RU2284310C1 - Ballistic artillery gun powder (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosive substances.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the development of ballistic artillery gun powder used as a source of energy of artillery projectiles and active-reactive missiles. Invention proposes ballistic artillery gun powder (variant 1) wherein its grains show porous structure and comprising colloxylin, pyroxylin, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine as sensitizing agents, centralite and diphenylamine as stabilizers of chemical stability, technical carbon as an antistatic additive, nitroglycerin and diethylene glycol dinitrate as plasticizers, complex phthalic acid lead-copper salt as a combustion stabilizer, industrial oil, zinc stearate and sulforicinate E as technological additives and fluoroplastic as reinforcing additive. Also, invention proposes ballistic artillery gun powder (variant 2) that apart from components given in variant 1 comprises titanium dioxide as the modifying agent of combustion. Invention is directed to the development of ballistic artillery gun powder possessing high ballistic and strength indices and high chemical stability.

EFFECT: valuable properties of gun powder.

3 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the development of ballistic artillery gunpowder used in the field of artillery technology as a source of energy for artillery projectiles and in active rockets.

Increased demands are placed on artillery gunpowders operating at high temperatures and pressures on the physicomechanical properties, on the impact on the bore during firing, on the increase in service life (increase the chemical resistance of powder grains), on ballistic characteristics (the ability of the powder to produce as large as possible the initial velocity of the projectile at the lowest possible pressure in the channel of the weapon).

The uniformity of the composition of the powder and its physical stability is determined by the correct selection of components and the stability of the manufacturing process of the manufacture of the powder mass.

Gunpowder is known, described in the book of Gorst A.G. "Gunpowder and explosives", Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1972 - 156 p., Table 27, containing: pyroxylin up to 95.0 ÷ 96.0%, plasticizer up to 1.0-4.0%, stabilizer ( diphenylamine) up to 1.0%, phlegmatizer and graphite.

The disadvantages of such powders are:

1. Low mechanical strength of the powder grains due to the high content of pyroxylin with a relatively low plasticizer content and, as a result, insufficient gelation of pyroxylin.

2. The heterogeneity of the composition in the manufacture of gunpowder with a low solvent content.

3. The lack of chemical resistance of the composition and low serviceability due to the presence of a high concentration of nitrogen oxides in pyroxylin.

Ballistic gunpowder is known, described in the book of Budnikov M.A., Levkovich N.A., Bystrov I.V., Sirotinsky V.F., Shester B.I. "Explosives and gunpowder", M .: State Publishing House of the defense industry, 1955 - 268 p., Table 43, containing colloxylin, nitroglycerin, nitrodiglycol, stabilizers - centralite, diphenylamine, acardite, etc., dinitro derivatives, petrolatum, moisture (over 100%), graphite (over 100%), magnesium oxide (over 100%).

The disadvantage of these powders is the presence in their composition of low-nitrogen cellulose nitrates, which reduces their energy characteristics.

Known solid ballistic fuel according to patent RU 1522711, class. From 06 V 25/18 of 12/18/87, containing nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, cesium nitrate, aluminum alloyed with magnesium or a mixture of magnesium, zirconium and titanium, diphenylamine, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, polytetrafluoroethylene and industrial oil.

The disadvantages of this ballistic fuel are:

- high temperature of the combustion products, which increases the likelihood of a barrel height;

- high dependence of the burning rate on the initial temperature and pressure;

- the presence of aluminum and metal oxides in the fuel leads to smoke formation and creates a muzzle flame (flame at the cut of the gun’s barrel) when fired, which unmasks the gun.

The closest in composition, purpose and technical nature is ballistic artillery gunpowder according to the application No. 2003117327 dated 06/09/2003 (patent No. 2253645), containing the following components, wt.%:

pyroxylin or cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 19.0-31.0 centralizes 0.5-2.0 graphite or carbon black 0.1-0.7 nitroglycerine 17.0-21.0 dinitrate diethylene glycol 17.0-21.0 titanium dioxide 1.1-1.5 complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid 0.8-2.0 industrial oil 0.3-0.6 zinc stearate 0.03-0.05 colloxylin rest

In addition, as a technological additive, artillery powder contains sulforicinate E in an amount of up to 0.05 wt.%.

The disadvantages of this gunpowder include:

1. Using as a sensitizer only pyroxylin or only cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine leads to a slight decrease in energy characteristics, mainly to a decrease in the power of gunpowder.

2. The use of only centralite as a stabilizer of chemical resistance does not sufficiently increase chemical resistance and does not sufficiently increase the shelf life of gunpowder.

3. An insufficient increase in the mechanical strength of the grains of gunpowder.

The task of the invention is the development of a new ballistic artillery gunpowder, with increased ballistic and strength characteristics and increased chemical resistance.

The problem is solved due to the fact that

according to the first option:

Ballistic artillery powder, the grains of which have a porous structure, including a sensitizer - colloxylin, pyroxylin, a cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, a stabilizer of chemical resistance - centralit, an antistatic additive - carbon black, plasticizers - nitroglycerin and dinitrate diethylene glycol, a stabilizer, a tortic acid - - industrial oil, zinc stearate and sulforicinate E, additionally contains a reinforcing additive - fluoroplast, and as a the chemical resistance tabulator additionally contains diphenylamine, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Pyroxylin 20.1-21.1 Colloxylin 20.1-21.1 Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 19.0-21.0 Centralit 0.5-0.9 Diphenylamine 0.1-0.5 Carbon black 0.1-0.4 Nitroglycerine 17.0-18.0 Dinitrate diethylene glycol 17.0-18.0 Complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid 0.8-1.2 Industrial oil 0.3-0.7 Zinc stearate 0.01-0.06 Sulforicinate E 0.01-0.08 Ftoroplast 0.2-1.0

According to the second option:

Ballistic artillery powder, the grains of which have a porous structure, including a sensitizer - colloxylin, pyroxylin, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, a stabilizer of chemical resistance - centralite, an antistatic additive - carbon black, plasticizers - nitroglycerin and dinitrate diethylene glycol, a stabilizer, a tortic acid - - industrial oil, zinc stearate and sulforicinate E, combustion modifier - titanium dioxide, additionally contains reinforcing the additive is fluoroplastic, and as a stabilizer of chemical resistance it additionally contains diphenylamine, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Pyroxylin 20.1-21.1 Colloxylin 20.1-21.1 Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 19.0-21.0 Centralit 0.5-0.9 Diphenylamine 0.1-0.5 Carbon black 0.1-0.4 Nitroglycerine 17.0-18.0 Dinitrate diethylene glycol 17.0-18.0 Complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid 0.8-1.2 Industrial oil 0.3-0.7 Zinc stearate 0.01-0.06 Sulforicinate E 0.01-0.08 Ftoroplast 0.2-1.0 Titanium dioxide up to 2

The sensitizer used in the composition is pyroxylin OST B84-2373-87, colloxylin OST B84-2440-90 and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine OST V84-2515-2001.

As a stabilizer of chemical resistance - centralite GOST 2154-74 and diphenylamine GOST 194-80.

Carbon black GOST 7885-86 is used as an antistatic additive.

Nitroglycerin OST 84-2386-88 and dinitrate diethylene glycol OST 84-2386-88 are used as plasticizers.

As a combustion stabilizer - a complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid (FMS) TU 6-09-4705-79.

GOST 20799-88 industrial oil, TU 6-09-17-316-96 zinc stearate, which is a white or slightly yellowish amorphous powder, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol and dilute acids, and sulforicinate are used as technological additives in the composition E TU 2481-004-05744685-01, which is a white or slightly yellowish amorphous powder, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol and dilute acids.

As a reinforcing additive, fluoroplastic 4D GOST 14906-77 is used, which in addition to increasing the strength characteristics of fuel cells (increasing the specific impact strength) reduces the rate of combustion, which makes the shot softer.

As a modifier of combustion in the composition, titanium dioxide GOST 9808-84 is used.

The manufacturing process of ballistic artillery gunpowder consists of mixing the components to obtain a powder mass, squeezing water from the powder mass, plasticizing and pressing.

First, the components are prepared:

- emulsions of a mixture of plasticizers;

- emulsions of industrial oil with solid additives;

- zinc stearate.

Then they are loaded into the mixer.

The mixing of the components ("cooking" of the powder mass) is carried out in the mixer by batch or semi-continuous methods.

A certain amount of water is loaded into the mixer and it is heated to a temperature of 15-35 ° С, then after a certain time, weighed portions of pyroxylin and colloxylin are introduced in the ratio 1: 1, after which the zinc stearate melt is sequentially loaded into the mixer: (according to the first embodiment) , emulsions of industrial oil with solid additives, 4D fluoroplast, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, emulsion of a mixture of plasticizers. In a second embodiment, titanium dioxide is additionally charged. Mixing occurs at a temperature of 15-35 ° C for 360 minutes. The mixer is unloaded through a centrifuge in 3-5 stages.

Extraction of water from the powder mass is carried out to a moisture content of 6-12% at a water temperature in the squeezing press of 30-60 ° C, then plasticization of the mass on continuous rollers is carried out at an outgoing water temperature of 90-100 ° C from the work roll, and 80 from the idle roll -90 ° C with the formation of tablets, then the tablets are dried in a tumble dryer to a moisture content of not more than 1% at an injection temperature of 90-100 ° C for 45 minutes, then the tablets are homogenized in a screw press, followed by pressing them into blocks at a temperature water in the screw press 80-95 ° C, last what of the fuel cells are pressed from the blocks on a hydraulic press at a water temperature from the mold 70-85 ° C, from the table 70-80 ° C and a pressure of 110-220 kgf / cm ² .

Testing of ballistic artillery gunpowder of the proposed composition was carried out in laboratory and pilot plant conditions.

The component composition of the manufactured samples in comparison with the prototype is presented in table 1 in the first embodiment and in table 1 a in the second embodiment. Physico-mechanical, ballistic and operational characteristics are presented in table 2.

From the data in tables 1, 1a, 2 data shows:

1. A decrease in the fluoroplastic content below 0.2% (Sample 1) leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the composition, and primarily to a decrease in the specific impact strength.

2. A decrease in the content of diphenylamine below 0.1% (Sample 2) in combination with centralite leads to a decrease in the chemical resistance of the composition (to an increase in gas evolution) and, consequently, to a reduction in its shelf life (guaranteed shelf life).

3. An increase in the content of diphenylamine over 0.5% (Sample 8) in combination with centralite increases the chemical resistance of the composition (reduces gas evolution), but at the same time the ballistic characteristics decrease (the strength of the powder decreases), since these components are not independent explosives and ballistic points are rated as ballast.

4. The decrease in the content of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine reduces the strength of the powder and lowers the density of the composition (Sample 3).

In addition, the introduction of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine into the powder increases the density of the powder due to the high intrinsic density (ρ = 1.87 ÷ 1.92 g / cm ³ ), which improves the loading conditions and the energy of the shot.

The compositions according to samples 4, 5, 6, 7 have high strength and ballistic characteristics and have a sufficiently high chemical resistance.

The developed composition has been tested in laboratory and pilot plant conditions and can be proposed for testing new highly effective artillery and active-reactive systems.

Claims (2)

1. Ballistic artillery powder, the grains of which have a porous structure, including sensitizers - colloxylin, pyroxylin, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, a stabilizer of chemical resistance - centralite, an antistatic additive - carbon black, plasticizers - nitroglycerin and dinitrate diethylene glycol, a stabilizer, and faltic acid technological additives - industrial oil, zinc stearate and sulforicinate E, characterized in that the powder additionally contains reinforcing add the taste is fluoroplast, and as a stabilizer of chemical resistance additionally contains diphenylamine in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Pyroxylin 20.1-21.1 Colloxylin 20.1-21.1 Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 19.0-21.0 Centralit 0.5-0.9 Diphenylamine 0.1-0.5 Carbon black 0.1-0.4 Nitroglycerine 17.0-18.0 Dinitrate diethylene glycol 17.0-18.0 Complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid 0.8-1.2 Industrial oil 0.3-0.7 Zinc stearate 0.01-0.06 Sulforicinate E 0.01-0.08 Ftoroplast 0.2-1.0 2. Ballistic artillery powder, the grains of which have a porous structure, including sensitizers - colloxylin, pyroxylin, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, a stabilizer of chemical resistance - centralite, an antistatic additive - carbon black, plasticizers - nitroglycerin and dinitrate diethylene glycol, a stabilizer, and faltic acid technological additives - industrial oil, zinc stearate and sulforicinate E, combustion modifier - titanium dioxide, characterized in that it contains neighs a reinforcing additive - fluoroplastic, and as a sensitizer of chemical resistance additionally contains diphenylamine in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Pyroxylin 20.1-21.1 Colloxylin 20.1-21.1 Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine 19.0-21.0 Centralit 0.5-0.9 Diphenylamine 0.1-0.5 Carbon black 0.1-0.4 Nitroglycerine 17.0-18.0 Dinitrate diethylene glycol 17.0-18.0 Complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid 0.8-1.2 Industrial oil 0.3-0.7 Zinc stearate 0.01-0.06 Sulforicinate E 0.01-0.08 Ftoroplast 0.2-1.0 Titanium dioxide Up to 2