US431336A

US431336A - Combination-padlock

Info

Publication number: US431336A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1890-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 1907-07-01

Description

H. H. DANIELS. COMBINATION PADLOGK.

Patented July 1, 1890.

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L IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINL Z013 $74/ n65,5195: Invewaf: f- 5 Zw @ML z'a' Harn/@g HENRY II. DANIELS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

COMBINATION-PADLQCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 431,336, dated July 1, 1890.

Serial No. 313,991. (Model.)

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY I-I. DANIELS, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Ilamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combination-Padlocks, of which the following is a specification.

The several features of my invention and the various advantages resulting from their use, conjointly or otherwise, will be apparent from the following description and claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure l represents a side elevation of a padlock embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the said padlock, taken in the plane passing through the longitudinal center of the staple, those portions of the staple exterior to the body or shell of the padlock being shown in elevation. Fig. 3 is a top view of the shell of the padlock, the cover or lockingdisk which fits down upon said top being removed. Fig. 4 is a vertical central section of the shell of the padlock and the aforesaid cover, the latter being shown separated from the shell, the section being taken through the center of the holes or openings which receive the shan ks of the staple. Fig. 5 is a side clevation of the dial-plate, its shank and intervening connections, and the chambers which, respectively, inclose the tumblersol the lock, only that portion of the dial-shank which projects above the said tumblers being shown. Fig. (5 is a top view of one of the disks and its tumbler and of the tu mbler-chamber and the adjacent portion of the shell of the padlock surrounding said chamber. Fig. 7 is a top View of one of the tumblers detached. Fig. 8 is a top View of one of the disks. Figs. E), l0, ll, and 12 are bottom views of the rcspective disks employed in the combination. Fig. 13 represents a view in perspective of the shank of the indicating-dial, and showing on the shank the respective studs or carriers for respectively rotating the tumblers. Fig.

l la is a top view of the disk, whose bottom is shown in Fig. ll.

A indicates the shell of the padlock. shell is preferably cylindrical in shape.

ll indicates the staple provided with Shanks b ZJ', said shanks entering the padlock.

This

-position consists of a screw-thread d3, formed on its periphery and engaging a corresponding screw-thread on the interior of the recess E of the shell A. The partition a is also provided with openings a2 a2, and the cover D is provided with openings d CZ. Through these openings a2 d', respectively, pass the shanks b b of the staple B.

The index dial or disk C is located at that end of the padlock which is opposite where the staple enters, and preferably constitutes, as shown, that end or head of the padlock, and the figures for said combination and for unlocking the padlock are placed preferably upon the peripheral edge of this disk. The disk carries the shank C, which latter passes through the center of the tumbler-disks, tumbler-rings, and tumbler-chambers of the padlock. chambers are prevented from sliding in the cylin'der in the direction of the length of the latter by being securely held between the partition c of the padlock-shell on the one side and the bed or wall C2 belongin to the disk C on Athe other.

The dial-disk C is preferably provided with a shoulder C. The lower edge of the padlock-shell A rests'against the inner face ot' the dial C, and the shoulder C of the dial Alits closely wit-hin the said shell A of the padlock. By these means the padlock-shell A and the dialdisk C are firmly held together and cannot be displaced. That portion of the shank C4 which extends above and beyond the tumblers and tumbler-chambers is pro vided with a screw-thread. This screw-t h readed portion of the shank CLL passes through the opening a4 and projects beyond the partition d. That port-ion of the shank C4 which thus projects beyond the partition d receives an annular nut C5, which is screwed upon the shank C"l and occupies the recess co3 in the upper part of the partition a. To prevent this nut` being unscrewed when the dial C is turned to unlock the padlock any suitable means may be employed, the preferred means These disks, tumblers, and tumblerl IOO upon the shank OL independently of the lat? ter. In other Words, the key C9 compels the annular nut C to turn with the shank O4 and prevents the nut from unscrewing from the shank C4 when the dial C is turned. The number of tumblers employed in the combination-lock of this padlock may be varied from two to any desired number. The number preferably employed is four, and the tum- 4bler-chambers for the tumblers are respectively designated on the drawings by the letters G, H, I, and J. (See Fig. 5.)

Suitable means are employed for preventin'g the chamber-tumblers from rotating. A novel and convenient means is yshown in the drawings. Each of the tumbler-chambers G, H, I, and J is provided at its periphery with a transverse recess or depression. S, cut therein, substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The inner side or wall of the padlock-shell A i-s provided with a ridge, feather, or equivalent projection S, parallel to the axis of the shell, and this projection or ridge S fits into the recess S of the tumbler-chambers. The ridge S', being stationary, prevents the chambers further rotating wit-hin the shell. These chambers, therefore, while being capable of b eing removed from the shell by sliding laterally within the shell when the dial-disk has been removed, are,\vhen in working position within said shell, stationary therewith. Each tumbler-chamber receives a tumbler K. Each of these tumblers is made substantially' alike, and each of them is provided with like novel means, in connection with a central disk of each tumbler, for conveniently and quickly changing the combination of the lock. Each of the tumbler-chambers is recessed at two points on its interior, and` each of the tumblers K is likewise recessed at two points f f on its outer edge. One of the recesses f fits the adjacent recess k on one side of the shank C4 of the dial-disk, and the other recess f tits the other recess Zr. on the other side ot' the shank CA1 of the dial-disk. Each of these recesses is preferably of asemicircular torm, and the combination of the recess la and the recess f forms a circular hole which receives one of the shanks b b of the staple l5. Each of the shanks Z1 b of the staple B is provided with recesses Z22 h2, into which the edges of the adjacent tumblers re'- spectively enter, when the staple l is adjusted in the padlock and the latter is locked.v

It. will be observed that a plane passing throughthe axes of the holes f 7cA will pass to the side of the axis of the shank C4, which latter axis may be considered the axis of the padlock. This arrangement of these holes in relation to the axis'of the padlock is intentional, I having invented it for preventing the concave openings f of the tumblers from coinciding with the openings k of the tumbler-carriers more than once in an entire revolution of the tumbler. Vere this arrangement not present, the openings f of a tumbler would coincide with the openings 7.5 of the padlock twice in the course of a revolutionvof a tumbler, therebyallowing the said openingsf of the tumblers to be more readily caused to coincide with the openings k of the tumbler and the lock to be more readily opened. The lock in such event could be opened on combinations other than the one on which it. was set. My novel arrangement of the openingsf' 7c so that a plane passing through their axes is to one side the axis of the shank C4 prevents what may be termed false setting of the tumblers and the disadvantages resulting therefrom.

For the purpose of enabling the tumblerchambers to always be adjusted in relationv to one another in the proper position, and for retaining them in a proper position in relation to each other after they have been adjusted, I provide'two pins k2 7a2. Each of these pins is fixed in the lower or end tumblerchamber J, and is received in holes or openings 763 in the other tumblers, substantially as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5 and by solid lines in Fig. 6. By placing the tumblers I H G in their respective order upon the chamber J, the pins 7s? being within the respective holes k3 of the tumblerchambers, the tumblerchambers will be in a proper position relatively to 011e another, and can only rotate, it at all, together. Their joint rotation is prevented by means of the recess S, heretofore described, and which, when the tumblers are placed within the shell A of the padlock, engages the ridge or feather S of the said shell A.

In locking and unlocking the lock the tumblers operate in substantially the same manner as do the tumblers of other Well-known combination-locks.

'lhe mode and means whereby the combina- TOO IIO

tion of dial movements may be changed are novel and exceedingly simple, and permit the combination `to be quickly and readily changed. This novel means for changing the combination will now be described. Each of the tumblers is compound, and consists of the annular ring IWI and the tumbler-disk N. Each of these disks is provided with a stop or abut-v ment n. These stops n are of a curved descriptiomconcentric with the disk to which they belong, and are of varying length, the longest of the four disks shown,'namely, in Eig. 9, being of a complete circle, with the eX- ception of the interval n2, which latter in the present instance is ot' about the width of the opening a3 in said disk. The ends of these stops or abutments a', as the dial G and the shank C4 are turned, respectively come into contact with the respective adjacent studs or carriers C5 on the said shank C4. As the stops n are ot different lengths, it is obvious that the disk N (shown in Fig. l2) may, together with its ring F, rotate nearly an entire revolution before its abutment n comes into contact with the said stud or carrier C5 ot the shank C4 in line therewith. The disk shown in Fig. ll, with its annular ring F, can revolve a less distance before its abutment n comes into contact with the stud or carrier C5 ot said shank C4 in line therewith, and the disk M (shown in Fig. 10)` will revolve a still less dis-` tance before its abutment n strikes the corresponding stud or carrier C5 on the shank C4. The disk N (shown in Fig. 9) and its annular ring F will be immediately revolved by dial-shank C", as the adjacent carrier or stud C5 on the latter will immediately impinge against one or the other ends ot the abutments yn ot said disk M. Each of the disks is provided with an opening n3, for the purpose ot allowing the disks, with their annular rings, when aboutto be placed upon the shank C4, to be passed down said shank and the studs or carriers C5 without impediment. These openings n3 n3 will also allow the disks, with their annular rings, to be withdrawn from the shank C4 for any purpose desired, and the lock thus to be taken apart. Each of the annular rings F is provided with a series of niches or depressions f2, and the spaces between these niches bear any desired ligure or character. Each of the disks N is provided with a stud or boss nl, adapted to engage in any one of the niches or depressions f2 of its respective annular ring F. This stud n4 projects from and beyond the periphery ot the disk. This stud al can be placed in any one ot` the niches f2 of the annular ring of the disk N, at the same time fitting closely within the opening-in said ring and forming, together with the said ring, a solid compound tumbler. By turning the stud fa* to a depressionV or niche between any two ot' the figures the point at which the tumbler will be turned during the rotation of the next dial and its shank C4 will be altered. In this way the time and point at which the various tumblers will coincide, so as to enable the openings 7a in their respective peri phcries to coincide with the openings f of the tumbler-ehambers, will be fixed. ln setting the tumblers the following facts must be borne in mind. The preferred mode in which the tumblers are to be marked is shown, and is as follows: One tumbler carries a given number of figures or characters equal to the number of notches f2 ofthe tumblerring F. These numbers are placed on' the ring. One tumbler, having the disk shown in Fig. l2, carries the odd numbers from l to, say, for illustration, 23. The next or second tumbler, having the disk shown in Fig. ll, carries the even numbers from 2 to 24. The next or third tumbler, having the disk shown in Fig. l0, carries the odd numbers from l to 23, and the next or fourth tumbler, having the disk shown in Fig. 9, carries the even numbers 'lirst disk.

from 2 to 24. Each tumbler-disk carries two arrows pointing around the disk in opposite directions. Each of these arrows points to a mark. For turning to the left put that mark ot the disk which is indicated by the arrow that points to the left opposite the iigure on the tumbler at which it is desired to set the tumbler.v By waybf illustration, take the (Shown in Figs. S and l2.) This disk, on account of its abutment being a narrow on e-viz., substantially asingle line*- the disk will carry but one mark 015, and both of the arrows will point thereto, as shown. Now take the second disk-viz., that shown in Figs. 11 and 14. As its abutment n is -quite wide, two lines n a5 are present on the top of the disk to mark the points where the ends or operatingpoints of the abutment are on the under side of this disk. Each of these marks has its arrow, indicating by its direction which end of the abutment to choose in setting the tumbler to be properly operated by turning the shank C4 of the dial, and the tumbler to a given number on the dial. The marking of the last-nanied disk as to lines a5 a5 and arrows is similarly carried out on the succeeding disk of Figs. l0 and 9, the lines a5 a5 on the one side of the disk respectively coinciding with the respective ends of the abutment on the other side ot' the disk on which they (said lines) are marked.

The mode in which the tumblers are set and operated is in general as follows: To set the lock, for instance, we will set the iirst tumbler on No. l by setting that mark of the disk of said tumbler designated bythe arrow turning to the right on No. l, which will then correspond to one on the index-dial when turned to the right. Now we will take the second tumbler and set it in a similar manner on 1S, turning to the left, which will colrespond to 18 on theindex-dial when turned to the left. No. 3 tumbler we will set on No. 3, turning the mark on the disk to the arrow to the right No. 3, as we will turn the dial to theright. Now the upper tumbler, always revolving with the dial-plate, stops on any number until the last two tumblers that were set, and therefore always revolving with the dial-plate, there is but one marked disk where to set it. Now that we have the tumblers set, we will turn the dial-plate to the right not less than two revolutions to get the tumblers in position, and stop on No. l, as we have it set for that. The index-dial is now turned to the lett, until the No. 1S thereon is reached, when the dial is stopped. Now we will turn the dial, the third tumbler to the right, and stop on No. 8, and corresponding with the setting of the tumbler. The fourth tumbler, as we have said, revolves all the time with the dial-plate, and is stopped on some number between the last two numbers that have been set. Take No. l0 and stop the dialplate on No. lO. The tumblers are all now in a position so that the Shanks ot the staple- Should the padlock, after can be withdrawn.

IOO

lIO

the staple has been withdrawn, be locked by `1 the tumblers being turned so that the holesV in the padlock for the reception ofthe shanks are partly illed by atumbler or tumblers, the padlock may, by the operation of unlocking aforementioned, be quickly put vinto condition for the ready insertion therein ofthe staple. Then the padlock is locked, the staple holds together whatever is placed in its grasp, or is passed through it in the manner common to padlocks.

.Instead of the screw-thread d3 on they cover D and the screw-thread on the shell A, other suitable means for securing the cover to the shell may be employed-for instance, a bayonet or lock joint maybe employed. It is desirable in all cases to employ means for uniting the cover and shell which shall compel ak rotation of the cover in relation to the shell in order to connect the former to or disconnect it from the latter. In this way the insertion of the staple into the padlock will subserve the valuable purpose of locking the cover to the shell by preventing` the rotation of the one upon or against the other.

Vhat I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

I. The shell or casing A, having xed partition or diaphragm a', provided with holes a2 a2 for the reception, respectively, of the respective ends of the shanks ofthe staple, and the lid or cover D, provided with a screwthread engaging a screw-thread on the shell above the partition a', and having the holes d d for the reception of the shanks of the staples, the diaphragm a', fu rnishingnon-rotatable bearings Within the shell for the shanks to impinge against, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2; In a combination-padlock, the shell A, provided with partitions a', having openings a2 a2 and central opening a4, and indicating disk or dial provided with shank C4, passing through opening a4, and nut C6 and cover D, having openings CZ', coincident with the openings az, and provided on its periphery with a screw-thread engaging the screw-thread on the interior of the shell A, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a combination-padlock, the shell A, provided with partition a', provided with openings a2 a2 and central opening a, and recess o?, cover D, having opening' d', coincident with openings a2, and having external peripheral screw-thread d3, engaging an internal screw-thread a5 of the shell A, and being provided with the recess d2, adjoining re-v cess a3 of partition a of the shell, indicatingdial C, provided with shank C, engaging a nut C5, located in recess a3 cl2, said nut being provided with a transverse channel C and containing a close-fitting key C9, whose upper edge extends above and vbeyond the surface` of the nut C5, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a coin-bination-padlock, the shell A,

a2 a2, and a cover D, provided with openings CZ d', coincident therewith, for the reception of the shanks of the staple, `and having two -or more tuniblers and tumbler-chambers, re-

spectively, provided With openings k f for the reception of the shanks of the staple, all `of the said openings on one side of the padlock having a common axis, and the axes of said openings on the two sides of the padlock being in a plane passing to one side of the axis of the shank C4, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a combination-padlock, the openings formed by the concave recesses f of the tumbler-s and the opposing concave recesses 7c of the chambers for the reception, respectively, of the respective Shanks of the staple, the axes of these openings being ina common plane passing to one side of the axis of the padlock, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. In a combination-padlock having two or more tumblers, the tumbler consisting of an annular ring F, provided with partly-concave depressions j" f in its periphery, and provided with niches or depressions fzfz, formed in the interior Wall of the said ring and bearing figures or other characters for setting the combination, andthe disk having a suitable abutment for engaging the stud or carrier operated by the shank C4, the said disk being provided with a stud or boss n4, received into any one of the niches or depressions f2 of the annular ring when the said disk N is combined therewith, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. In a combination-padlock having two or more tumblers, the tumbler consisting of the annular ring F, provided with niches ordepressionsf2f2, formed in the inner Wall of the said ring and bearingigures or othercharacters for `setting the combination, and the disk having a suitable abutment for engaging the stud or carrier C5 of the shank C4, the said disk being provided with the stud or boss n4, received into any one of the niches or depressions f2 f2 of the annular ring when the said disk N is combined therewith, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

8. In a combination-padlock, the combination of the shell A, having partition a', provided With recess a3 and central opening d4, and cover D, arranged to screw Within said shell and having openings CZ d', provided with recess cl2, and engaging dial C, forming one end of the padlock, and provided with central shank C4, having a stud or carrier C5 fixed thereon, and the tumbler-chambers arranged upon the pins 7a2 k2 and provided with the concave depressions 7c k', and tumblers having exterior concave depressions f', and each consisting of an annular ring, as F, and the central disk N, Whose stud n4 engages any one of a series of niches at the inner edge of the ring F, and shank C4, having a notch in its upper or free end and passed through the openings f 7o and through the IIC opening a4 of the partition aof the shell,and engaging at its upper end with a nut C5, provided with a channel, as C, into Which and into thenot-ch of the shank is receivedalocking key or pin C, and the staple B, whose shanks Z1 b are respectively received into the openings a2 of the partition a and the openings f r of the tumbler-s and adjacent tuinbler-carricrs, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

9. In a eoinbination-padlock, the con1bination ot' the shell A, having partition a', provided with recess d3 and central opening a4, and cover D, arranged to screw within said shell, and `having openings d d', provided with recess (Z2 and index-dial C, forming one end of the padlock and provided With central shank C", having studs or carriers C5 fixed thereon, and the tumbler-chambers arranged upon the pins 7a2 752 and provided with the concave depressions L' 7V", and tumbler-chambers having exterior concave depressions f', and consistin of an annular ring, as F, and

a central disk N, Whose stud n4 engages any one of a series of niches at the inner edge of the ring F, the shank C, passed through the tuniblers and through the opening of* of' the partition a ot' the shell, and engaging at its upper end with the nut C5, provided with a channel, as C, into which and into the notch ofthe shank is received a locking key or pin C9, and the staple B, Whose shanks b h are respectively received in the openings ,f k of the tumblers and adjacent tumbler-carriers, the said openings for the reception of the shanks of the staples being so located with reference to the axis of the padlock proper that a plane passing through the axes of the said openings will lie to one side of the axis of the padlock, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

HENRY H. DANIELS.

Attest:

A. S. LUnLoW, G. A. W. PAVER.