US4227878A - Dental handpiece - Google Patents

Dental handpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US4227878A
US4227878A US05/881,565 US88156578A US4227878A US 4227878 A US4227878 A US 4227878A US 88156578 A US88156578 A US 88156578A US 4227878 A US4227878 A US 4227878A
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United States
Prior art keywords
valve
actuator
plunger
handpiece
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/881,565
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerd Lohn
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Kaltenbach and Voigt GmbH
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Kaltenbach and Voigt GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C17/00—Devices for cleaning, polishing, rinsing or drying teeth, teeth cavities or prostheses; Saliva removers; Dental appliances for receiving spittle
    • A61C17/02—Rinsing or air-blowing devices, e.g. using fluid jets or comprising liquid medication
    • A61C17/0217—Rinsing or air-blowing devices, e.g. using fluid jets or comprising liquid medication having means for manually controlling the supply of two or more fluids, e.g. water and air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a dental handpiece for dispensing at least one fluid medium, such as air and/or water, and comprising; a supply duct extending within the handpiece for supplying a fluid medium to a dispensing outlet; a shut-off valve provided in the handpiece for controlling the supply of fluid medium from the supply duct to the dispensing outlet, the valve comprising a valve seat, a closure body moveable between open and closed positions relative to the valve seat, and a plunger operable from externally of the handpiece to move the closure body from the closed position to the open position; a valve actuator accessible from externally of the handpiece and coupled with the plunger; a transverse aperture provided in the handpiece, the valve actuator extending through the aperture; and a valve chamber communicating with the dispensing outlet and being communicable with the supply duct via the valve seat when the closure body is in its open position, the valve chamber receiving the plunger and being sealed against loss of fluid medium to the exterior of the handpiece via the transverse aperture.
  • a fluid medium such as air
  • the handpieces serve for guiding into the oral cavity of a patient, during tooth treatment, a drying, cooling or cleaning medium, which may optionally be heated, for example air and/or water.
  • the handpiece is connected to a flexible supply hose connected at the one end to a source of the medium under pressure and at the other end to the medium supply duct arranged in the handpiece.
  • a shut-off valve for example a supply duct for air and a supply duct for water, each shut-off valve having its own valve actuating knob.
  • the handpiece constitutes a so-called triple function syringe the first function of which, on actuating one of the knobs, is the dispensing of air, the second function of which, on actuating the other knob, is the dispensing of water and the third function of which, on jointly actuating the two knobs arranged in juxtaposition, is the dispensing of an air-water mixture.
  • valve actuating knob is rigidly connected to the valve plunger and is guided without clearance in transverse (radial) aperture and can therefore only be actuated by axial pressure coinciding with the axis of the valve plunger, the valve plunger being also guided without clearance through a bush secured in the handpiece in the valve chamber and having, at its end remote from the actuating knob, the valve seat for the valve closure body arranged rearwardly thereof, the actuating knob being secured against falling out of the radial aperture.
  • valve actuating knobs are arranged in an oblique face at the end of the handpiece remote from the supply hose end of the handpiece and since, as is conventional, a hollow needle provided with the dispensing aperture extends from this end, the dentist is compelled always to hold the handpiece with four fingers of the hollow hand, the hollow needle being directed in pistol-like manner away from the hand. Only this pre-determined holding by the hand in the manner of the grasping of a pistol makes it possible for the dentist to exert the aforementioned axial pressure on the valve actuating knob or knobs, for which purpose solely the thumb can be used, and this represents a limitation of the manipulation possibilities.
  • a dental handpiece for dispensing at least one fluid medium and comprising:
  • a supply duct extending within the handpiece for supplying a fluid medium to a dispensing outlet
  • shut-off valve provided in the handpiece for controlling the supply of fluid medium from the supply duct to the dispensing outlet, the valve comprising a valve seat, a closure body moveable between open and closed positions relative to said valve seat, and a plunger operable from externally of the handpiece to move the closure body from the closed position to the open position;
  • valve actuator accessible from externally of the handpiece and coupled with said plunger
  • valve chamber communicating with said dispensing outlet and being communicable with said supply duct via said valve seat when said closure body is in its open position, the said valve chamber receiving said plunger and being sealed against loss of fluid medium to the exterior of the handpiece via said transverse aperture;
  • valve actuator extends with clearance through said aperture into said valve chamber, and is moveable relative to said aperture and to said valve chamber in order to move said closure body to its open position via said plunger;
  • the essential advantage is achieved that the dentist or the assistant can grasp the handpiece not merely in the manner of grasping a pistol but also with any desired other posture of the hand, for example with the manner of holding by hand conventional for dental drilling handpieces, as if a pencil were being grasped, or also with all five fingers and with a to some extent transverse grasping movement.
  • actuation of the valve actuating knob is possible in simple manner, for example in the case of pencil grasped by means of the index finger, middle finger or ring finger and in the case of transverse embracing with all five fingers, in particular by the thumb, expediently with the outer portion of the thumb.
  • the handpiece can also be braced in the manner of a whip grasping movement with the four fingers of one hand, the thumb bearing at the peripheral zone of the handpiece located opposite the actuating knob or knobs.
  • the actuating knob can also readily be actuated with the index finger, middle or ring finger.
  • the ready mode of actuation described, both in the sense of an axial movement and also in particular in the sense of a tilting movement of the valve actuating knob is not only independent of the hand positioning applied in each particular instance on grasping the handpiece and during the extraction following thereof of the same out of a handpiece retaining arrangement arranged at the dental apparatus stand, but also substantially independently of the location of the arrangement of the actuating knob or knobs at the handpiece. It has also been found to be expedient that, in particular if there are two actuating knobs provided, the latter are arranged in juxtaposition in the direction of the axis of the elongate handpiece. The dentist or the assistant can then, in the easy manner mentioned and without looking towards them, i.e. by simple feel, jointly actuate the one, or the other, or both actuating knobs.
  • actuating knob or button In every case, i.e. on actuating the valve actuating knob or button by axial pressure alone or by tilting, the actuating knob again recovers its starting position, in which the shut-off valve is closed, after termination of its actuation in consequence of the pressure exerted by the pressure medium building-up on the valve closure body and therewith, via the valve plunger, on itself.
  • a supplementary restoring element may be provided by an arrangement whereby the valve actuating knob and/or the valve plunger is supported transversely of the axis of the valve plunger by a resilient supporting element relative to the handpiece or relative to a valve housing arranged in the handpiece.
  • This biased resilient supporting element may be constituted for example by a resilient spoke arrangement or, for simultaneous sealing of the valve towards the exterior, by an annular membrane surrounding the valve actuating knob or the stem thereof and/or the valve plunger.
  • the resilient support element provides, due to its bias, for restoring of the actuating knob, or it assists in such restoring.
  • a further preferred embodiment consists in that the valve actuating knob has a prolongation or lower portion thereof projecting into the valve chamber and the resilient support element is inserted under stress between the actuating knob and the prolongation, the valve chamber having a larger cross-section than the radial passage and the resilient support element being fixed at or in the walls of the valve chamber, the prolongation having a larger cross-section than the radial aperture or passage and bearing under pressure against the resilient support element bearing at the inner rim of the radial aperture, so that the prolongation, and therewith the valve actuating knob, is secured against release from the valve interior.
  • the prolongation is releasably connected with the valve actuating knob, for example by screwing-in a pin of the prolongation into a blind aperture formed in the actuating knob.
  • valve actuating knob may be effected by tilting if the valve plunger bears loosely against the prolongation.
  • valve plunger can be guided in a guiding bush arranged in the valve chamber of a valve element secured in the handpiece, it being possible to provide a supplementary recall element for the actuating knob and compression spring bearing at one end against the prolongation and at its other end against the valve element.
  • a further preferred development of the handpiece which is advantageous with regard to the fore-said easy running during tipping of the actuating knob, in the case of a shut-off valve arranged in a valve housing, is characterised in that the handpiece has a radially debouching chamber in the base zone of which (having a constricted cross-section) the arriving section of the medium supply duct terminates and in the main zone having a widened cross-section of which above this location there is inserted a valve housing designed in can-like or pot-like manner and in the base of which there is arranged the valve seat having a through passage for the medium and which in the open position of the valve is connected via an outlet duct of the valve housing with a section of the medium supply duct extending away to the dispensing aperture, the valve closure body having a larger cross-section than the valve seat and being arranged below the valve seat in the base zone of the chamber, and furthermore the outlet duct being connected via a connecting duct of the valve housing with the valve chamber (constitu
  • the sealing membrane After release of the valve actuating knob and upon application of the valve closure body against the valve seat, the sealing membrane travels back into its starting position, whereby any liquid building-up in the section of the medium supply duct extending to the dispensing aperture is sucked back into the valve chamber (constituting a suction chamber as referred to above), so that in the mouth of the liquid dispensing aperture there is no longer any liquid available such as might be entrained in undesirable manner when for example drying a tooth, on subsequent dispensing of air out of the dispensing aperture provided for this purpose and surrounding the liquid dispensing aperture, for example concentrically.
  • the valve closure body may be retained in the closed position against the valve seat solely due to the pressure of the medium building-up in the base zone of the chamber, or there may be provided for this purpose a spring acting on the closure body to close the valve and which is designed as a compression spring and which may be arranged in the base zone of the chamber of constricted cross-section.
  • the actuating knob or button has an external head which is mushroom-shaped and which has a larger cross-section than the radial aperture, there being provided, between the underside of the head facing the handpiece and the handpiece or the cover of the valve housing, a degree of spacing permitting tipping of the valve actuating knob.
  • a stop limiting the tipping movement of the valve actuating knob, inasmuch as on tipping the actuating knob the mushroom underside passes into abutment at the handpiece or at the cover of the valve housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, partly in section, of an elongate dental handpiece according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a detail sectional view of a first type of shut-off valve for use in the handpiece
  • FIG. 3 is a detail sectional view of a second type of shut-off valve for use in the handpiece.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates different modes of operation of the shut-off valves.
  • an elongate dental handpiece is provided with two fluid medium supply ducts 2 which extend within the interior of the handpiece to a concentric arrangement of dispensing apertures 3 (not shown in detail) at the end of a hollow needle 4 extending from one end of the handpiece at an angle to the general longitudinal axis A of the handpiece.
  • the handpiece is secured to a flexible supply hose 6 which, in a manner which is not shown, has two fluid medium supply lines, for example one for air and one for water, and which are connected to the supply ducts 2 in the handpiece 1.
  • a respective shut-off valve 5 Provided in each medium supply duct 2 (according to FIG. 1) is a respective shut-off valve 5.
  • the two shut-off valves 5 are arranged one behind the other with respect to the axis A of the handpiece 1.
  • valve closure body 7 of each shut-off valve 5 is urged against a valve seat 8 (for example according to FIG. 1 under the pressure of the fluid medium building-up in the supply duct 2) in order to shut-off the supply of fluid medium to the respective aperture 3.
  • the valve closure body 7 has associated with it a valve plunger 9 which is arranged in a valve chamber 10 that is sealed relative to the exterior.
  • a respective valve actuating knob 12 (or button) which can be manipulated from the exterior of the handpiece and which projects through a radial aperture 11 formed in the handpiece 1.
  • the knob 12 is depressed against the closure pressure acting on the body 7.
  • the valve actuating knob 12 is (as will be clear also from the subsequent embodiments) secured against unintentional release from the interior of the valve.
  • the knob 12 or the stem 12a thereof projects with radial clearance through the radial aperture 11 of the handpiece 1 into the valve chamber 10 (receiving the valve plunger 9), and the cross-section or diameter of chamber 10 is at least as large as the cross-section or diameter of the radial aperture 11--in the case illustrated, larger than the cross-section or the diameter of the radial aperture 11. While the entire depth of the chamber 10 may have the size and shape as described above, it would suffice for only the upper part of the chamber 10 which accommodates the movement of the stem 12a to have such shape and size.
  • a finger supporting trough 13 Provided on the periphery of the handpiece oppositely to the knobs 12 is a finger supporting trough 13 (see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 2 A first embodiment of shut-off valve 5 is shown in detail in FIG. 2, in which the valve closure body 7, the valve plunger 9 and the actuating knob 12 are in their entirety designed as a one-piece unit.
  • the valve plunger 9 extends through the valve seat 8, the closure body 7 being arranged on the side of the valve seat 9 remote from the plunger 9.
  • the valve chamber 10 and also the valve seat 8 have such a cross-section as to permit tilting of the one-piece unit.
  • the cross-section or diameter of the valve chamber 10 is larger than the cross-section or diameter of the valve plunger 9, and also of the stem 12a of the actuating knob 12.
  • the one-piece unit is, according to FIG. 2, restrained from moving relative to the handpiece 1 and transversely of the axis B of the unit by a resilient supporting element 14.
  • the resilient supporting element 14 may be constituted by an annular, biased diaphragm.
  • This resilient diaphragm is, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2, snap-fitted into an annular groove 12b formed in the actuating knob 12 or its stem 12a and, as subsequently described in connection with FIG. 3, inserted under tension in the side wall of the valve housing 24 which contains the individial elements of the valve 5.
  • shut-off valve 5 A further embodiment of shut-off valve 5 is shown in FIG. 3, in which the actuating knob 12 has a prolongation or lower portion thereof 15 projecting into the valve chamber 10, the resilient support element 14 being secured between the knob 12 or the stem 12a thereof and the prolongation 15.
  • the prolongation 15 has a pin 15b which projects into a threaded blind aperture formed in the actuating knob 12 and is screwed therein by means of a screwthread 12c which establishes a releasable connection between the prolongation 15 and the actuating knob 12.
  • the valve chamber 10 also has a larger cross-section than the radial aperture 11, the resilient support element (afforded also in this case by a sealing, biased membrane) being secured at or in the walls of the valve chamber 10, as will be discussed in greater detail later.
  • the prolongation 15 has a larger cross-section than the radial aperture 11 and bears under pressure against the resilient support element 14 (which bears at the inner edge of the radial aperture 11). In this manner, it is guaranteed that on actuating the actuating knob 12 in the sense of tilting the latter, a tilting inclination of the actuating knob 12 can be effected relative to the axis B. Furthermore, thereby the prolongation 15 (and therewith the actuating knob 12 screwed to it) is secured against release from the interior of the valve. With this embodiment, the valve plunger 9 may bear loosely against the prolongation 15.
  • valve plunger 9 is guided in a guide bush 16 arranged in the valve chamber 10 of a valve element 17 secured to the handpiece. Adjacent the resilient support element 14 (designed as a diaphragm) there is provided a supplementary restoring element for the actuating knob 12 in the form of a helical compression spring 18 bearing at one end against the prolongation 15 and at its other end against the valve element 17.
  • an end section 22 of the supply duct 2 terminates in a radially extending chamber 20 via a constricted cross-section base zone 21.
  • a pot-like valve housing 24 is inserted into a main zone 23 (having an enlarged cross-section) of the chamber 20 with its base 25 extending towards the base zone 21 of the chamber 20.
  • the valve seat 8 Arranged in the base 25 of the valve housing 24 is the valve seat 8 which, in the open position of the valve 5, is connected via an outlet duct 26 of the valve housing 24 to a section 19 of the medium supply duct 2 extending towards the dispensing aperture 3.
  • the valve closure body 7 (having a larger cross-section than the valve seat) is arranged, separate from the valve plunger 9, below the valve seat 8 in the base zone 21 of the chamber 20.
  • the outlet duct 26 is connected, via one or more connecting ducts 27 in the valve housing 24, to the valve chamber 10 in which is arranged the guiding bush 16 for the valve plunger 9, which extends through the valve seat 8 into abutment against the valve closure body 7.
  • the valve housing 24 is sealed by a cover 28 formed with the radial passage 11 for the actuating knob 12.
  • the cover 28 is screwed to the handpiece 1 by means of a screwthread 28a, so that subsequent to release of the cover 28 the valve housing 24 and therewith the entire shut-off valve 5 can be extracted.
  • the screwed-in cover 28 also forms a fixing element for the resilient support element 14 secured between the edge of the valve housing 24 and cover 28, so that subsequent to screwing-tight of the cover 28 the resilient support element 14 is also secured at its outer edge or rim. Subsequent to release of the actuating knob 12 and consequent application of the closure body 7 against the valve seat 8, the resilient support element 14 (operating as a diaphragm piston) is moved-back (outwardly) into its starting position, so that the valve chamber 10 acts as a suction chamber in such manner that any liquid present in the section 19 leading to the dispensing aperture 3 is sucked back into the valve chamber 10.
  • annular packing 29 permitting through-passage of the valve plunger 9.
  • the closure body 7 can be retained in the closed position solely by the pressure of the fluid medium building-up in the base zone 21 of the chamber 20, i.e. in abutment against the valve seat 8.
  • the closure body 7 will not be able to move upwardly against gravity from a position at or below the outlet of the section 22 of the medium supply duct 2. Therefore, since there may be the possibility of a failure in the movement of the closure body 7 into the closed position, there is arranged in the constricted base zone 21 of the chamber 20 a compression spring 30 acting on the closure body 7 to urge the latter against the valve seat 8 or against the packing 29.
  • the head 31 of the actuating knob 12 is located externally of the handpiece and is of mushroom-like design, having a larger cross-section than the radial aperture 11. With this arrangement, spacing is provided between the underside 31 of the head facing the handpiece 1, and the cover 28 of the valve housing 24. This spacing is sufficiently large that the actuating knob 12 is able to perform tilting movements about the axis B. Simultaneously, by this arrangement, there is provided a stop limiting the tilting movement of the actuating knob 12 when the underside 32 passes into abutment with the cover 28.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plurality of actuating possibilities for the actuating know 12.
  • the arrow 33 shown in full line illustrates the application of a direct axial pressure in the direction of the axis B (which is the only possible mode of actuation of the handpiece known from German Offenlegungsschrift 24 33 819).
  • the arrow 34 shown in broken line illustrates a tipping movement of the actuating knob 12 clockwise relative to the axis B, whereas the arrow 35 shown in dot-dash line illustrates a tilting movement of the actuating knob 12 relative to the axis B in anti-clockwise direction.
  • the individual positions of the actuating knob 12 during the three modes of actuation mentioned are shown in the same manner as the three arrows 33, 34, 35.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
US05/881,565 1977-03-14 1978-02-27 Dental handpiece Expired - Lifetime US4227878A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7707816 1977-03-14
DE7707816[U] 1977-03-19

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US4227878A true US4227878A (en) 1980-10-14

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US05/881,565 Expired - Lifetime US4227878A (en) 1977-03-14 1978-02-27 Dental handpiece

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US (1) US4227878A (it)
AT (1) AT352259B (it)
FR (1) FR2383655A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1594062A (it)
IT (2) IT1093332B (it)
SE (1) SE428171B (it)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2383655B1 (it) 1982-05-28
IT7821140A0 (it) 1978-03-13
SE428171B (sv) 1983-06-13
GB1594062A (en) 1981-07-30
IT7853013V0 (it) 1978-03-13
AT352259B (de) 1979-09-10
IT1093332B (it) 1985-07-19
SE7801694L (sv) 1978-09-15
ATA22178A (de) 1979-02-15
FR2383655A1 (fr) 1978-10-13

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