US4261836A - Method of and a device for a continuous conditioning of sludges - Google Patents

Method of and a device for a continuous conditioning of sludges Download PDF

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Publication number
US4261836A
US4261836A US06/048,433 US4843379A US4261836A US 4261836 A US4261836 A US 4261836A US 4843379 A US4843379 A US 4843379A US 4261836 A US4261836 A US 4261836A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sludge
temperature
heat exchanging
discharge
concentration
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/048,433
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English (en)
Inventor
Bodo Koglin
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Vereinigte Kesselwerke AG
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Vereinigte Kesselwerke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method of and a device for continuous conditioning of sludges, particularly of sewage sludges, and more specifically it relates to a method in which the raw sludge is treated at an increased pressure and at an increased temperature while passing through successively arranged treatment stations until it is subject to a pressure required for the conditioning and subsequently the conditioned sludge is returned through the respective stations and is successively subject to decreasing pressure; at the same time the raw sludge, when passing through the consecutive stations, is heated up by vapors released during the depressurization of the conditioned sludge in respective stations and is thus preheated to a saturation temperature.
  • thermal sludge conditioning it is more advantageous for regeneration of heat to use a direct heat exchange instead of an indirect heat exchange, because the direct heat exchange requires simpler equipment in the conditioning installation which is less susceptible to failure and also requires less maintenance.
  • a sludge conditioner based on direct heat exchange is more expensive with regard to the measuring and controlling devices.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an improved method and device in which the heat losses are kept at a minimum.
  • one feature of the invention resides in the provision of a sludge conditioning method and apparatus in which concentration of the gas component which impairs the heat exchange in each station preceding the terminal reactor is continuously measured and the measured value of this concentration is employed for controlling the amount of exhaust gas released from these stations.
  • concentration of the inert gas component that is of the gas component which impairs the heat exchange can be made at the outlet of the exhaust gas where this concentration attains its highest value.
  • each station is equipped with means for determining the difference between the outlet temperature of the raw sludge and the outlet temperature of the conditioned sludge and with means for controlling the discharge of the exhaust gas from the station in response to the measured temperature difference.
  • This preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly simple in construction and operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sludge conditioning installation employing the method of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a preliminary heat exchanging station, including measuring and controlling devices according to this invention.
  • the illustrated sludge conditioning installation includes a reactor 1 interconnected with three successively arranged direct heat exchangers 2a, 2b and 2c.
  • Each direct heat exchanger is constituted of an upright cylindrical container having a convex bottom, an intermediate annular compartment having an inclined bottom 10 which divides the interior of the container into a lower space 11 and an upper space 12.
  • the spaces 11 and 12 communicate with one another through the central opening of the annular bottom 10.
  • An upwardly directed tubular partition 13 is welded to the rim of the central opening of the bottom 10 and defines with the cylindrical wall of the container an annular compartment or chute 15 (FIG. 2).
  • In the upper space 12 there is provided a cascade of superposed distributing metal sheets 14a and 14b.
  • the raw sludge is fed from a non-illustrated reservoir via a pipe conduit 6a to a high-pressure pump 3a and therefrom to an intake port in the center of the top wall of the heat exchanger 2c.
  • Corresponding pipe conduits 6b and 6c and high-pressure pumps 3b and 3c connect the lowermost part of the chute or partition 15 in respective direct heat exchangers 2c and 2b to the intake ports on the top of subsequent heat exchangers 2b and 2a.
  • a pipe conduit 6d including a high-pressure pump 3d connects the chute 15 of the direct heat exchanger 2e to the top intake port of the reactor vessel 1.
  • the upper space in the reactor vessel 1 is also provided with a cascade of sludge distributing metal sheets 14a and 14b and below the cascade is an inlet connection for a conduit 6e through which an extraneous steam is introduced into the reactor.
  • a conduit 7a connects the convex bottom of the reactor vessel 1 via a pressure release valve 4a to a connection in the cylindrical wall of the heat exchanger 2a opening into the lower space 11 of the latter.
  • Corresponding conduits 7b and 7c including respectively pressure release valves 4b and 4c connect the bottom of the heat exchanger 2e to the lower space 11 in the exchanger 2b and the bottom of the latter exchanger to the lower space of the next heat exchanger 2c, the bottom of which is connected via conduit 7d and pressure release valve 4d to a non-illustrated storage space for the conditioned sludge.
  • the upper space in the reactor 1 and the upper spaces in all heat exchangers 2a-2c are connected via conduits 8a-8d respectively provided wth valves 5a-5d, to a common or collecting conduit 9 through which the gaseous mixture in the reacting and heat exchanging stations can be discharged into the outer atmosphere.
  • the raw sludge fed through conduit 6a is delivered by the pump 3a into the upper space 12 of the direct heat exchanger 2c and flows downwardly past and in contact with the cascade of the guiding metal sheets 14a and 14b where it is spread and warmed up by condensation heat of vapors rising from the lower space 11 as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the pure heated raw sludge together with the vapor condensate falls into the intermediate annular compartment or chute 15 where it forms a swampy pool and is discharged therefrom by means of the subsequent pump 3b and the conduit 6b into the following direct heat exchanger 2b where again an increased pressure is built up. This process is repeated and the pressure is progressively increased in each of the successive heat exchanging stations 2b and 2a.
  • the preheated raw sludge is delivered by the last pump 3d into the reactor 1 where the pressure acting on the preheated sludge further increases up to the level of the reaction pressure.
  • the sludge descends in thin layers past the cascade or guiding metal sheets and in doing so is heated to a reaction temperature by the direct heat exchange with the counter stream of exhaust gas and by the external steam from the conduit 6e.
  • the sludge becomes conditioned, flows to the bottom of the reactor and is returned therefrom via the discharge conduit 7a and the pressure relieving valve 4a into the direct heat exchanger 2a whereby it is brought under the lower pressure taking place in the latter heat exchanger.
  • the conditioned sludge cools under the formation of steam or vapors.
  • the cooler conditioned sludge is separated from its steam.
  • the steam and other vapors and gas components rise into the upper space 12 and as explained above, they interact with the incoming raw sludge of a lower temperature.
  • the cooled down conditioned sludge forms in the convex bottom of the heat exchanger a swampy pool and is discharged through conduit 7b and pressure relieving valve 4b into the lower space 11 of the subsequent heat exchanger 2b where the conditioned sludge is again subject to a lower pressure and cooling.
  • each direct heat exchanger 2a-2c is provided in the range of the intermediate annular chute or compartment 15 with a thermal element 16 which measures the temperature of the upper sludge pool and in the range of the convex bottom 17 there is provided another thermal element 17 which measures the temperature of the lower sludge pool.
  • Respective thermal elements 16 and 17 continuously measure the temperature of the raw sludge flowing towards the reactor 1 and at the same time the temperature of the conditioned sludge flowing from the reactor 1. Both thermal elements are connected counter each other in a measuring circuit 18 where an output signal corresponding to the difference between the signals from thermal elements 16 and 17 is applied to a comparator circuit 19 where it is compared with a preset reference or nominal value.
  • the differential output signal from the circuit 18 differs from the preset nominal value in the comparator 19, the latter generates an output signal proportional to the deviation and this output signal is applied to the input of an electropneumatic signal converter 20 which generates at its output a pneumatic signal corresponding to the deviation and this pneumatic signal is applied to the input of a pneumatic position adjuster 21 which is coupled via pneumatic control drive 22 to the valve 5b in the discharge or exhaust gas conduit 8b and controls the flow through the valve 5b in accordance with the magnitude of the output signal from the comparator 19.
  • the pressure in the reactor vessel 1 is controlled by means of the extraneous steam admitted into the upper space of the reactor via the conduit 6e.
  • a component of a gas such as a carbon dioxide, which impairs the heat exchange. Due to this heat exchange inhibiting gas component the temperature of the sludge in the reactor 1 is several degrees centigrade below the saturation temperature. The sludge temperature is, therefore, controlled in such a manner that a certain amount of the present gaseous mixture is discharged through the valve 5a.
  • the heat exchange controlling device of this invention thus enables the pressures and temperatures in the respective direct heat exchangers 2a-2c to be automatically adjusted to optimum intermediate values which permit incremental increase of pressure and temperature of the incoming raw sludge and an incremental decrease in the pressure and temperature of the returned, conditioned sludge.
  • the aforedescribed automatic control can of course be replaced by a manual control.
  • the temperature measured by non-illustrated temperature measuring instruments has to be read periodically and according to the ascertained temperature difference the valves 5b-5d are controlled by hand.
  • the temperature difference is only one measure or indication of the occurrence of the heat exchange impairing gas component in respective heat exchangers. Due to the fact that this gas component is actually the only cause of the deterioration of the heat exchange, in another embodiment of this invention the measured value of this inert gas concentration is directly used as a controlling magnitude.
  • This gas concentration in individual direct heat exchangers is not constant but increases in the direction from the lower space to the upper space. Accordingly, the highest concentration of the inert gas component is in the exhaust gas in the uppermost space and in this area it is also measured.
  • the direct measurement of this gas component can be made by any suitable method such as described, for example, in the German Pat. No. 22 25 853.
  • moisture (steam) content is measured in the main stream of the exhaust gas mixture or in individual partial streams branching from individual direct heat exchangers whereby the residual is the heat exchange impairing gas component.
  • the control itself of the discharge of the exhaust gas from respective stations is effected similarly as in the preceding example described in connection with FIG. 2, only with the difference that instead of the temperature difference the value of concentration of the gas component is employed as the controlling magnitude.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
US06/048,433 1978-06-15 1979-06-14 Method of and a device for a continuous conditioning of sludges Expired - Lifetime US4261836A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2826132 1978-06-15
DE2826132A DE2826132C2 (de) 1978-06-15 1978-06-15 Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Konditionierung von Schlamm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4261836A true US4261836A (en) 1981-04-14

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US06/048,433 Expired - Lifetime US4261836A (en) 1978-06-15 1979-06-14 Method of and a device for a continuous conditioning of sludges

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4261836A (sv)
JP (1) JPS553895A (sv)
BR (1) BR7903487A (sv)
DE (1) DE2826132C2 (sv)
FR (1) FR2428614A1 (sv)
GB (1) GB2023117B (sv)
SE (1) SE432924B (sv)
SU (1) SU833154A3 (sv)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4451380A (en) * 1980-12-06 1984-05-29 Spence Derek W Waste disposal
US5593591A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-14 Unipure Corporation Production of dry, free flowing solids from bio-waste sludge
US6013183A (en) * 1998-08-05 2000-01-11 Paradigm Environmental Technologies Inc. Method of liquefying microorganisms derived from biological wastewater treatment processes
EP1136450A2 (de) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-26 BSBG Bremer Sonderabfallberatungsgesellschaft mbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln organischen Materials
US6372085B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recovery of fibers from a fiber processing waste sludge
US6444124B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-09-03 Theodore Onyeche System and method for improved treatment of wastewater
US20040060863A1 (en) * 2001-02-14 2004-04-01 Hojsqaard Soren J. Method and installation for the thermal hydrolysis of sludge
US20050039868A1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-02-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recycling of latex-containing broke
WO2011006854A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-20 Cambi As Method and device for thermal hydrolysis and steam explosion of biomass

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0289057B1 (de) * 1987-05-01 1991-06-12 Limus Umwelttechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von ausgefaultem Klärschlamm
JPH0243999A (ja) * 1988-06-16 1990-02-14 Shell Internatl Res Maatschappij Bv 中温加水分解反応器
GB2452071A (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-02-25 Willacy Oil Services Ltd An apparatus for treating sediment

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219579A (en) * 1962-10-18 1965-11-23 Kranz Berthold Method and arrangement for treating flowable waste material
US3464917A (en) * 1966-05-24 1969-09-02 Norstel & Templewood Hawksley Treatment of sewage and other organic sludges
US3661778A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-05-09 Sterling Drug Inc Wet air oxidization system for strong sludges and liquors
US3804755A (en) * 1971-08-02 1974-04-16 L Cervantes Sewage treatment system
US3986955A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-10-19 Sphere, Incorporated Effluent waste treatment process and apparatus
US4013560A (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-03-22 Sterling Drug Inc. Energy production of wet oxidation systems
US4100730A (en) * 1975-06-04 1978-07-18 Sterling Drug, Inc. Regulation of a wet air oxidation unit for production of useful energy

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272740A (en) * 1964-06-24 1966-09-13 Sterling Drug Inc Sewage sludge treatment process
DE2019731C3 (de) * 1970-04-20 1974-11-21 Ver Kesselwerke Ag Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Abwasserschlamm zur Verbesserung seiner Entwässerungseigenschaften und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE2137453C3 (de) * 1971-07-27 1980-07-03 Vereinigte Kesselwerke Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Aufbereitung von Abwasserschlamm

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219579A (en) * 1962-10-18 1965-11-23 Kranz Berthold Method and arrangement for treating flowable waste material
US3464917A (en) * 1966-05-24 1969-09-02 Norstel & Templewood Hawksley Treatment of sewage and other organic sludges
US3661778A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-05-09 Sterling Drug Inc Wet air oxidization system for strong sludges and liquors
US3804755A (en) * 1971-08-02 1974-04-16 L Cervantes Sewage treatment system
US3986955A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-10-19 Sphere, Incorporated Effluent waste treatment process and apparatus
US4013560A (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-03-22 Sterling Drug Inc. Energy production of wet oxidation systems
US4100730A (en) * 1975-06-04 1978-07-18 Sterling Drug, Inc. Regulation of a wet air oxidation unit for production of useful energy

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4451380A (en) * 1980-12-06 1984-05-29 Spence Derek W Waste disposal
US5593591A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-01-14 Unipure Corporation Production of dry, free flowing solids from bio-waste sludge
US6013183A (en) * 1998-08-05 2000-01-11 Paradigm Environmental Technologies Inc. Method of liquefying microorganisms derived from biological wastewater treatment processes
US6372085B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recovery of fibers from a fiber processing waste sludge
US6444124B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2002-09-03 Theodore Onyeche System and method for improved treatment of wastewater
EP1136450A2 (de) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-26 BSBG Bremer Sonderabfallberatungsgesellschaft mbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln organischen Materials
EP1136450A3 (de) * 2000-03-23 2002-04-03 BSBG Bremer Sonderabfallberatungsgesellschaft mbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln organischen Materials
US20040060863A1 (en) * 2001-02-14 2004-04-01 Hojsqaard Soren J. Method and installation for the thermal hydrolysis of sludge
US6966989B2 (en) * 2001-02-14 2005-11-22 Otv S.A. Method and installation for the thermal hydrolysis of sludge
US20050039868A1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-02-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recycling of latex-containing broke
US7364642B2 (en) 2003-08-18 2008-04-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Recycling of latex-containing broke
WO2011006854A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-20 Cambi As Method and device for thermal hydrolysis and steam explosion of biomass
US8673112B2 (en) 2009-07-13 2014-03-18 Cambi Technology As Method and device for thermal hydrolysis and steam explosion of biomass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7903487A (pt) 1980-01-22
GB2023117B (en) 1982-08-25
GB2023117A (en) 1979-12-28
SE432924B (sv) 1984-04-30
JPS553895A (en) 1980-01-11
DE2826132B1 (de) 1979-07-19
DE2826132C2 (de) 1980-03-27
SE7902161L (sv) 1979-12-16
FR2428614B1 (sv) 1983-04-29
SU833154A3 (ru) 1981-05-23
FR2428614A1 (fr) 1980-01-11

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