds were made conventionally in air using surfaces cleaned by careful blasting with clean grit, but without using a pretreatment material coating. The results are set out in Table 1.
  • the invention provides aluminum bronze or alloy bonds made under sea water with resin adhesive which are as strong as those produced by conventional methods in air. With stainless steel, the invention produces an underwater bond strength of about three quarters that of the conventionally-produced value in air. Furthermore, in all cases the standard deviation is reduced by between 1/3 and 2/3 indicating increased reliability.
  • metal/resin bonds indicates that underwater bonds may generally be expected to be in the region of one third as strong as and less reliable than similar bonds made in air. Accordingly, these results indicate improved strength and reliability for metal/resin bonds made in accordance with the invention as compared to those produced by conventional techniques.
  • the formulated pretreatment material hereinbefore set out has been produced specifically for the purposes of removing adsorbed water from metal surfaces while remaining soluble in the resin to be bonded.
  • the hydrocarbon solvent White spirit or White spirit/solvent naphtha mixture
  • the surfactant is included to displace water thus allowing the solvent to wet the metal surface and the petroleum jelly is added to increase viscosity so that the pretreatment coating is mechanically more difficult to remove by the surrounding water environment.
  • the formulated pretreatment material is compatible (chemically inert) with metals, is soluble in or displaceable by the resin employed and is immiscible with water.
  • Pretreatment should follow as soon as possible after cleaning, and under water may advantageously be performed with the aid of a cone-shaped air pressure outlet having two discrete operating zones, a forward zone and a rear zone. Both zones are connected to the pressurized air supply.
  • the forward zone is arranged to supply abrasive grit and the rear zone atomized pretreatment material, carried in the respective airstream in either case.
  • the outlet cone may be swept over the metal surface to provide a continuous treatment in which each surface portion is first cleaned and then pretreated. Flow-rates, outlet distance from metal surface, and pretreatment constituents may be optimized for a particular application by performing simple tests in individual circumstances.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US06/284,318 1980-07-30 1981-07-17 Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding Expired - Lifetime US4352841A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8024896 1980-07-30
GB8024896 1980-07-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4352841A true US4352841A (en) 1982-10-05

Family

ID=10515141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/284,318 Expired - Lifetime US4352841A (en) 1980-07-30 1981-07-17 Surface pre-treatment prior to underwater bonding

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4352841A (fr)
EP (1) EP0047054B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5755979A (fr)
CA (1) CA1164284A (fr)
DE (1) DE3169032D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK154400C (fr)
ES (1) ES8300817A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2083377B (fr)
IE (1) IE51758B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO160056C (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4787942A (en) * 1987-01-27 1988-11-29 Wray Daniel X Method for preparing reactive metal surface
US5045359A (en) * 1980-08-27 1991-09-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition and method for corrosion inhibition of metal surface with epoxy resin and an N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane curing agent
US5344674A (en) * 1980-08-27 1994-09-06 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition and method for corrosion inhibition utilizing an epoxy resin, an amine curing agent, an alcohol and optionally a hydrocarbon diluent
US20060000183A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2006-01-05 Farwest Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for anticorrosive coating
US20070178236A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2007-08-02 Larsen N T Method and apparatus for anti-corrosive coating
US20140303717A1 (en) * 1997-04-18 2014-10-09 Cordis Corporation Methods and Devices for Delivering Therapeutic Agents to Target Vessels
CN112662322A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 四川大学 利用溶剂促进胶带或粘接剂在水下进行粘接的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8616877D0 (en) * 1986-07-10 1986-08-20 Scottish & Newcastle Breweries Cleaning metallic surface

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2636257A (en) * 1950-09-23 1953-04-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protective finish for metals
US2669546A (en) * 1949-12-23 1954-02-16 Alrose Chemical Company Detergents containing imidazoline lactates
FR1055872A (fr) 1951-03-28 1954-02-23 Commission Administrative Du P élément de construction en acier résistant à la corrosion et procédé de revêtement des constructions
GB835072A (en) * 1957-07-31 1960-05-18 Ici Ltd Process for drying metal articles
FR1327755A (fr) 1962-02-28 1963-05-24 Shell Int Research Procédé de formation d'un revêtement résistant à la corrosion sur une surface mouillée d'eau
DE1209402B (de) * 1957-07-31 1966-01-20 Ici Ltd Entfernung von waessrigen Fluessigkeitsschichten auf nicht absorbierenden Oberflaechen
DE1546098A1 (de) * 1963-10-03 1970-10-08 Chemoreform Etablissement Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Metalloberflaechen
NL7512036A (nl) 1975-10-14 1977-04-18 Akzo Nv Werkwijze voor het bekleden onder water van metaaloppervlakken.
US4170579A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-10-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Coating compositions comprising aqueous dispersions of quaternary ammonium base group-containing polymers and a curing agent
GB2040732A (en) 1979-01-02 1980-09-03 Lovell R Protecting metal bodies from corrosion
US4273598A (en) * 1977-01-20 1981-06-16 The Secretary Of State In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Methods of making adhesive bonds

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2669546A (en) * 1949-12-23 1954-02-16 Alrose Chemical Company Detergents containing imidazoline lactates
US2636257A (en) * 1950-09-23 1953-04-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Protective finish for metals
FR1055872A (fr) 1951-03-28 1954-02-23 Commission Administrative Du P élément de construction en acier résistant à la corrosion et procédé de revêtement des constructions
GB835072A (en) * 1957-07-31 1960-05-18 Ici Ltd Process for drying metal articles
DE1209402B (de) * 1957-07-31 1966-01-20 Ici Ltd Entfernung von waessrigen Fluessigkeitsschichten auf nicht absorbierenden Oberflaechen
FR1327755A (fr) 1962-02-28 1963-05-24 Shell Int Research Procédé de formation d'un revêtement résistant à la corrosion sur une surface mouillée d'eau
DE1546098A1 (de) * 1963-10-03 1970-10-08 Chemoreform Etablissement Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Metalloberflaechen
NL7512036A (nl) 1975-10-14 1977-04-18 Akzo Nv Werkwijze voor het bekleden onder water van metaaloppervlakken.
US4170579A (en) * 1976-11-24 1979-10-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Coating compositions comprising aqueous dispersions of quaternary ammonium base group-containing polymers and a curing agent
US4273598A (en) * 1977-01-20 1981-06-16 The Secretary Of State In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Methods of making adhesive bonds
GB2040732A (en) 1979-01-02 1980-09-03 Lovell R Protecting metal bodies from corrosion

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Surface Preparation of Metals, Spencer, L. F., Metal Finishing, v. 58, No. 6, Jun. 1960, 53-58. *
World Surface Coating Abstracts, vol. 51, Abstract #78/2598, No. 430, Apr. 1978, Drisko. *
World Surface Coating Abstracts, vol. 51, Abstract #78/2603, No. 430, Apr. 1978, Grimes. *
World Surface Coating Abstracts, vol. 52, Abstract #79/5428, No. 446, Aug. 1979, Yakovlev et al. *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5045359A (en) * 1980-08-27 1991-09-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition and method for corrosion inhibition of metal surface with epoxy resin and an N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane curing agent
US5344674A (en) * 1980-08-27 1994-09-06 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition and method for corrosion inhibition utilizing an epoxy resin, an amine curing agent, an alcohol and optionally a hydrocarbon diluent
US4787942A (en) * 1987-01-27 1988-11-29 Wray Daniel X Method for preparing reactive metal surface
US20140303717A1 (en) * 1997-04-18 2014-10-09 Cordis Corporation Methods and Devices for Delivering Therapeutic Agents to Target Vessels
US20060000183A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2006-01-05 Farwest Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for anticorrosive coating
US20070178236A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2007-08-02 Larsen N T Method and apparatus for anti-corrosive coating
CN112662322A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 四川大学 利用溶剂促进胶带或粘接剂在水下进行粘接的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1164284A (fr) 1984-03-27
NO160056C (no) 1989-03-08
NO812601L (no) 1982-02-01
DK154400C (da) 1989-04-10
DK332681A (da) 1982-01-31
EP0047054B1 (fr) 1985-02-20
GB2083377B (en) 1983-12-21
IE811725L (en) 1982-01-30
DE3169032D1 (en) 1985-03-28
ES504394A0 (es) 1982-11-01
NO160056B (no) 1988-11-28
GB2083377A (en) 1982-03-24
EP0047054A1 (fr) 1982-03-10
IE51758B1 (en) 1987-03-18
JPS5755979A (en) 1982-04-03
DK154400B (da) 1988-11-14
ES8300817A1 (es) 1982-11-01

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