US4227248A - PCM Tone signal generator - Google Patents

PCM Tone signal generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US4227248A
US4227248A US06/026,790 US2679079A US4227248A US 4227248 A US4227248 A US 4227248A US 2679079 A US2679079 A US 2679079A US 4227248 A US4227248 A US 4227248A
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Prior art keywords
tone
addresses
signal
frame
signals
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/026,790
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English (en)
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Ernst A. Munter
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Nortel Networks Ltd
Roche Vitamins Inc
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Northern Telecom Ltd
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Assigned to NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED reassignment NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NORTEL NETWORKS CORPORATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/10—Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/12—Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/44—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current
    • H04Q1/444—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies
    • H04Q1/45—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies using multi-frequency signalling
    • H04Q1/457—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies using multi-frequency signalling with conversion of multifrequency signals into digital signals
    • H04Q1/4575—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with voice-band signalling frequencies using multi-frequency signalling with conversion of multifrequency signals into digital signals which are transmitted in digital form

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to telephone tone signalling generators and more particularly to a digital tone generator for use in a TDM system.
  • tone signals are transmitted between switching facilities and from time to to time to various of the subscribers connected with the telephone network.
  • the majority of these signals are usually of a single or multiple frequency tone signal type with the remainder being recorded voice announcements.
  • tone signals are provided for one of two functions; (1) audible tone signals, for example dial tone, intended for human reception, and (2) tone signals for example indicating digits or supervision, intended for machine reception and recognition.
  • the required tone signals can be generated by one or more analogue signal sources and then encoded to provide digital signals, or these tones can be generated directly as digital tone signals by one or more digital signal sources.
  • a multitude of different digital tone signals are provided by a single digital tone signal generator. These signals can be presented in a space division format with each signal sample persisting throughout the period of each TDM frame, or in a time division format with the various tone signals each being assigned a dedicated TDM channel, or in a combination of two formats.
  • the associated switching facility from time to time directs the required signalling from the output of the digital signal source to designated communication paths in the telephone network.
  • an analogue facility When an analogue transmission facility forms part of the communication path, the digital tone signalling is converted to voice frequency analogue signals before being applied to the analogue facility.
  • an analogue facility is a cable including many twisted wire pair communication circuits. In the cable, there is always a degree of interference due to a circuit picking up unwanted signals from adjacent circuits. This is generally termed crosstalk. In the case of signalling generated from a single source, a plurality of analogue circuits simultaneously carrying the same signalling aggravate this problem of crosstalk relative to other analogue circuits in the cable.
  • a digital tone signal generator in accordance with the invention generates a tone signal for TDM communication channels in an associated switching facility.
  • the signal generator includes a memory having digital signal samples representing the tone signal stored therein at accessible locations.
  • An access means responsive to timing signals corresponding to the operating format of the switching facility, causes the memory to read out digital signal samples representing at least two different phases of the tone signal during the period of a frame in the operating format.
  • the access means includes an address generator for generating addresses in a repetitive sequence.
  • a plurality of the addresses is generated during the period of each frame such that the plurality corresponds in number to a dividend yielding other than a whole number quotient with a given divisor corresponding to the number of the digital signal samples and submultiples of same other than 1.
  • the memory stores PCM signal samples representing a plurality of PCM tone signals.
  • the memory is also responsive to addresses from the associated switching facility whereby one of the plurality of the PCM tone signals is selected.
  • each tone is represented by an eighty sample sequence stored in the ROM.
  • an address sequence generator is driven by pulses of a bit rate clock signal from the switching facility.
  • the 320 ppf may also be divided by two or divided by four with the resultant pulses used to drive the address sequence generator.
  • the number of drive pulses available per frame must yield other than a whole number quotient when divided by the number of samples in the sample sequence of the tone signal and integer submultiples of same other than 1.
  • each assertion of a frame signal occurs during the period of a channel not used for voice band communication.
  • the frame signal is conveniently used to delete one of the drive pulses. This causes the tone sample sequence relative to any one channel to be progressed through in the reverse direction; however, the direction of the progression is of no consequence.
  • the sequence is preferably traversed more than one per frame occurrence. As there are more channels than samples in the sequence, some of the channels are supplied with tone signals of the same phase; however the occurrences of these pairs of channels requiring the same tone at the same moment is infrequent and therefore contribute minimally to crosstalk.
  • the invention also provides a method for generating a tone signal having at least two phases and being compatible with the timing of a frame and channel operating format in an associated switching facility in a communication system.
  • the method includes the steps of; accessibly storing digital signal samples capable of representing the tone signal; accessing ones of the stored digital signal samples which represent at least two different phases of the tone signal in response to timing signals corresponding to the timing of the operating format; and reading out the accessed samples during the period of a frame occurrence in the operating format.
  • the step of accessing ones of the stored digital signal samples is characterized in one embodiment by generating addresses in a sequence of addresses in response to the timing signals, wherein a plurality of the addresses is generated during the period of a frame occurrence in the operating format, such that the plurality of addresses corresponds in number to a dividend yielding other than a whole number quotient with a given divisor corresponding to the number of digital samples and submultiples of same other than 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a PCM tone signal generator for generating multiple frequency signalling in accordance with the invention.
  • the leads shown entering the generator from the left hand side of the drawing are for connection with a control unit in an associated TDM PCM switching facility which is not shown. All the leads shown existing from the generator toward the right hand side of the drawing are for connection to a transmission switching network in the TDM PCM switching facility.
  • the transmission switching network provides at least four highways of thirty two TDM channels of which thirty of the TDM channels are for voice band communication. Each channel carries 10-bit bytes repeating at an 8 KHz frame rate. The timing of the bits is represented by a clock signal consisting of 320 clock pulses per frame.
  • the PCM tone signal generator includes a read only memory (ROM) 10 with associated address circuitry and associated output circuitry.
  • ROM read only memory
  • Samples of fifteen multifrequency signalling tones T1-T15 are stored at address accessible locations in the ROM 10, as illustrated in a memory organization table 10a.
  • Each tone consists of two frequencies which are indicated in hertz and is represented by eighty samples of eight bits each.
  • the samples of each tone are stored at address locations within address ranges as indicated at the left side of the table 10a.
  • Cross-hatched portions of the table 10a indicate areas of the ROM 10 which are not used.
  • the standard multifrequency signalling tones T1-T15 are conveniently stored in a single ROM having 2048 addressable storage locations each having an eight bit storage capacity.
  • the clock signal is received from the switching facility by a divide by two circuit 2 via a clock lead.
  • the divide by two circuit 2 generates clock pulses occurring at a 160 ppf repetition rate.
  • a frame signal received from the switching facility on a lead 4 includes a low signal state which occurs once in 320 of the pulses in the clock signal and with a duration of twice the period of the clock signal.
  • the frame signal is ANDed with the 160 ppf clock pulses in an AND gate 3 to generate a clock pulse stream of 159 ppf.
  • a counter circuit is provided by first and second four bit counters 5 and 6. The first four bit counter 5 counts the pulses on the 159 ppf pulse stream to generate the four least significant address bits of a sample address sequence.
  • the second four bit counter 6 is connected to the carry output CO of the first counter 5.
  • the second counter 6 counts assertions at the carry output CO of the first counter 5 to generate the three most significant bits of the sample address sequence.
  • the second counter 6 includes data inputs D0, D1 and D3 connected to a positive potential +V and a data input D2 connected to ground.
  • a carry output CO is connected via an inverter 7 to a load input LD of the second counter 6.
  • the counter When the counter reaches a full count of 255 the carry output of the counter 6 is asserted, causing the counter 6 to receive a load signal via the inverter 7 at its load input LD.
  • the output of the first counter 5 changes from all ONES to all ZEROS.
  • the counter thus generates a series of eighty addresses in an address range of 176 to 255.
  • the address range is traversed twice minus one address during each frame occurrence.
  • the particular one of the tones T1-T15 being accessed at any instant in time is determined by an address from the associated switching facility conducted via leads 9 to the most significant address inputs of the ROM 10.
  • Each sample from the ROM 10 is presented via the sample output bus 12 to the inputs of four selector buffer circuits 15-18 each of which has an eight bit register. During the time of a channel period, up to four of the samples are received by the selector buffer circuits 15-18.
  • Each of the selector buffer circuits 15-18 registers the output of the ROM 10 in response to an associated one of four buffer load select leads 13 being asserted.
  • Each selector buffer circuit 15-18 outputs a sample of eight bits on an associated one of four PCM signal highways 20-23 under the control of signals from the associated switching facility, carried on an output control lead 14.
  • a given tone sample will from time to time be supplied to two different TDM channels occurring in the period of a given frame occurrence.
  • This overlap occurs because each of the multifrequency tones T1-T15 is represented by only 80 samples while there are 120 channels for which tone samples are supplied.
  • samples of the tone are shared by some of the 120 TDM voice band channels.
  • crosstalk is insignificant as compared to a situation wherein for example all of the 120 TDM channels are supplied in phase.
  • Audible tones for example audible ringing, busy tone, and dial tone, required for subscriber loop signalling are generated by a signal generator similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the 2048 byte ROM in this case is organized as illustrated in the following ROM organization table to accommodate address circuitry conveniently constructed from "off-the-shelf" circuits.
  • each individual address range includes 200 addresses, with 400 addresses each allocated to audible ringing and busy tones respectively and 800 addresses allocated to dial tone.
  • Two 4-bit counters are arranged to count the 159 ppf similar to the counters 5 and 6 in FIG. 1, however over the range of 200 addresses, that is from address 56 to address 255.
  • the 4-bit counters are followed by a 2-bit counter which extends the total address range to 800.
  • tone address signals One of the three tones is selected by tone address signals, from the associated switching facility.
  • the tone address signals are used to provide the most significant bit of the address and to gate the outputs of the 2 bit counter to indicate in the resultant address one of the 400 address ranges or the 800 address range.
  • the sequence of the samples stored in the ROM 10 in relation to the inherent characteristics of the TDM format permits the samples to relate directly to the normal progression of addresses. This is true if either 159 ppf or 161 ppf is applied to the counter 5. However, in the case of audible ringing, busy tone and dial tone generation, the samples are staggered with relation to the addresses. In the case of 159 counts per frame, the samples of a sequence are lodged 159 address locations apart.
  • the following address allocation table illustrates 16 of the address storage locations for a 400 sample sequence of audible ringing, a 400 sample sequence of busy tone, and an 800 sample sequence of dial tone. The first sample is arbitrarily indicated as being stored at the first address for each of the audible tones.
  • the address locations for the samples are determined by adding 159 to each address to determine the next address.
  • the next address is found to lie in an area outside the permissible range as indicated in the ROM organization table, or has traversed that area, 56 is also added.
  • audible ringing when the sum exceeds 511 then 512 is subtracted to determine the next address.
  • dial tone when the sum exceeds 2047 then 1024 is subtracted to determine the next address.
  • busy tone when the sum of 1023 is exceeded then 512 is subtracted to determine the next address.
  • single frequency tones for example a 480 Hz high tone, a 2600 Hz tone at -20 dBm and a 2600 Hz tone at -8 dBm can be generated.
  • the high tone consists of a 50 sample sequence and each of the 2600 Hz tones consist of a 40 sample sequence.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Devices For Supply Of Signal Current (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
US06/026,790 1979-03-01 1979-04-03 PCM Tone signal generator Expired - Lifetime US4227248A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA322547 1979-03-01
CA322,547A CA1124898A (en) 1979-03-01 1979-03-01 Pcm tone signal generator

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US4227248A true US4227248A (en) 1980-10-07

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US06/026,790 Expired - Lifetime US4227248A (en) 1979-03-01 1979-04-03 PCM Tone signal generator

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US (1) US4227248A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55117374A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATA108480A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1124898A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2450537A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2044040B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE454830B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346263A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-08-24 Badger Meter, Inc. Signalling arrangement for telephone equipment
US4347607A (en) * 1980-05-09 1982-08-31 Harris Corporation Voice alarm signalling system
US4349704A (en) * 1979-12-31 1982-09-14 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Digital multifrequency signal generator
US4394743A (en) * 1980-12-18 1983-07-19 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Tone generation method and apparatus using stored reference calibration coefficients
US4498171A (en) * 1983-05-06 1985-02-05 Northern Telecom Limited Tone source for telephone systems
US4535454A (en) * 1983-09-15 1985-08-13 At&T Information Systems Inc. Multifrequency tone distribution using a conferencing arrangement
US4541088A (en) * 1982-10-08 1985-09-10 Standard Telephones And Cables, Plc Tone generation circuit for automatic PCM-TDM telecommunication exchange
US4724534A (en) * 1985-07-13 1988-02-09 Bbc Aktiengesellschaft, Brown, Boverie & Cie Method and apparatus for transmitting binary data signals by frequency shift keying
US4878217A (en) * 1987-01-30 1989-10-31 Pioneer Ansafone Manufacturing Corporation Data outputting device
US4881221A (en) * 1988-06-23 1989-11-14 Kentrox Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for disabling an echo canceller on a digital telecommunications network
US5001660A (en) * 1989-04-27 1991-03-19 Hewlett-Packard Company Waveform generation method using stored complex data
US5123009A (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-06-16 Racal Data Communications Inc. Method and apparatus for disabling an echo canceller
US5687177A (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-11-11 Dialogic Corporation Tone blocking using variable delay buffer
US5978388A (en) * 1995-12-30 1999-11-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Tone generator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2529426B1 (fr) * 1982-06-29 1988-05-06 Thomson Csf Mat Tel Generateur de frequences utilisees dans un autocommutateur temporel numerique
GB2134752B (en) * 1983-01-18 1986-08-06 Plessey Co Plc Tone generator
US4881190A (en) * 1986-09-02 1989-11-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Digitally programmable signal generator and method

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985965A (en) * 1975-07-02 1976-10-12 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Digital signal generator
US4017693A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-04-12 Roche Bernard G Synthesizer of multifrequency code signals
US4058805A (en) * 1975-06-16 1977-11-15 Comdial Corporation Digital multitone generator for telephone dialing
US4110562A (en) * 1977-01-26 1978-08-29 Trw Inc. Service generator for generating a plurality of tones

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3706855A (en) * 1970-10-02 1972-12-19 Gte Automatic Electric Lab Inc Generator for digital pulse signals representative of analog signal pairs

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017693A (en) * 1974-09-30 1977-04-12 Roche Bernard G Synthesizer of multifrequency code signals
US4058805A (en) * 1975-06-16 1977-11-15 Comdial Corporation Digital multitone generator for telephone dialing
US3985965A (en) * 1975-07-02 1976-10-12 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Digital signal generator
US4110562A (en) * 1977-01-26 1978-08-29 Trw Inc. Service generator for generating a plurality of tones

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"The Concept of an Improved Digital MFC Generator" by Mazzaferri in Australian Telecommunication Research, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 38-49, 1976. *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4349704A (en) * 1979-12-31 1982-09-14 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Digital multifrequency signal generator
US4346263A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-08-24 Badger Meter, Inc. Signalling arrangement for telephone equipment
US4347607A (en) * 1980-05-09 1982-08-31 Harris Corporation Voice alarm signalling system
US4394743A (en) * 1980-12-18 1983-07-19 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Tone generation method and apparatus using stored reference calibration coefficients
US4541088A (en) * 1982-10-08 1985-09-10 Standard Telephones And Cables, Plc Tone generation circuit for automatic PCM-TDM telecommunication exchange
US4498171A (en) * 1983-05-06 1985-02-05 Northern Telecom Limited Tone source for telephone systems
US4535454A (en) * 1983-09-15 1985-08-13 At&T Information Systems Inc. Multifrequency tone distribution using a conferencing arrangement
US4724534A (en) * 1985-07-13 1988-02-09 Bbc Aktiengesellschaft, Brown, Boverie & Cie Method and apparatus for transmitting binary data signals by frequency shift keying
US4878217A (en) * 1987-01-30 1989-10-31 Pioneer Ansafone Manufacturing Corporation Data outputting device
US4881221A (en) * 1988-06-23 1989-11-14 Kentrox Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for disabling an echo canceller on a digital telecommunications network
US5001660A (en) * 1989-04-27 1991-03-19 Hewlett-Packard Company Waveform generation method using stored complex data
US5123009A (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-06-16 Racal Data Communications Inc. Method and apparatus for disabling an echo canceller
US5687177A (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-11-11 Dialogic Corporation Tone blocking using variable delay buffer
US5978388A (en) * 1995-12-30 1999-11-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Tone generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2450537A1 (fr) 1980-09-26
JPS55117374A (en) 1980-09-09
SE8001611L (sv) 1980-09-02
FR2450537B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-04-06
GB2044040A (en) 1980-10-08
CA1124898A (en) 1982-06-01
SE454830B (sv) 1988-05-30
ATA108480A (de) 1989-08-15
GB2044040B (en) 1983-03-23

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