US4268349A - Process for the production of printed circuits with solder rejecting sub-zones - Google Patents
Process for the production of printed circuits with solder rejecting sub-zones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4268349A US4268349A US05/723,582 US72358276A US4268349A US 4268349 A US4268349 A US 4268349A US 72358276 A US72358276 A US 72358276A US 4268349 A US4268349 A US 4268349A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zones
- sub
- solder
- conductive metal
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3452—Solder masks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
- H05K3/061—Etching masks
- H05K3/062—Etching masks consisting of metals or alloys or metallic inorganic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
- H05K2201/0175—Inorganic, non-metallic layer, e.g. resist or dielectric for printed capacitor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
- H05K2203/0502—Patterning and lithography
- H05K2203/0505—Double exposure of the same photosensitive layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3447—Lead-in-hole components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
- H05K3/3473—Plating of solder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/40—Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K3/42—Plated through-holes or plated via connections
- H05K3/425—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern
- H05K3/427—Plated through-holes or plated via connections characterised by the sequence of steps for plating the through-holes or via connections in relation to the conductive pattern initial plating of through-holes in metal-clad substrates
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a process which includes etching for the production of printed wiring or circuit boards in which sub-zones of the circuit or wiring pattern which are not to receive solder are provided with solder rejecting properties by means of passivation.
- solder stop lacquer In previously used methods of soldering a printed circuit board, sub-zones of the wiring or circuit pattern, which are not to receive any solder, are covered with a solder stop lacquer. This is not only to save solder but also to prevent the danger of short-circuits due to the formation of solder bridges.
- the application of the solder stop lacquer in the form of a solder stop mask is normally carried out by a silk screen printing process, which, due to its poor resolution capacity, imposes a limit on a precisely fitting coordination between the printed image and the wiring structure or pattern. Therefore, the known methods of using solder stop lacquers are not suitable for circuit boards wih fine wiring structures or patterns.
- the known processes have suggested providing the sub-zones of the wiring or circuit pattern, which sub-zones are not to receive any solder, with a solder rejecting property by passivation.
- the wiring pattern is completely formed and then the entire board with the exception of those sub-zones of the wiring pattern or circuit pattern, which zones are not to receive any solder, is provided with a photo lacquer mask by a photo printing method.
- the sub-zones which are not covered by the photo lacquer are provided with a passivation layer.
- the high resolution capacity of the photo printing process facilitates an application of the passivation layer in precise locations.
- the whole metal surface on the substrate is passivated and then those zones which are to form the solder rejecting regions of the wiring patterns after the etching step are covered wih a photo lacquer.
- the portions of the passivation layer, which are not covered with the photo lacquer, are then removed chemically and the wiring or circuit pattern is then produced in a known manner such as by masking and etching.
- the application of the passivation layer is very expensive.
- the solderability of the solderable zones of the wiring or circuit pattern can be considerably impaired due to an oxide formation which, in particular, occurs when the circuit boards are subject to a long intermediate storage time.
- it is not possible to remove the oxide layers either chemically or mechanically as the solder rejecting passivation layer would also be removed or damaged as a consequence of the chemical or mechanical removal of the oxide layer.
- the present invention is directed to an improved process so that the passivation layer can be applied without a special outlay and the solderability of the solderable zones of the wiring or circuit pattern are retained even after long periods of storage.
- the invention is directed to a process for the production of printed circuit boards having first sub-zones of a wiring pattern for receiving solder and second sub-zones provided with solder rejecting properties so they do not receive solder.
- the process includes providing a workpiece comprising a substrate with a conductive metal layer on at least one surface, and etching each of the layers to form the desired wiring pattern with the improvement comprising prior to the step of etching, galvanically applying a solderable, etch-resistant metal layer to the first sub-zones of each of the conductive metal layers and photo printing a mask of etch-resistant material of the second sub-zones of each of the conductive metal layers, and subsequent to the etching step, removing the etch-resistant material from the second sub-zones are providing the exposed second sub-zones with a solder rejecting property by the aid of passivation without impairing the solderability of the etch-resistant metal layers of the first sub-zones.
- the second sub-zones of the wiring or circuit pattern which are not to receive any solder, for example the conductive paths, are coated with a resistant passivation layer which prevents wetting of the second sub-zones with solder whereas the first sub-zones, such as solder lugs and through contacts, are covered with a corrosion-resistant metal layer which remains satisfactorily solderable. Since the passivation means has a selective action, the solderable sub-zones of the circuit pattern do not require a cover or mask during the application of the passivation layer.
- the galvanic application of the etch-resistant metal layer, as a condition for selective passivation, is included into the process step for the production of the wiring without any additional expenses, which are worthy of note. For example, the step of galvanic metal deposition is always required for the production of the through contacts.
- the improvement includes applying a positively acting photo layer on the entire surface of each conductive metal layer.
- the positive acting photo layer is subjected to a first exposure and development process to produce a galvanic mask which is used during the galvanic application of the etch-resistant metal in the first sub-zones.
- the remainder of the positive acting photo layer is subjected to a second exposure and development process to produce the etching mask.
- just one single photo layer is required for the formation of both the galvanic mask and etching mask and thus the process further reduces the outlay for the production of the printed circuit or wiring.
- the wiring is etching out of a copper surface and the zones, which are to receive the solder, are reinforced by the etch-resistant metal layer which is a material selected from a group consisting of tin and tin-lead.
- a particularly suitable step of passivation is by dipping the entire workpiece comprising an insulated board with the copper layers into an aqueous solution of liver of sulfur, which is a mixture of potassium polysulfide and potassium thiosulfate.
- liver of sulfur which is a mixture of potassium polysulfide and potassium thiosulfate.
- the liver of sulfur solution facilitates an economically and extremely effective passivation within a few minutes and also exhibits satisfactory properties with respect to electrolyte corrosion.
- FIGS. 1-6 are cross-sectional views illustrating successive stages of the production of a double sided through-contacted printed circuit board having solder rejecting sub-zones in accordance with the present invention.
- the principles of the present invention are particularly useful for forming a printed circuit or wiring board generally indicated at 10 in FIG. 6.
- the printed circuit board 10 has a circuit or wiring pattern on each of the opposite surfaces of an insulating plate or substrate 1 and has through contact or connections 11 extending between the two patterns which are separated by the substrate 1.
- the process begins by providing a workpiece generally indicated at 12 in FIG. 1.
- the workpiece 12 comprises the insulating plate or substrate 1 which has a copper foil 2 laminated to each of the opposite surfaces and is provided with bores 3 at the points or locations at which through contacts 11 are to be formed.
- All surfaces of the workpiece 12 including the walls of bores 3 are provided with a copper layer 4 having a total thickness of approximately 5 ⁇ m as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the copper layer 4 is provided by a currentless and galvanic copper deposition.
- both surfaces of the workpiece 11 are provided with a layer or coating 5 of a photo lacquer which has a positive action.
- the layers 5 are subjected to a first exposure and development process to remove portions or zones 50 (FIG. 3) which are located at bores 3 and correspond to the position of later formed through contacts 11 and soldering lugs 21 (FIG. 6).
- the remaining portions of the photo lacquer layers 5 form galvanic masks which covers the copper layers 4 except at exposed zones 50.
- the galvanic metal which is galvanically deposited in the zones 50, is applied in two separate layers.
- a first layer 6 of copper has an approximate thickness of 35 ⁇ m and is followed by a subsequent metal layer 7 having a thickness of at least 15 ⁇ m.
- the layer 7 for example is of a material selected from a group consisting of tin and tin-lead.
- the photo lacquer layers 5 are subject to a second exposure and development process so that only the zones 500 remain on the plate (see FIG. 4). These zones 500 form an etching mask which protects portions of the layers 2 and 4 which will later form the conductive path after a subsequent etching step.
- the etching mask 500 is removed to leave the conductive paths 20 (FIG. 5).
- the etching away of the undesired zones of the copper foil 2 is effected by an etching agent having a selective action.
- an ammoniacal sodium chlorite etching solution is used and does not attack the metal layer 7 so that the conducting paths 20 and the solder lugs 21 remain on the insulating plate 1.
- the conducting paths 20 are passivated by submerging the entire workpiece 12 for approximately 5 minutes into a solution containing approximately 2.5 g liver of sulfur, which is a mixture of potassium polysulfides and potassium thiosulfate, per liter of tap water.
- a thin copper sulfide layer is formed on the surface of the conductor paths 20, which are the second sub-zones of the patterns, while the tin or tin-lead metal layers 7, which are the first sub-zones, are not changed by this solution.
- This copper sulphide layer (not illustrated) has a solder rejecting property and also exhibits satisfactory characteristics with respect to the electrolyte corrosion.
- solder 9 extending between the layer 7 of the contact 11 and on the solder lugs 21 which layer 7 is wetted with the solder 9. It is noted that the solder will not wet the conductors 20 which are provided with the copper sulphide passivation layer.
- aqueous solution of liver of sulfur which is known as a metal coloring solution for copper and copper alloys
- other passivation means in particular different copper coloring solutions which will provide a copper or copper alloy with a solder rejecting property and do not impair the solderability of the tin or tin-lead layer 7.
- a positively acting photo lacquer which only can be exposed by light of certain wave lengths, for example by ultraviolet light is used.
- a suitable photo lacquer which only can be exposed by ultraviolet light is for example the commercial produce AZ 111 produced by the firm of Shipley Europe Ltd. Coventry, England.
- the galvanic deposition of the layers 6 and 7 is conducted under an illumination without any component of the wavelengths needed for the exposure of the photo lacquer.
- An illumination without any ultraviolet component may be obtained by transparent yellow foils, being not transparent to ultraviolet light, which are arranged before the windows and before the illuminating equipment.
- a particularly suitable passivation will be obtained by dipping the workpiece 12 in commercially available metal coloring solutions for copper and copper alloys, which form a thin copper sulfide layer on the surface of the conductor paths 20.
- metal coloring solutions are described in the 44th Metal Finishing Guidebook Directory for 1976, published by Metals and Plastic Publications, Inc., U.S.A., page 494.
- the workpiece 12 is immersed at room temperature in the solution of 1/4 oz/gal liver of sulfer or liquid polysulfide. Colors will progress through the spectrum from yellow to dark purple to black. The strength of the solution should be such that the black color forms in about 1 minute. If it forms much more rapidly, the copper sulfide film will be brittle and non-adherent, and the concentration should be reduced.
- Liver of sulfer may be produced by melting a mixture of 1 part of sulfur and 2 parts of potassium carbonate at a temperature of about 250° C. under exclusion of air.
- the resulting liver of sulfur is a mixture of potassium polysulfide, potassium sulfate and potassium thiosulfate.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Non-Metallic Protective Coatings For Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19752541280 DE2541280A1 (de) | 1975-09-16 | 1975-09-16 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer gedruckten verdrahtung mit lotabweisenden teilbereichen |
DE2541280 | 1975-09-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4268349A true US4268349A (en) | 1981-05-19 |
Family
ID=5956607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/723,582 Expired - Lifetime US4268349A (en) | 1975-09-16 | 1976-09-15 | Process for the production of printed circuits with solder rejecting sub-zones |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4268349A (pt) |
JP (1) | JPS5236758A (pt) |
AT (1) | AT364017B (pt) |
BE (1) | BE846282A (pt) |
BR (1) | BR7605828A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA1051559A (pt) |
CH (1) | CH607545A5 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE2541280A1 (pt) |
FR (1) | FR2325269A1 (pt) |
GB (1) | GB1517235A (pt) |
IT (1) | IT1068137B (pt) |
NL (1) | NL7609577A (pt) |
SE (1) | SE7609871L (pt) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4512829A (en) * | 1983-04-07 | 1985-04-23 | Satosen Co., Ltd. | Process for producing printed circuit boards |
US4537799A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-08-27 | At&T Technologies, Inc. | Selective metallization process |
US5651899A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1997-07-29 | Dyconex Patente Ag | Structuring of printed circuit boards |
US8826852B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2014-09-09 | Engineered Products And Services, Inc. | Optimized double washer pull plug for minimizing coating error |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2861486D1 (en) * | 1977-11-21 | 1982-02-18 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for the application of soldering masks to printed circuits with through holes for contacting |
CN110856364A (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 珠海市凯诺微电子有限公司 | 一种用于制造软硬结合板的沉镀金方法 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3443988A (en) * | 1965-05-06 | 1969-05-13 | Photocircuits Corp | Printed circuits,work holders and method of preventing electroless metal deposition |
US3599326A (en) * | 1969-01-27 | 1971-08-17 | Philco Ford Corp | Method of forming electrical connections with solder resistant surfaces |
US3610811A (en) * | 1969-06-02 | 1971-10-05 | Honeywell Inf Systems | Printed circuit board with solder resist gas escape ports |
US3691632A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1972-09-19 | Microponent Dev Ltd | Method of making multi layer circuit boards |
US3702284A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1972-11-07 | Siemens Ag | Process of producing plated through-hole printed circuit boards |
DE2140274A1 (de) * | 1971-08-11 | 1973-02-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Mittel und verfahren zur verhinderung des festhaftens von schweisspritzern |
US3754324A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1973-08-28 | Molex Products Co | Solder resist |
US3945826A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1976-03-23 | Howard Friedman | Method of chemical machining utilizing same coating of positive photoresist to etch and electroplate |
US3990982A (en) * | 1974-12-18 | 1976-11-09 | Rbp Chemical Corporation | Composition for stripping lead-tin solder |
-
1975
- 1975-09-16 DE DE19752541280 patent/DE2541280A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-06-17 CH CH774076A patent/CH607545A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-09 GB GB28606/76A patent/GB1517235A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-12 AT AT0599576A patent/AT364017B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-23 JP JP51100456A patent/JPS5236758A/ja active Pending
- 1976-08-27 NL NL7609577A patent/NL7609577A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-09-02 BR BR7605828A patent/BR7605828A/pt unknown
- 1976-09-07 SE SE7609871A patent/SE7609871L/xx unknown
- 1976-09-08 FR FR7626987A patent/FR2325269A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-09-10 IT IT27065/76A patent/IT1068137B/it active
- 1976-09-15 CA CA261,258A patent/CA1051559A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-15 US US05/723,582 patent/US4268349A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-09-16 BE BE170692A patent/BE846282A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3443988A (en) * | 1965-05-06 | 1969-05-13 | Photocircuits Corp | Printed circuits,work holders and method of preventing electroless metal deposition |
US3702284A (en) * | 1968-12-04 | 1972-11-07 | Siemens Ag | Process of producing plated through-hole printed circuit boards |
US3599326A (en) * | 1969-01-27 | 1971-08-17 | Philco Ford Corp | Method of forming electrical connections with solder resistant surfaces |
US3610811A (en) * | 1969-06-02 | 1971-10-05 | Honeywell Inf Systems | Printed circuit board with solder resist gas escape ports |
US3691632A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1972-09-19 | Microponent Dev Ltd | Method of making multi layer circuit boards |
US3754324A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1973-08-28 | Molex Products Co | Solder resist |
DE2140274A1 (de) * | 1971-08-11 | 1973-02-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Mittel und verfahren zur verhinderung des festhaftens von schweisspritzern |
US3945826A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1976-03-23 | Howard Friedman | Method of chemical machining utilizing same coating of positive photoresist to etch and electroplate |
US3990982A (en) * | 1974-12-18 | 1976-11-09 | Rbp Chemical Corporation | Composition for stripping lead-tin solder |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4512829A (en) * | 1983-04-07 | 1985-04-23 | Satosen Co., Ltd. | Process for producing printed circuit boards |
US4537799A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-08-27 | At&T Technologies, Inc. | Selective metallization process |
US5651899A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1997-07-29 | Dyconex Patente Ag | Structuring of printed circuit boards |
US8826852B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2014-09-09 | Engineered Products And Services, Inc. | Optimized double washer pull plug for minimizing coating error |
US9427770B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2016-08-30 | Engineered Products And Services, Inc. | Optimized double washer pull plug for minimizing coating error |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5236758A (en) | 1977-03-22 |
IT1068137B (it) | 1985-03-21 |
DE2541280A1 (de) | 1977-03-17 |
ATA599576A (de) | 1981-02-15 |
BR7605828A (pt) | 1977-08-16 |
FR2325269B1 (pt) | 1980-09-05 |
SE7609871L (sv) | 1977-03-17 |
FR2325269A1 (fr) | 1977-04-15 |
GB1517235A (en) | 1978-07-12 |
AT364017B (de) | 1981-09-25 |
CH607545A5 (pt) | 1978-12-29 |
NL7609577A (nl) | 1977-03-18 |
BE846282A (fr) | 1977-01-17 |
CA1051559A (en) | 1979-03-27 |
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