US415704A

US415704A - Gaseous-fuel burner

Info

Publication number: US415704A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1889-11-26
Anticipated expiration: 1906-11-26

Description

2 Sheets Sheet 1.

T. A. BRYAN.

GASEOUS FUEL BURNER.

(No Model.)

N0. 415,704 Patented Nov. 26, 1889.

llaall in 4 N. PEYRS. Photwlilhogmphcr: Washington, D C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. T. A. BRYAN.

A GASEOUS FUEL BURNER.

No. 415,704. Patented Nov. 26, 18189.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS A. BRYAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

GASEOUS-FUEL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,704, dated November 26, 1889.

Application filed June 4, 1889- To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS A. BRYAN, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gaseous-Fuel Burners; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in gaseous-fuel burners.

Innumerable experiments have hitherto been made with a view to the construction of a burner in which there will be perfect combustion and a uniform and steady flame from 1 all the jets without emitting obnoxious and pernicious gases and forming a deposit upon everything with which the flame comes in contact. Efforts have also been made, but without success, to prevent lash back in the burner, and in addition to this to avoid the almost continuous recurrence of explosive noises which attendthe imperfect combustion due to improper construction of burners or imperfect mixing of air and gas, and especially upon turning or shutting off the gas. Attempts have been made to overcome these objections in various ways, and among others by placing wire-gauze inside the burner; but this does not prevent lash back, and in a short time the meshes of the wire become clogged, so that the burner is worthless and beyond repair or renovation.

The primary object of my invention is to obviate these objectionable features and produce a burner which can be easily manufactured, and involving no additional expense to the purchaser, but which will aid combustion and commingling of air and gas in such proportions as to economize consumption, pro duce a more perfect and intense flame than has hitherto result-ed, entirely prevent the generation of carbonicoxide gas or other deleterious gases, prevent ,eharrin g or other carbonaceous deposits on the interior walls of the burner, pipes, or upon the surface of the article being heated, and which will completely dispense with any lashing back of the flame, friction, clogging, or the disagreeable explosive noise usually produced by lighting or turning down the gas; and with these ob j ects in view my invention consists in a burner cast in one integral piece, with such arrangement of gas and air passages as to effect a most perfect mixing and chemical decomposition of the gas and a complete assimilation of the carbon and oxygen contained in the eommingled gas and air, and in such a manner and with such construction of parts as will entirely prevent the above-mentioned objectionable features of former devices of similar character.

It further consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the'claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is I a side elevation of my improved burner, parts thereof being in section to display the interior construction. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sec tional view on the line 0c 00 of Fig. 1, looking downward. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the same line, looking upward; and Fig. 4 is a View of a portion of a heat generator and designed for use therein.

A represents the burner, which is prefera bly cast in a single piece of metal, with the required gas and air passages in and around it, as-will be referred to in detail. The burner is cast in two concentric hollow rings 1 and 2, the inner of which is enough smaller than the outer one to allow sufficient-sized airopenings 3 3 between them, through which an upward draft of air is always produced to insure a perfect combustion at the gas-orifices and a regular and steady flame. The openings 3 3 are necessarily broken at intervals by connecting-arms 4 4, which join the two rings and maintain them in their proper relative positions. The gas-chambers 5 5, formed in the rings, are of 'the same diameter, and their bottoms are flat and in the same horizontal plane, while their inner walls preferably extend at right angles to the bottom walls. The chambers 5 5 communicate with each other through the orifices (3 6, formed in the connecting-arms 4: at. The bottoms of these orifices are coextensive with the bottoms of the circular chambers, and the gas thus has a free and unobstructed flow from one chamber to the other. The upper wall with it located in position extends slightly below the upper walls of the radiator pipe with the burner particularly circular chambers to form a lip 7 therein. Thus it is seen that distribution-chambers are entirely avoided, and consequent lash back is prevented.

A peculiarity in the formation of the top walls of the circular chambers is to be noticed in this connection, as a valuable part of myinvention lies in this feature. A narrow, flat, and central ridge 8 projects downward a short distance from the top wall of each chamber, leaving an annular recess 9 upon each side, which constitutes a kind of gascushion or reserve-chamber for retaining a supply of gas which is only consumed when gas is turned off. The lash back and also the explosive report which always accompanies the sudden shutting off of the gas at the jet-orifices, and which is not only annoying, but causes the emission of carbonic-oxide gas, as well as other obnoxious fumes, and, furthermore, is positively dangerous and liable to result seriously, is due to the fact that the entire supply of gas is simultaneously cut off, and the consequent tendency is for the flame to follow the gas back inside the burner until all gas remaining is consumed. This burning is of the gas alone, without the proper commingled oxygen of the atmosphere, which is otherwise mixed with it when the usual gas pressure is present. The object of this construction is to absolutely prevent this, and this end is attained .by maintaining this reserve from which the jets are fed for a moment after the gas is turned off with a gradually-diminishing supply, so that the flame dies slowly, and by the time the gas from the reserve-chambers is consumed all of the gas left inside the burner has risen to the flame, instead of the flame going back to it. In short, the reservechambers furnish a momentary supply which is adequate to keep the flame at the jets and prevent all backlash. Still another advantage derived is that any irregularity in the supply of gas is compensated and equalized by this reserve of gas, which is always in readiness for consumption. This reserve also supplies the individual jets, so that all are fed alike.

Corresponding upwardlyprojecting ridges 10 are formed opposite the inner ridges, but on top of the burner, and the jet-orifices 11 11 are formed in the

ridges

8 and 10. The advantage of the elevated ridges on top is to afford space immediately around the jets for the air, and also to prevent any friction which might otherwise result if the gas were burned on a level with the wide flat top of the burner; also to prevent any clogging up of the gasopenings by grease or any refuse accumulation. On top of the connecting-arms 4 4, tapering upwardly, projecting lugs 12 12 are formed, and they serve as supports for anything which may be placed over the burner to be heated, and being tapered prevent any friction with theflame.

Gas-tubes 13, preferably three in number, open into the inner circular chamber of the burner opposite the orifices 6 6, and these tubes converge at their lower ends into one tube 14 for the ingress of gas. The central portion of the burner, as shown at 14, immediately over the converging tube 13, is open for the supply of air at this point to the burner. As the air is thus supplied on each side of the jets with equal pressure, no tenting or inequality in the flame takes place, and, furthermore, perfect combustion results. The format-ionof the gas-chambers described is such that distribution-chambers,which always tend to produce backlash, are avoided. A follower 15 is screwed into this tube 14 and a pipe-section 15 is screwed into the follower. A perforated shell 16 is screwed onto the lower end of this pipe-section to form a commingling-chamber for the air and gas, and the gas-jet nozzle 17 from the gas-supply pipe opens into this chamber about opposite or a little above the openings in the shell. VVithin this chamber the gas and air are mixed prior to combustion, and the passage of the gas injected into the pipe is sufficient to create a draft which sucks in an adequate quantity of oxygen to produce a perfect burningfluid.

The burners may be placed in greater or less numbers, according to the demand, and instead of placing them on a rigid servicepipe they may be attached to an ordinary burner by means of a piece of flexible hose.

The burner employed with the generator and radiator pipe is slightly different from the one just described; but this one also consists of one integral piece of metal. In this form there is but one ring, and located immediately beneath the opening 19 in this is the flame-plate 20, which takes the place of the smaller ring in the former construction. The two are connected by a pair of arms 21 21, and these being hollow furnish a means of communication between the two parts.

Abundance of air is supplied to this burner from the outside, and also through the opening 19. The heat also from the flame at the lower set of jets heats the chamber above, and thus rarefies the gas therein, producing an improved combustion. This burner is particularly applicable to use with the generating and radiating pipes. The pipe 22 constitutes this generator. It is made in several integral sections, or may be cast in one piece 23 23, diminishing in size upwardly. The largest section 24 is provided with a door 25, having mica therein, so that the flame is Visible from the outside and the lighting may be done by simply opening the door and applying amatch. The burner rests in this pipe, where it is retained in position. The usual radiating-pipe is connected with the upper end of the generator-pipe. Generally from one to eight or more of these generator or radiator pipes are placed in a heater, and perfeet control may be had to regulate the heat, and, if desired, the radiator and generator may have air-holes for the supply of air.

In conclusion, it may be said that actual use has thoroughly demonstrated the practicability of my invention, and all the advantages herein claimed have been actually found to result from its use, and it was only after a great many careful tests that the results were accomplished; and in addition to what has been already said in its favor it may be well to mention the fact that in the event of the jets or the interior becoming clogged by grease, dirt, or other refuse, it may be easily cleaned by simply removing it and boiling it out in a basin of water.

It is evident that some changes might be resorted to in the form and arrangement of the several parts described without departin g from the spirit and scope of my invention, and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the particular construction herein set forth; but,

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a gaseous-fuel burner, the combination, with two or more communicatingchambers having jet-orifices therein, of gas-reserve chambers adjacent to and on opposite sides of the several series of jet-orifices, for maintaining a supply of gas for equalizing the flame, preventing lash back, and otherwise aiding combustion and preventing the formation of gases, deposits, or the generation or escape of obnoxious gases, substantially as set forth.

2. Ina gaseous-fuel burner, the combination, with two or more eommunicatingchambers, each having a series of jet-orifices therein and air-passages on both sides of them, of gas-reserve chambers in the tops of the gaschambers and 011 opposite sides of the gas-outlets, and gas-supply pipes for carrying gas to the chambers, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with two or more concentric gas-chambers held apart by hollow arms, whereby air-openings are left between the two chambers and the two are made to communicate with each other, and tapering supports on said. hollow arms, of flat central ridges formed on the inner face of the top of the chambers, with gas-reserve chambers on either side thereof, the said ridges having 3' etorifices passing through the same, converging tubes opening into the inner chamber opposite the hollow connecting-arms, and a pipesection for supplying commingled air and gas to the burner, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with a pair of integral com m unicatingcircular gas-chambers concentrio with each other, with air-spaces on each side of them and connected by hollow arms, of circular ridges formed on top of the chambers and on the top wall,with jet-orifices therein, circular gas-reserve chambers on each side of the inside ridges, converging gas-tubes opening into the inner chamber opposite the hollow arms, a pipe-section for supplying gas, and provided with an opening for the admission of air,,substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a gas-chamber having raised jet-orifices and air-passages on both sides thereof, of gas-reserve chambers within the gas-chamber, for maintaining a constant supply of gas adjacent to the jets during combustion, for preventing lash back or generation of smoke or pernicious gases, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with a pair of communicating gas-chambers concentric with each other and one located below the other immediately beneath the air-opening formed in the upper chamber, of a gas-reserve chamber, for maintaining a constant supply of gas adjacent to the jets during combustion, for preventing lash back or generation of smoke or pernicious gases, substantially as set forth.

7 A gaseous-fuel burner consisting of a single casting with concentric communicating gas-chambers, reserve-chambers, and jet-orifices therein, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS n. BRYAN. Witnesses:

WM. A. WRIGHT, G. W. S. MUSGRAVE.