US409823A - Process of printing on aniline-black - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BRACEIVELL, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS.

PROCESS OF PRINTING ON ANlLlNE-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,823, dated August 27, 1889.

Application filed February 15, 1889- Serial No. 299,985. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN BRACEWELL, of North Adams, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Combination of Resists with Aniline-Black, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved method of compounding, applying, and developing aniline-black with resists printed in patterns upon the cloth, and in developing and fastening the colors by the use of steam under pressure, or what is commonly termed live steam, su bstantiallyas hereinafter described and claimed.

In practicing my invention I proceed as follows: I take bleached cotton cloth prepared for printing to form calico in the usual way, and print thereon the resist mixture hereinafter described, in suitable patterns to form the figure or design desired. This resist mixture may be compounded with pigment colors when other than a white pattern is to be produced. I next dry the cloth, and then print on it a cover or other pattern; or I blotch or I pad on the face only, or on face and back, with the steam aniline-black color, hereinafter described, or any other equivalent steam aniline-black color that is, one which can be developed by steam under pressure. I then dry the cloth upon steam drums or cans or in heated air, say at 160 Fahrenheit. I then pass it through a continuous steamer, or put it into a steam-box under pressure, and thus develop the aniline-black, and if it contain pigment colorsin the pattern printed thereon set or fix the same into the fabric simultaneously therewith, making them practically fast colors. Then soap and wash the cloth in the usual manner. \Vhen the operation is completed, it will be found that the parts covered by the resist mixture have not been substantially affected by the aniline-black color, because the alkali of the resist arrested the oxidation of the aniline and prevented its development in the parts printed with the discharge, whether plain or colored. The rapid development of the aniline-black by the steam under pressure secures a distinct and bold definition of the patterns, white or colored, because the oxidation of the aniline color proceeds so rapidly that the alkali of the resist, especially if it be the white, cannot affect the line or shade of the black around is edges. If the resist employed is mixed with pigment colors, it will also be found that the steam under pressure has fixed these inthe fabric simultaneously with the development of the aniline, and both the pattern and anilineblack ground thus become practically fast colors.

I form the resist mixture above mentioned as follows: gum substitute, four pounds; acetate of soda, four pounds; water, eight pounds. Dissolve and mix thoroughly. If the resist is to be colored, mix with the acetate of soda, albumen, either blood or egg, in place of the gum substitute, or other suitable thickening, and the desired pigment in sufficient quantity to produce the shade required, which can only be determined by experiment. The proportion of gum substitute or other suitable thickening may be varied to suit the printing, and the quantity of acetate of soda may also be varied. Instead of acetate of soda other soda or potash salts may be employed as the alkali of the resist, and in some of the pigments chromate of soda maybe used.

The steam aniline -black color is compounded as follows: I mix, cold, twelve gallens of the ferro-cyanide paste, given below, with four gallons of the solution of anilinesalt crystals, given below, and add thereto four pints of aniline-oil, when the color is ready for use. The aniline-oil is added to neutralize any free acid which may exist in the aniline solution, and it may be omitted if that solution contain no free acid. This aniline color may be padded into the cloth or printed thereon, as desired.

The ferro-cyanide paste is formed as follows: Take forty-five gallons of water and dissolve in it seventy pounds of ferro-cyanide-of-soda crystals and twenty-three and three-fourths pounds of chlorate of potash. Add twenty pounds of corn-starch and boil till thickened, and then cool. The corn-starch may be omitted or added in greater or less amount, as the printing, padding, or saturating of the cloth with the aniline color may require.

The solution of aniline salt is prepared as follows: Dissolve sixty pounds of aniline-salt crystals in ten gallons of hot Water and cool. Instead of the salts of aniline, an equivalent amount of aniline-oil neutralized with hydrochloric acid may be employed.

The proportion of the ferro-cyanide to the aniline salts in the above color may be varied, as I have only given the proportions I prefer to employ; but care should be taken that the proportion of the ferro-cyanide to the aniline shall never be less than eighty per cent. of the latter in any given quantity of color.

The above steam aniline-black will not injure the fiber of the goods, even if they be so thoroughly impregnated by it in the fluid state as to be colored on both sides alike, as the composition of the color retards any violent action when subjected to steam under pressure, which would tender the cloth, and the proportions of ferro-eyanide to aniline should not be less than eighty per cent. in order to preserve this quality of it and allow the steaming to be effected as described. This color is the subject-matter of another application filed simultaneously herewith.

Heretofore the action of steam under pressure to develop aniline colors has tendered the goods and prevented the use of it, substantially as hereinbefore described.

Another advantage of the above process is that the pigment colors, being first applied to the cloth in the form of a resist before the aniline-black color, enters the substance of the cloth more intimately than if it had been previously filled with the aniline color, and when the steaming sets the pigments it is done more perfectly because of such intimate con nection with the substance of the goods.

\Vhat I claim as new and of my invention 1s 1. The described process of producing patterns on aniline-black grounds by the action of live steamthat is to say, first printing the pattern in an alkali resist upon the cloth and drying, then treating the cloth with the prepared solution of aniline-black, as described, and drying, and finally developing and fixing the aniline-black rapidly by the action of steam under pressure, substantially as described.

2. The described process of producing col- "ored patterns on aniline-black grounds by the action of live steamthat is to say, first printing the pattern in an alkali resist colored with pigments upon the cloth and drying, then treating the cloth with the prepared solution of aniline-black, as described, and drying, and finally developing and simultaneously fixing the aniline-black and resist pigment by the action of steam under pressure, substantially as described.

JOHN BRACEVVELL. l/Vitnesses:

DAVID HALL RICE, .N. P. OCKINGTON.