US434049A - Hiram stevens maxim - Google Patents
Hiram stevens maxim Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US434049A US434049A US434049DA US434049A US 434049 A US434049 A US 434049A US 434049D A US434049D A US 434049DA US 434049 A US434049 A US 434049A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- gun
- cotton
- nitro
- explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 38
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 28
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 22
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229960001777 Castor Oil Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
- C06B25/24—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with nitroglycerine
- C06B25/26—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with nitroglycerine with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
Definitions
- My invention relates to the manufacture of explosive compounds, and comprises improvements whereby I am enabled to so modify the explosive properties of such compounds that the said compounds will burn slowly and Will act very efficiently in rifles and other firearms-that is to say, they will impart a very high muzzle velocity to the projectile without at any time subjecting the gun-barrel to ex cessive pressure.
- Castor-oil moreover makes the explosive compound very tough and of such nature that it can be easily cut and easily pressed, and effectually prevents its deterioration under atmospheric influences.
- I produce an explosive compound which is advantageous for various purposes by mixing the gun-cotton, the nitro-glycerine, nitro-gelatine, or similar substance and the castor-oil in or about in the following proportions, viz: from two to five per cent. of the castor-oil, from ten to sixteen per cent. of the nitroglycerine or the like, and the remainder of gun-cotton.
- I can thus make an explosive compound which when out into small pieces answers very Well as a smokeless powder for rifles, the oil efiectually preventing detonation and regulating or modifying, as may be required, the rapidity with which the said compound will burn.
- My improved explosive compound is advantageously manufactured as follows, that is to say, I first dissolve gun-cotton or trinitro-cellulose in acetone, ethylic acetate, or a similar solvent, either in a liquid state or in the form of vapor, until the said gun-cotton is brought to a sufficiently thin consistence, and I then add to the dissolved gun-cotton the nitroglycerine or nitrogelatine, and after that the castor-oil, and thoroughly incorporate these substances, or the castor-oil may be dissolved in a portion of the acetone or other solvent before the said solvent is added to the guncotton.
- the said cylinder is rotated until the fibers of the gun-cotton are uniformly Wet With the said mixture. In this condition the gun-cotton is not explosive.
- the gun-cotton thus mixed with the nitro-glycerine or nitro-gelatine and oil is then placed in a closed cylinder or press, the air is exhausted from the said cylinder or press, and its place supplied by the vapor of acetone, ethylic acetate, or other solvent.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
UN ITED STATES PATENT Orrlcn.
HIRAIWI STEVENS MAXIM, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 434,049, dated August 12, 1890. Application filed March 4, 1890. Serial No. 342,643. (No specimens) Patented in England March 14, 1889, No. 4,477-
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, HIRAM STEVENS MAXIM, mechanical engineer, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of London, England, have invented certain new and us 9- ful Improvements in the Man ufacture of Explosive Compounds, (for which I have ob tained a patent in Great Britain, No. 4,477, dated March 14, 1889,) of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to the manufacture of explosive compounds, and comprises improvements whereby I am enabled to so modify the explosive properties of such compounds that the said compounds will burn slowly and Will act very efficiently in rifles and other firearms-that is to say, they will impart a very high muzzle velocity to the projectile without at any time subjecting the gun-barrel to ex cessive pressure.
In the manufacture of explosive compounds according to my present invention I mix dissolved gun-cotton or pyroxyline with nitroglycerine, nitro-gelatine, or similar material, and with oil, preferably castor-oil. I have discovered that the addition of an oil such as caster-oil to compounds of dissolved guncotton and nitro-glycerine, nitro-gelatine, or the like increases the toughness of the product and modifies the explosive properties thereof, while greatly diminishing its liability to deterioration by exposure to the, atmosphere. I prefer to employ castor-oil, because it is soluble bymeans of the solvents which are employed for dissolving the gun-cotton and nitro-glycerine or nitro-gelatine. It combines with either of these substances, forming a compound which is unlike either of the said substances alone, and, as it contains oxygen, it requires a smaller supply of oxygen from other sources to consume it, and also has lesstendency to produce smoke than other oils, while, like them, it modifies the explosion.
Castor-oil, moreover makes the explosive compound very tough and of such nature that it can be easily cut and easily pressed, and effectually prevents its deterioration under atmospheric influences.
I produce an explosive compound which is advantageous for various purposes by mixing the gun-cotton, the nitro-glycerine, nitro-gelatine, or similar substance and the castor-oil in or about in the following proportions, viz: from two to five per cent. of the castor-oil, from ten to sixteen per cent. of the nitroglycerine or the like, and the remainder of gun-cotton. I can thus make an explosive compound which when out into small pieces answers very Well as a smokeless powder for rifles, the oil efiectually preventing detonation and regulating or modifying, as may be required, the rapidity with which the said compound will burn.
My improved explosive compound is advantageously manufactured as follows, that is to say, I first dissolve gun-cotton or trinitro-cellulose in acetone, ethylic acetate, or a similar solvent, either in a liquid state or in the form of vapor, until the said gun-cotton is brought to a sufficiently thin consistence, and I then add to the dissolved gun-cotton the nitroglycerine or nitrogelatine, and after that the castor-oil, and thoroughly incorporate these substances, or the castor-oil may be dissolved in a portion of the acetone or other solvent before the said solvent is added to the guncotton.
According to another method of manufacture, I take thoroughly-dried gun-cotton and place it in a rotary cylinder, wherein it is tumbled with the nitro-glycerine or nitrogelatine and the oil, the said nitro-glycerine or nitro-gelatine and oil being first mixed with a quantity of acetone or other solvent insufficient to dissolve the gun-cotton. The said cylinder is rotated until the fibers of the gun-cotton are uniformly Wet With the said mixture. In this condition the gun-cotton is not explosive. The gun-cotton thus mixed with the nitro-glycerine or nitro-gelatine and oil is then placed in a closed cylinder or press, the air is exhausted from the said cylinder or press, and its place supplied by the vapor of acetone, ethylic acetate, or other solvent.
IVhen the mixture is sufiiciently' dissolved, it 9 is subjected to pressure in the said cylinder or press, and thus forced out through small holes in the form of threads or thin strips which may be cut into small pieces, as de-' scribed in the specification of a former application for Letters Patent of the United States filed by me and dated December 19,A. D.
1888, Serial No. 294,087, or in any other convenient manner. I wish it understood, however, that I do not confine myself to any special method or process for the production of my improved compound of gun-cotton, nitroglycerine, or similar material and oil, as I may manufacture the said compound in various ways.
I sometimes treat the explosive compound in the manner described in the specification of another application for Letters Patent of the United States filed by me March 4, 1890, Serial No. 342,644, for the recovery of the solvents used in the manufacture of the said compound.
What I claim is 1. An explosive compound consisting, essentially, of gun-cotton or pyroxyl-ine mixed with nitro-glycerinc and an oil such as castor-oil, asset forth.
2. The process of manufacturing explosive compounds, which consists in mixing and agitating pyrox'yline or gun-cotton with a compound of nitro-glycerine, castor-oil, and a proportion of a solvent such as acetone in-
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US434049A true US434049A (en) | 1890-08-12 |
Family
ID=2502953
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US434049D Expired - Lifetime US434049A (en) | Hiram stevens maxim |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US434049A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2554179A (en) * | 1946-03-14 | 1951-05-22 | Ici Ltd | Process of producing nitrocellulose and a blasting explosive containing same |
-
0
- US US434049D patent/US434049A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2554179A (en) * | 1946-03-14 | 1951-05-22 | Ici Ltd | Process of producing nitrocellulose and a blasting explosive containing same |
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