US4134834A - Hemodialysis apparatus - Google Patents

Hemodialysis apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US4134834A
US4134834A US05/646,765 US64676576A US4134834A US 4134834 A US4134834 A US 4134834A US 64676576 A US64676576 A US 64676576A US 4134834 A US4134834 A US 4134834A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tank
dialysate
concentrate
water supply
actuation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/646,765
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald Brous
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Artificial and Transplant Organs Inc
Original Assignee
Artificial and Transplant Organs Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Artificial and Transplant Organs Inc filed Critical Artificial and Transplant Organs Inc
Priority to US05/646,765 priority Critical patent/US4134834A/en
Priority to GB7845266A priority patent/GB2035129B/en
Priority to DE19782851064 priority patent/DE2851064A1/de
Priority to FR7835539A priority patent/FR2444470A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4134834A publication Critical patent/US4134834A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/1657—Apparatus for preparing dialysates with centralised supply of dialysate or constituent thereof for more than one dialysis unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/1668—Details of containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
    • G05D11/001—Control of flow ratio with discontinuous action

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a proportioning mechanism which may easily be integrated into a portable hemodialysis system while at the same time providing the important quality of an accurate proportioning whereby to repeatedly prepare dialysate of proper concentration.
  • the present proportioning apparatus includes two relatively small one liter clear plastic tanks, each of which is equipped with two electrically operated inlet valves to admit simultaneously dialysate concentrate and tap water for dilution. Each tank is also equipped with an electric outlet valve to direct correctly proportioned dialysate from the tank to the patient's bedside console.
  • the dialysate concentrate is directed to the tank from a separate container of suitable size by means of a clear plastic piston pump, equipped with a valve preventing back flow.
  • Each dialysate proportioned tank is programmed to hold approximately one liter of the diluted concentrate between a high limit and a low limit magnetic float level switch, and the pump is set to meter approximately 30 mls. of concentrate.
  • the pump meters the prescribed amount of the dialysate concentrate into one of the two proportioning tanks and simultaneously tap water rapidly enters the tank and mixes with the concentrate to make up a one liter batch.
  • the outlet valve opens and the pump sucks proportioned dialysate out of the tank propelling it through a conductivity monitor and a three way valve to the patient's bedside console.
  • the second proportioning tank While one proportioning tank is emptying, the second proportioning tank is charged with dialysate concentrate and water in the manner described to prepare a second tank of proportioned dialysate.
  • an electrical signal closes its outlet valve and at the same time opens the outlet valve on the second tank so that the pump sucks out the second batch of dialysate with no interruption in operation.
  • the switching back and forth continues automatically and continuously as the proportioning tanks alternately fill and empty.
  • the single patient system is portable and includes a single tank that fills simultaneously with tap water and with a metered amount of dialysate concentrate. This tank holds approximately one liter between high limit and low limit float level swtiches and the pump is set to meter out approximately 30 mls. of concentrate.
  • the concentrate pump commences its stroke when the lower float switch is raised above the "filled" level by the incoming water forming concentrate for approximately three seconds, and then continuing to operate for an additional three seconds to return to its original position. That is, the pump has a six second 360° cycle delivering dialysate concentrate during the first half of the cycle, then refilling with concentrate during the second half of the cycle.
  • the upper magnetic float switch shuts off the water inlet solenoid valve.
  • FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an arrangement of the apparatus for the multi-patient system
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view illustrating the single patient system
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams or flow sheets of FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown therein a plurality of dialysate tanks, in this case two, these being indicated at 10 and 12. These tanks are connected at 14 and 16 to a water supply e.g. a tap, and to a concentrate supply which is in form of any kind of container preferably as received from the manufacturer. These tanks are interconnected by means of directional valves 18. The tanks are duplicates and operate in the same way but in general one tank is operating to supply the patient while the other one is being filled.
  • a solenoid valve 20 controls the flow of water into tank e.g. 10. Also connected to this tank is a solenoid valve 24 which controls the concentrate flow into the same tank.
  • each tank there is a float 26 to operate a pair of float switches 28-30, each of which has a high and low limit operating means.
  • the low limit switch When the low limit switch is activated by the float, it in turn activates the concentrate solenoid valve 24 and the water valve 20 and flow into the tank commences.
  • One example of the relationship of water to concentrate flow is 34 to 1 but the mix cycle is not predicated on the time factor but on the volume factor.
  • the solenoid for water and concentrate open to start flow the water will flow in at a rate to produce approximately a liter e.g. in tank 10 and simultaneously the concentrate valve 24 opens and admits concentrate at about 30 cc or 1/24 part of a liter.
  • the concentrate pump 32 is cycled to terminate its action well before the water stops flowing, to get the best mix possible.
  • the float 26 reaches its upper level, the tap water is turned off and the directional valve 18 is opened to a circulating pump to the patient.
  • the other pump etc. operates in the same way but alternately.
  • the low limit valve in tank 10 is actuated to stop the flow to the patient, the water and concentrate inlet valves having been closed all this time during operation of flow of dialysate to the patient, then the other tank which has been filling and proportionally mixing is then automatically put into operation to the patient, and this action continues as long as may be required so that there is no interruption to the hemodialysis treatment.
  • ten separate patients may all be simultaneously treated by the single apparatus so far described.
  • a minature portable system is enabled to supply a single patient or any number to ten or more.
  • a one liter tank would empty about every two minutes; at the ten patient demand level, each tank would empty about every 12 seconds.
  • the speed of cycling is limited only by the circulating pump capacity to empty the tanks.
  • the relay logic for the filling, switching, and emptying function and various fail-safe devices also is performed by latching type relays so that the system has a memory and will not malfunction if the supply power is interrupted or the voltage fluctuates severly.
  • Conventional instrumentation to determine the conductivity of the output with bypass to drain, audio and visible alarms, etc. are incorporated as part of the relay control assembly.
  • a single tank 34 is utilized and this tank proportionately mixes the dialysate and dilutes one part hemodialysis liquid concentrate with 34 parts of tap water in the tank 34.
  • the metered concentrate enters the mixing tank as at 36 only after the tap water has started to flow, thus insuring thorough mixing.
  • the normal fill time for the one liter batch is 10 to 20 seconds at a tap water pressure of 10 to 60 psi and since these batches are mixed at atmospheric pressure they are deaerated simply and effectively.
  • the proportionate operation is fully automatic and fail-safe.
  • the conductivity monitor controls the flow of mixed proportionated dialysate to the coil canister in negative-pressure reservoir. Emptying of the tanks would take about two to three minutes as accomplished through solenoid valve float switches as above-described as to the multiple system with the difference that when the float reaches the bottom switch and shuts off the flow to the patient at the same time turning on the water supply and concentrate supply, a stop period of two seconds is all that is necessary to refill the tank and once more put the device into operation insofar as the patient is concerned.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US05/646,765 1976-01-06 1976-01-06 Hemodialysis apparatus Expired - Lifetime US4134834A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/646,765 US4134834A (en) 1976-01-06 1976-01-06 Hemodialysis apparatus
GB7845266A GB2035129B (en) 1976-01-06 1978-11-20 Hemodialysis apparatus
DE19782851064 DE2851064A1 (de) 1976-01-06 1978-11-25 Dosiervorrichtung fuer einen haemodialyseapparat
FR7835539A FR2444470A1 (fr) 1976-01-06 1978-12-18 Appareil de dosage pour hemodialyse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/646,765 US4134834A (en) 1976-01-06 1976-01-06 Hemodialysis apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4134834A true US4134834A (en) 1979-01-16

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ID=24594375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/646,765 Expired - Lifetime US4134834A (en) 1976-01-06 1976-01-06 Hemodialysis apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4134834A (ko)
DE (1) DE2851064A1 (ko)
FR (1) FR2444470A1 (ko)
GB (1) GB2035129B (ko)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0042939A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-06 Gambro Lundia AB Hemofiltration system
FR2502960A1 (fr) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-08 Tersteegen Bernd Procede de preparation de liquide de dialyse pour l'utilisation dans des appareils d'hemodialyse, et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US6315895B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2001-11-13 Nephros, Inc. Dual-stage hemodiafiltration cartridge
US6406631B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2002-06-18 Nephros, Inc. Two stage diafiltration method and apparatus
US6635179B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2003-10-21 Nephros, Inc. Sterile fluid filtration cartridge and method for using same
US6716356B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2004-04-06 Nephros, Inc. Thermally enhanced dialysis/diafiltration system
US6719907B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2004-04-13 Nephros, Inc. Dual-stage filtration cartridge
US20050150832A1 (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-07-14 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
US20070163943A1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2007-07-19 Nephros, Inc. Dual stage ultrafilter devices in the form of portable filter devices, shower devices, and hydration packs
US20090078625A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2009-03-26 Palumbo Giuseppe Redundant ultrafiltration device
WO2009151111A1 (ja) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 ニプロ株式会社 透析液調製方法および透析液調製装置
US20100181235A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2010-07-22 Gambro Lundia Ab device for connecting to a liquid source
US20110105983A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2011-05-05 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis system including on-line dialysate generation
CN103830787A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-04 深圳先进技术研究院 血液透析机
CN111450339A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2020-07-28 日机装株式会社 透析液供给系统
CN113190052A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-07-30 天津捷强动力装备股份有限公司 一种不间断的药液供给控制方法及系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2493706A1 (fr) * 1980-11-13 1982-05-14 Hospal Sodip Rein artificiel avec circuit de liquide de dialyse integre
DE3837298C1 (ko) * 1988-11-03 1990-03-29 Fresenius Ag, 6380 Bad Homburg, De

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457944A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-07-29 Sweden Freezer Mfg Co Hemodialysis system
US3474907A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-10-28 Sweden Freezer Mfg Co Dialysis control system
US3482697A (en) * 1967-10-31 1969-12-09 Monsanto Co Water conditioning system
US3605783A (en) * 1966-03-17 1971-09-20 Bio Systems Inc Fluid mixing system
US3774762A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-11-27 E Lichtenstein Analogue fluid flow programming structures
US3932279A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-01-13 Rock Valley Water Conditioning, Inc. Multi-tank ion exchange water treatment system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457944A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-07-29 Sweden Freezer Mfg Co Hemodialysis system
US3474907A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-10-28 Sweden Freezer Mfg Co Dialysis control system
US3605783A (en) * 1966-03-17 1971-09-20 Bio Systems Inc Fluid mixing system
US3482697A (en) * 1967-10-31 1969-12-09 Monsanto Co Water conditioning system
US3774762A (en) * 1971-01-20 1973-11-27 E Lichtenstein Analogue fluid flow programming structures
US3932279A (en) * 1973-08-09 1976-01-13 Rock Valley Water Conditioning, Inc. Multi-tank ion exchange water treatment system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Dialung, from Trans. Amer. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs, 1964. *

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0042939A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-06 Gambro Lundia AB Hemofiltration system
FR2502960A1 (fr) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-08 Tersteegen Bernd Procede de preparation de liquide de dialyse pour l'utilisation dans des appareils d'hemodialyse, et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US6406631B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2002-06-18 Nephros, Inc. Two stage diafiltration method and apparatus
US6315895B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2001-11-13 Nephros, Inc. Dual-stage hemodiafiltration cartridge
US6635179B1 (en) 1999-12-30 2003-10-21 Nephros, Inc. Sterile fluid filtration cartridge and method for using same
US6716356B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2004-04-06 Nephros, Inc. Thermally enhanced dialysis/diafiltration system
US6719907B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2004-04-13 Nephros, Inc. Dual-stage filtration cartridge
US10183109B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2019-01-22 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis system including a disposable cassette
US8894600B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2014-11-25 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis system including on-line dialysate generation
US9302039B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2016-04-05 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis system including a disposable cassette
US20110105983A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2011-05-05 Baxter International Inc. Hemodialysis system including on-line dialysate generation
US7435342B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2008-10-14 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
US7988854B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2011-08-02 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
US20050150832A1 (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-07-14 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
US8911629B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2014-12-16 Chemica Technologies, Inc. Dialysate regeneration system for portable human dialysis
US20070163943A1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2007-07-19 Nephros, Inc. Dual stage ultrafilter devices in the form of portable filter devices, shower devices, and hydration packs
US7534349B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2009-05-19 Nephros, Inc. Dual stage ultrafilter devices in the form of portable filter devices, shower devices, and hydration packs
US8343347B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2013-01-01 Nephros, Inc. Dual stage ultrafilter devices in the form of portable filter devices, shower devices, and hydration packs
US20090078625A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2009-03-26 Palumbo Giuseppe Redundant ultrafiltration device
US7775375B2 (en) 2005-11-03 2010-08-17 Medica S.R.L. Redundant ultrafiltration device
US20100181235A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2010-07-22 Gambro Lundia Ab device for connecting to a liquid source
US8425767B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2013-04-23 Gambro Lundia Ab Device for connecting to a liquid source
CN102065925B (zh) * 2008-06-13 2014-04-09 尼普洛株式会社 透析液调制方法及透析液调制装置
CN102065925A (zh) * 2008-06-13 2011-05-18 尼普洛株式会社 透析液调制方法及透析液调制装置
JP2009297262A (ja) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-24 Nipro Corp 透析液調製方法および透析液調製装置
WO2009151111A1 (ja) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 ニプロ株式会社 透析液調製方法および透析液調製装置
CN103830787A (zh) * 2012-11-27 2014-06-04 深圳先进技术研究院 血液透析机
CN111450339A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2020-07-28 日机装株式会社 透析液供给系统
US10814055B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2020-10-27 Nikkiso Co., Ltd. Dialysis-fluid supply system
CN111450339B (zh) * 2014-11-20 2023-04-14 日机装株式会社 透析液供给系统
CN113190052A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-07-30 天津捷强动力装备股份有限公司 一种不间断的药液供给控制方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2444470B3 (ko) 1981-09-18
FR2444470A1 (fr) 1980-07-18
DE2851064A1 (de) 1980-06-04
GB2035129B (en) 1983-03-23
GB2035129A (en) 1980-06-18

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