US428445A - Compound for converting iron into steel by cementation - Google Patents
Compound for converting iron into steel by cementation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US428445A US428445A US428445DA US428445A US 428445 A US428445 A US 428445A US 428445D A US428445D A US 428445DA US 428445 A US428445 A US 428445A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- compound
- cementation
- converting
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- FRANCIS G BATES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
- the object of my invention is to provide for the converting of wrought, malleable, or cast iron or low steel into high-grade steel by a cementation process, my present invention being a modification of that set forth in my application filed October 29, 1887, Serial No. 253,777, and consisting in the peculiar compound used for packing in the converting box or flask the articles to be converted.
- the compound consists of from eighty to one hundred parts of carbon-such as pulverized charcoal, still-coke, or the like-and from five to ten parts of cryolite, to which may sometimes be added from ten to twenty parts of slaked lime and from five to ten parts of rosin or carbonate of soda.
- the compound may consist simply of the carbon and cryolite, the lime being preferably added when Wrought-iron is being treated, and the rosin or soda, as well as the lime, being added when treating articles of malleable or cast iron.
- the process is carried out in substantially the manner set forth in my former applicationthat is to say, the articles or pieces of metal to be converted are packed with the compound in the converting box or flask, so that each piece or article will be surrounded by said compound, the flask when full being closed so as to be air-tight, and then subjected to heat in a suitable oven, the temperature being gradually raised until the flask reaches a white heat, at which temperature it is maintained for a period which will vary depending upon the bulk of the articlesbein g treated or upon the desired extent of the conversion, a simple case-hardening or conversion being effected in less time than if the articles are to be converted throughout. WVhen the articles are removed from the flask, they are by preference permitted to cool rapidly, so asto hasten contraction.
- Castings of gray or malleable iron, steel castings, or articles of Wrought-iron or Bessemer steel may by my improved process be changed in character, so as to acquire a fine grain and homogeneous structure, and so as to be capable of receiving any desired degree of temper, which renders them available for use in the manufacture of cutting-tools of all kinds.
- cryolite which I use as one of the ingredients of my compound is a double fluoride of aluminum and sodium, and is preferred in all cases, although other fluorine compounds may sometimes be used, and other hydrated minerals may take the place of slaked lime, the main purpose of which is to furnish a supply of hydrogen, which materially facilitates the converting process.
- the herein-described compound for converting iron or low steel into steel of high qiu lity by the cementation process said compound consisting of powdered carbon, cryolite, lime, and rosin or soda, substantially as specified.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.
FRANCIS G. BATES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
COMPOUND FOR CONVERTING IRO N INTO STEEL BY CEMENTATION.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 428,445, dated May 20, 1890.
Application filed November 4, 1389. Serial No. 329,219. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern: I
Be it known that I, FRANCIS G. BATES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Gompounds for Converting Iron into Steel by Oementation, of which the following is a specification.
The object of my invention is to provide for the converting of wrought, malleable, or cast iron or low steel into high-grade steel by a cementation process, my present invention being a modification of that set forth in my application filed October 29, 1887, Serial No. 253,777, and consisting in the peculiar compound used for packing in the converting box or flask the articles to be converted.
The compound consists of from eighty to one hundred parts of carbon-such as pulverized charcoal, still-coke, or the like-and from five to ten parts of cryolite, to which may sometimes be added from ten to twenty parts of slaked lime and from five to ten parts of rosin or carbonate of soda.
In treating Bessemer steel the compound may consist simply of the carbon and cryolite, the lime being preferably added when Wrought-iron is being treated, and the rosin or soda, as well as the lime, being added when treating articles of malleable or cast iron.
The process is carried out in substantially the manner set forth in my former applicationthat is to say, the articles or pieces of metal to be converted are packed with the compound in the converting box or flask, so that each piece or article will be surrounded by said compound, the flask when full being closed so as to be air-tight, and then subjected to heat in a suitable oven, the temperature being gradually raised until the flask reaches a white heat, at which temperature it is maintained for a period which will vary depending upon the bulk of the articlesbein g treated or upon the desired extent of the conversion, a simple case-hardening or conversion being effected in less time than if the articles are to be converted throughout. WVhen the articles are removed from the flask, they are by preference permitted to cool rapidly, so asto hasten contraction.
Castings of gray or malleable iron, steel castings, or articles of Wrought-iron or Bessemer steel may by my improved process be changed in character, so as to acquire a fine grain and homogeneous structure, and so as to be capable of receiving any desired degree of temper, which renders them available for use in the manufacture of cutting-tools of all kinds.
The cryolite which I use as one of the ingredients of my compound is a double fluoride of aluminum and sodium, and is preferred in all cases, although other fluorine compounds may sometimes be used, and other hydrated minerals may take the place of slaked lime, the main purpose of which is to furnish a supply of hydrogen, which materially facilitates the converting process.
Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- 1. The within-described compound for converting iron or low steel into'steel of high quality by the cementation process, said compound consisting of eighty to one hundred parts of carbon and five to ten parts of cryolite, substantially as specified.
2. The within-described compound for converting iron or low steel into steel of high quality by the cementation process, said compound consisting of powdered carbon, cryolite, and lime, substantially as specified.
3. The herein-described compound for converting iron or low steel into steel of high qiu lity by the cementation process, said compound consisting of powdered carbon, cryolite, lime, and rosin or soda, substantially as specified.
I11 testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
FRANCIS G. BATES.
Witnesses:
R. SOH EIOHER, HARRY SMITH.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US428445A true US428445A (en) | 1890-05-20 |
Family
ID=2497355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US428445D Expired - Lifetime US428445A (en) | Compound for converting iron into steel by cementation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US428445A (en) |
-
0
- US US428445D patent/US428445A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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