US4163720A - Apparatus for the biological purification of waste water - Google Patents

Apparatus for the biological purification of waste water Download PDF

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Publication number
US4163720A
US4163720A US05/884,632 US88463278A US4163720A US 4163720 A US4163720 A US 4163720A US 88463278 A US88463278 A US 88463278A US 4163720 A US4163720 A US 4163720A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tank
waste water
sludge
withdrawing
tanks
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/884,632
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English (en)
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Hans Mueller
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Process Engineering Co SA
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Process Engineering Co SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C02F1/385—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation by centrifuging suspensions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for the multistage biological purification of waste water, particularly for the degradation of carbohydrate and protein-containing industrial waste water.
  • Waste water is very effectively purified through a combination of anaerobic and aerobic degradation.
  • Such processes are well known.
  • the waste water is first treated in an anaerobic stage in order to produce methane and is subsequently treated aerobically in an activated sludge process to cause oxidation and flocculation of the sewage by bacterial action.
  • the sewage then settles and yields a harmless effluent.
  • This combination of anaerobic and aerobic treatment can attain a 99.9% reduction in the biochemical demand of waste water.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a simplified, space- and material-saving apparatus for the multistage biological purification of highly polluted waste water, particularly for the degradation of carbohydrate- and protein-containing industrial waste water.
  • an aeration tank is installed in a tank for the anaerobic degradation of the waste water.
  • the aeration tank has a lower portion shaped like a cone for the reception of sludge.
  • the thereby evolved heat is directly used for the heating of the anaerobic stage.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section through the inventive apparatus
  • FIG. 2 shows a variation of the sludge discharge shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows the installation of FIG. 1 in a rectangular container
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment with a preparation apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the inventive apparatus, in cross section, within an upright tank. This apparatus, however, could be installed in a horizontal tank.
  • Pump 2 connects tank 1 to tank 3.
  • Tank 3 is closed, and has a vent 4.
  • Tank 5 is installed within tank 3 and is provided with a settling cone. This tank 5 is open to the atmosphere at the top and is provided with an aerator 6, which may have any of a variety of designs.
  • a conduit 7 connects tank 3 to tank 5; the conduit 7 is preferably provided with a check valve 8.
  • Tank 5 is shaped as a sediment-collecting vessel. Below the aerator 6, the tank 5 has a baffle plate 9.
  • the baffle plate 9 directs the movement of sludge in the desired direction-apertures in the baffle plate and are present only along the walls of the tank.
  • the cone 10 is connected to a pump 12 by a conduit 11 and a valve 14.
  • a similar valve 13 is provided in the discharge conduit between the tank 3 and the pump 12.
  • the valves 15 and 16 are installed in the return line; the valve 17 is installed in the exhaust vent line.
  • the apertures 18 of the sluable drain 19 open below the baffle plate 9.
  • a tank 20 containing an alkaline solution is connected to the tank 3 by a conduit and a valve 21 within that conduit.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the inventive concept, this embodiment being specifically intended for protein and carbohydrate recovery; the tank 3 is surrounded by a container-like jacket 22.
  • This jacket 22 has a bottom portion provided with an aerator 23, which is connected to a conduit 24 for compressed air.
  • a conduit 25 enters the jacket 22 from a separator 26, which can be a centrifuge and/or a filter.
  • the conduit 27 for the concentrated biomass (including proteins and carbohydrates) extends from the separator 26 to an unillustrated drier.
  • a conduit for the filtrate leads from the bottom of the separator 26 to a tank 28; a conduit 29 leads from the tank 28 back into the tank 3.
  • the waste water passes from tank 1 under the force provided by the pump 2 into tank 3, in which the anaerobic stage of treatment is performed.
  • the methane gas forming during the anaerobic fermentation is carried away from tank 3 by a vent 4 after purification to an unillustrated gas receiver.
  • the overflow of the anaerobically treated waste water is conveyed into an end of the conduit 7.
  • a check valve 8 At the opposite end of this conduit 7 and inside aerator tank 5 is a check valve 8, which acts to prevent backflow of aerated water into the anaerobic tank 3.
  • the aerator aggregate 6 is activated by a conventional drive unit.
  • the baffle plate 9, appropriately located below the top level of the aerated water, serves to separate the aerating zone from a calm zone underneath. The sludge can therefore sediment downwardly only alongside the walls.
  • the aerobically formed sludge falls downwardly into the cone 10 of the tank 5.
  • the sludge is then drawn off through conduit 11 under the force of pump 12.
  • pump 12 also draws off the anaerobically formed sludge from tank 3.
  • the proportion of aerobically formed to anaerobically formed sludge can be adjusted by means of the valves 13 and 14.
  • a portion of the resulting sludge mixture can be directed into the anaerobic tank 3 by way of valve 16 and under the force of pump 12.
  • Another portion can be similarly directed into the aerobic tank 5 by way of valve 15.
  • Excess sludge is discharged from the system through valve 17.
  • the excess sludge typically amounts to about 5-10% of the total sludge.
  • the purified water is withdrawn from the calm area in the aerobic tank 5, i.e., that portion below the baffle plate 9.
  • the outlet 19 serves as the withdrawing means; it can be adjusted to enter the calm zone at varying desirable heights of the aerobic tank 5. Such an adjustment will regulate the waste water level in both tanks 3 and 5 since they are connected via conduit 7.
  • An alkaline solution is supplied to the anaerobic tank 3 from tank 20 in order to maintain the conventionally desirable pH for the anaerobic treatment by neutralizing the generated acidity.
  • the illustrated arrangement is a self-regulatable system with the exception of the sludge return lines.
  • the volume of sludge produced by the anaerobic tank relative to that produced by the aerobic tank is in a proportion of 1:5 to 1:10.
  • the anaerobically produced sludge and aerobically produced sludge can be mixed in a bottom portion common to both tanks 3 and 5 (as illustrated by FIG. 2). Then, sludge in the aerobic tank 5 falls directly onto the anaerobically produced sludge--both are then drawn off together by pump 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows the inventive arrangement in a rectangular tank which can be constructed either above or below ground.
  • the above-described apparatus is particularly suitable for treating highly polluted waste water, particularly so when it is important to use the most economical means for purifying such water without concern for recovering potentially utilizable compounds other than methane--which can be used to help to heat the anaerobic stage to conventionally desirable temperatures.
  • FIG. 4 shows an apparatus for such a combination.
  • the second and third stages of purification correspond to those previously described in descriptions of FIGS. 1-3.
  • a jacket (that is, a further container) 22 is installed around the anaerobic tank 3.
  • the jacket 22 is equipped with an aerator 23 at the bottom of the jacket 22 and a compressed air conduit 24.
  • the waste water enters into the jacket 22 from tank 1 under the force of pump 2.
  • Carbohydrate-containing waste water like whey waste water, is fermented with a yeast and the biomass from the jacket 22 is separated by means of a centrifuge 26.
  • the concentrated biomass is withdrawn from centrifuge 26 by way of conduit 27 which leads to a conventional drier. Afterwards, the dried biomass is ready for foodstuff preparation.
  • the residual effluent and the wash water is directed into tank 28 from which it is pumped through conduit 29 into anaerobic tank 3.
  • the heat produced during the yeast fermentation is used to heat the anaerobic tank 3 to a temperature of 35°-40° C. in order to accelerate the anaerobic degradation.
  • the waste water from the centrifuge still has a relatively high biochemical oxygen demand.
  • This waste water is directed into the anaerobic tank 3 and subsequently into the aerator tank 5 in order to drastically reduce the biochemical oxygen demand--to substantially no more than 1.2% of the biochemical oxygen demand of the waste water leaving the centrifuge.
  • Byproducts recovered from the degradation of the wastes therefore include a valuable feed yeast (about 2% by weight) as well as methane (about 0.5 m 3 /kg biochemical oxygen demand).
  • the dwell time in the anaerobic tank is about 5-10 days.
  • yeast in an amount of 1.5% by weight can be produced.
  • the inventive concept can also be applied to processings of diverse wastes like the residual liquid from distillation of alcohol, fruit residues, waste water from fermentation, or to processes involving antibiotic production, amino acid production and citric acid production as well as to waste water from the starch and sugar industries.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
US05/884,632 1977-03-04 1978-03-06 Apparatus for the biological purification of waste water Expired - Lifetime US4163720A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH271577A CH619675A5 (hu) 1977-03-04 1977-03-04
CH2715/77 1977-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4163720A true US4163720A (en) 1979-08-07

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US05/884,632 Expired - Lifetime US4163720A (en) 1977-03-04 1978-03-06 Apparatus for the biological purification of waste water

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4163720A (hu)
JP (1) JPS53130858A (hu)
AT (1) AT357955B (hu)
CH (1) CH619675A5 (hu)
DE (1) DE2808790A1 (hu)
FR (1) FR2382407A1 (hu)
IT (1) IT1093841B (hu)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350588A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-09-21 Junjiro Tsubota Biological fermentation device
US4372856A (en) * 1981-03-30 1983-02-08 Morrison Jon R Process and system for anaerobic treatment of waste
US5281335A (en) * 1989-07-28 1994-01-25 Eberhard Kuhn Process, installation and reactor for biological treatment of waste water

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56126490A (en) * 1980-03-10 1981-10-03 Nichiyuu Koki Kk Cattle waste treating method
DE3144019A1 (de) * 1981-11-05 1983-05-19 Agrotechnika, N.P., podnikové riaditelstvo, Zvolen Vorrichtung zur biologischen reinigung kohlenstoff- und stickstoffhaltiger abwaesser
JPS58119394A (ja) * 1982-01-07 1983-07-15 Syst Nogyo Center:Kk メタン醗酵方法と装置
JPS59203697A (ja) * 1983-05-06 1984-11-17 Hoxan Corp メタン発酵処理方法とその装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010581A (en) * 1959-08-17 1961-11-28 Dorr Oliver Inc Apparatus for the treatment of polluted liquids
US3166501A (en) * 1963-05-17 1965-01-19 Spohr Guenter Plant for sewage treatment
US3168465A (en) * 1960-05-31 1965-02-02 Leon S Kraus Anaerobic-aerobic sewage treatment and apparatus therefor
US3753897A (en) * 1971-03-16 1973-08-21 Y Lin Sewage treatment method and apparatus
US3963619A (en) * 1973-09-07 1976-06-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for the prevention of scaling in desalination apparatus
US4033875A (en) * 1975-01-21 1977-07-05 Ontario Research Foundation Waste water treatment apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010581A (en) * 1959-08-17 1961-11-28 Dorr Oliver Inc Apparatus for the treatment of polluted liquids
US3168465A (en) * 1960-05-31 1965-02-02 Leon S Kraus Anaerobic-aerobic sewage treatment and apparatus therefor
US3166501A (en) * 1963-05-17 1965-01-19 Spohr Guenter Plant for sewage treatment
US3753897A (en) * 1971-03-16 1973-08-21 Y Lin Sewage treatment method and apparatus
US3963619A (en) * 1973-09-07 1976-06-15 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for the prevention of scaling in desalination apparatus
US4033875A (en) * 1975-01-21 1977-07-05 Ontario Research Foundation Waste water treatment apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350588A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-09-21 Junjiro Tsubota Biological fermentation device
US4372856A (en) * 1981-03-30 1983-02-08 Morrison Jon R Process and system for anaerobic treatment of waste
US5281335A (en) * 1989-07-28 1994-01-25 Eberhard Kuhn Process, installation and reactor for biological treatment of waste water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT7820456A0 (it) 1978-02-21
DE2808790A1 (de) 1978-09-07
FR2382407A1 (fr) 1978-09-29
JPS53130858A (en) 1978-11-15
CH619675A5 (hu) 1980-10-15
AT357955B (de) 1980-08-11
ATA153878A (de) 1979-12-15
IT1093841B (it) 1985-07-26
FR2382407B3 (hu) 1980-10-24

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