US408641A - Alternating-current motor - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet, 2.

' C. J. VAN DEPOELE.

ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 408,641. Patented Aug. 6, 1889.

@ dmm 4 H L E 0 P E D N A v J G ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR.

No. 408,641. Patented Aug. 6, 1889.

gnaw/W601 Charles J- mnflepoele 3513 7M0 elttomam UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE, ()F LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

ALTERNATlNG-CURRENT MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 408,641, dated August 6, 1889.

Original application filed March 8, 1889, Serial No. 302,544. Divided and this application filed July 5, 1889. Serial No. 316,578-

(No model.)

electro-dynamic motors, and comprises a ro-.

tating electromagnetic motor or engine applicable to any form of work and capable of being operated in some of its forms by any species of current, whether pulsating or intermittent. Since many forms of electric motors are capable of operation with continuous currents, I will describe the invention more particularly with reference to its operation under the influence of alternating, intermittent, or pulsating currents. It is well known that almost any form of dynamo-electric machine having its iron parts sufficiently subdivided to respond to rapid reversals of polarity is capable of being set in motion by alternating electric currents; but such machines are not capable of efficient act-ion until the armature speed corresponds with or is in synchronism with that of the generator supplying the current. Therefore the torque of such a motor is very feeble at starting, and it has been hitherto found impracticable to apply alternating currents to motors where they were required to run at low speed or start a load-as, for example, in electric railway work,where the motors are frequently stopped and started with the full load. 7

My improved motor comprises an armature, which may be of any of the well-known types including a wire-wound iron core; but 1 prefer to use a Grainme ring the terminals of the sections of which may be connected in various ways, as will appear. The armature rotates under the action of a field of force in the usual manner. In addition to the armature and field-magnets, I use a third element in the form of a non-rotating coil or coils of insulated wire, the said coils enveloping or parti-ally enveloping the armature and acting inductively thereon to produce in the rmature a definite and concentrated polaritythat is, true poles adapted to cause the rotation of the armature under the influence of the fieldmagnet. It has been proposed to cause the rotation of an armature by currents induced therein while rotating in its field of force; but while this may produce practical results when the armature is rotating at high speed, its effeet is almost ml at starting, and various extraneous means have been proposed for creating magnetism in the armature-core at starting. By my invention, however, these difficulties are entirely overcome, and the motor is rendered as efficient at low speed and at starting as any continuous-current machine, and without any reference whatever to the rate of the phases of supply-current.

The invention may of course be applied and modified in a great variety of ways, some of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, and set forth andreferred to in the following description and the claims appended thereto.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a motor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the motor, showing circuits and regulator. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 2, but showing adifferent arrangement of circuits. Fig. 4. is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing a somewhat different arrangement of the movingparts. Fig. 5 is an elevation showing aconstruction and arrangement differing in some respects from that seen in Fig. 4. Fig.

6 is a view in elevation, partly in section, of another arrangement of parts of the motor also embodying the invention. Figs. 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views illustrating different modes of regulating and controlling the action of the motor. Fig. 9 is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing a motor of the same general. form, the connections and manner of energizing the armature being somewhat different. Fig. 10 is also a view in elevation, partly in section, but showing a somewhat different arrangement of the armature winding.

As indicated in the drawings, with reference to Fig. .l. and other similar figures not specifically mentioned, A A represent oppositely-located field-magnets, the polar extensions (tft' (FY0301: which are magnetized by coils 1.; l5 wound upon laminated iron cores extendingbetween and connecting the polar extensions. (l is an iron ring constitntil'ig the core of the armature D, which is wound with a coi'ltinuons conductor 0. As shown, the coils of the armature D are connected by conductors d (7, extending across at right angles with each other and electrically uniting diametrically-opposite portions of the armature-comluotor to form two closed circuits therein. In large armatures it will [frequently be desirable to use more cross-eonnections than the two here shown, but they will serve to illustrate the principle. The armature is partly inclosed within a non-rotating exterior induction-coil E, which is placed about its transverse axis, the normal. position ot' the coil E beingat right angles to the axis of the fieldmagnets. For convenience, as here shown the induction-coil E is sustained. within recesses formed at the. neutral points of the field-magnet; butit may also be entirely within the field-magnet and movablysustained in the desired position. As shown, the coils of the iiehtmagnets A A and of the coil E are connected in series, the current entering coil. I 5 by conductor .1 passing thence by conductor 2 to coil 1;, thence by conductor 3 to solenoid E, and from thence to line by conductor 4-. Current flowing through said coils will magnetize the polar extensions as indicated by the signs thereon, while the coil IE will, when an alternatii'ig or pulsating current is employed, act inductively upon the armature, causing secondz'try currents to low therein, which secondary currents,having a defined path, by reason of the cross connectioiis (V, will concentrate their magnetizing effect and form true poles along the lines represented by said cross-coliductors, and, whether the armature be held stationary or be in mot ion, the poles so established in the armature will. be strongly attracted by their opposite poles on the lielil-magnets and repelled by like outs Thus it will be seen that the action ol. my motor, while depending upon the magnetization of the armature from currents induced therein, is not dependent upon the rapid. rotation of said armature for its ellicicncy,since the same inductional ellfeets will take place when the armature is forcibly prevented from rotating.

In Fig. 2 an arrangement similar to the foregoing represented diagrannnatically; but I have shown a regulator, in the form of reactive coil F, included in a derivation from the series circuit.

In Fig. 23 I have shown a view similar to Fig. 2, except that the circuit 7 S of the coil E and of the liehl-mz'ignets A A, by conductors 5 (3, are entirely se mratc and each one brovided with. a reactive coil F F for con.- trolling the [low of current in. their rmpective circuits. The reactive coils can be solenoids provided with movable iron cores j, which, when entirely inserted in. the coils, create a reaction therein,whieh, by creating a counter eleetro-motive force in said coils, opposes the [low of the main current theretltrough. As the cores 1" are withdrawn, the reactions are diminished and a convenient means [or controlling the llow oi. current is thus allfordml. When two such circuits are placed in parallel, either one or the other can be made to predomim'uxe to produce the desired cll'ects.

In Fig. t is seen an annular exterior |icldmagnet G, having two mtergizing-eoils g g, which are separatml at their extremities to expose the positive and. negative poles in the iron core. Thearmature [Visuumnted within the .tield-magmiet, and the induction coil E is located between the exterior of. the armature and the interior of the .lield-maguct. In this case, also, the arlm'iture is shown as an ordinary iramme ring; but each section is provided with a terminal c, connected to a corresponding section olf a commuiatm' ll. A pair of oppositely-mounted and adjuslable commutatonbrushes are held in any desired position with respect to the commutator, and. when electrically connected serve to close the commntatm-eircuit upon itsell, thereby causing currents flowing in the :Ll'lllttlllll'O to traverse a delined path. and to establish true poles therein upon "the line occupied by the commutatorl.)rushes. It may be desiral do, for more thorough rcgulatii'm aml control,to counect an adjustable resistance between the commutattw-brushes. As shmvn, i he posit ive commutatordwush 72 is connected by conductor 72 with the S\\ll(.'.ll -l(.\'(.l' I1 of an ad justable resistance 1', the other extremity of the resistance it being conimeicd by con' ductor {T to commutator-ln-ush i". The indms tion-coil E acts imlnetively upon the coils of the armature I), genm-ating currents therein, which, flowing around said armature and along the line establishtal by the commulatorbrushes and cireuit-co'nneelions, will establish a polarity in the said arimdure, which, being at an angle from the poles ot' the ti1 -ld magnet, will be attracted thereby and. the armature thus set in motion. lZy changing the position of the commutator-brushes the polar axis of the armature can be moved as desired to secure the best working ell'cet under varying circumstances, the normal. posi tion being, however, at right angles to the polar axis of the field-magnet, as imlieated.

I have relerred to the coils acting upon the armature as an indrmtiorrcoil. It will be understood, however, that: the said coil maybe formed in. two or more parts, according to the mechanical exigencies of the case. \Vhercver movable commutailor-brushes are used it will also be desirable that the position of the iu duction-coil be movablethat is to say, that although it must not rotate as does the armature, the best effect will be secured by keeping its axial line always at right angles with the desired polar axis of the armature. The form shown in Fig. 4 may be readily subdivided to produce a four or more pole machine.

As seen in Fig. 5, the field-magnet G is provided with four oppositely-located polar extensions between which the magnetizing-coils Z) W b b are wound. The armature D is similar to that seen in the preceding figure, as also is its induction-coil E. Since, however, the field-magnet is provided with four poles, a double set of poles must also be formed in the armature,which is accomplished by providing the commutator II thereof with two sets of commutator-brushes J J and J J The said brushes are attached at right angles and are movably mounted upon a stationary part of the machine and provided with an operating-lever J by which they may be adj usted about the commutator as desired. The induction-coil E is also sustained by a stationary portion of the machine and connected or attached to the commutatorbrush carrier, so that both move together, thus insuring symmetrical relationship between the magnetic axis of the induction-coil and the polar lines it is desired to establish in the armature. Opposite commutator-brushes are connected by conductors j j, thus forming two closed circuits in the armature, and consequently two polar axes therein, which, as indicated, are at right angles to each other. It will be understood that the induction-coil as an entirety can be connected so as to produce four poles in the armature; but the better Way is to arrange the connections to form two inducin circuits to maintain the four armaturepoles. 'VVith this form the most economical act-ion will take place when the axis of the induction coil or coils and of one pair of commutator-brushes is upon the line as 03. Al though desirable for purposes of regulation, it is not necessary that any exterior resistance be placed in the short circuit connecting the commutator-brushes.

In Fig. 4. the coils of the field-magnet and of the induction-coils are in separate circuits. 9 and 10 represent one set and 11 12 the other set of terminals of the field-magnet coils g g, which, being united with their lin econductors, place the coils g g in multiple arc. The induction-coil E receives current through conductors 13 1%, either from a separate circuit or from a source local to the motor. In Fig. 5 the coils of the field-magnets and of the induct-ion coil or coils E are all connected in multiple arc, the current entering at 15 divides through conductors 16 17, passing to the field-magnet coils and to the solenoid, traversing same, and passing (int by conductors 18 19, and thence to line-conductor 20.

Various different methods of regulating the flow of supply-current in the field-magnet circuit and induetion-coil may be adopted.

In Fig. 7 the apparatus is indicated diagrammatically, and an artificial resistance I is shown in a derivation from the field-magnet circuit. It will be clear, however, that the adjustable resistance might be connected in a derivation from the induction-coil, or a separate resistance be used in connection with both the field-magnet circuit and the induction coil or coils.

In Fig. 8 I show a reactive coil F in derivation from the field-magnet circuit. The field-magnet coils and those of the inductioncoil are connected in series. Instead of connecting all the coils of the armature into one or more circuits closed upon themselves, I may employ the arrangement shown in Fig. 6, in which the field-magn et circuit and inductioncoils are similar to that seen in Fig. 1. The coils of the armature D are, however, somewhat differently connected. Alternate sections L are connected by conductors 1 1 to separate sections of a commutator H in the same manner as the sections of a Gramme ring. Commutator-brushes J J 5 bear upon opposite sides of the commutator and are provided with conductors 21 22, connected in derivation from the main supply-circuit of the machine. A reactive coil F is connected in series with the supply-circuit, the course of which is as follows: The current enters by conductor 23, passing through reactive coil F, and thence by conductor 24 to the field- 'magnet coil B. From said coil current passes by conductor 25 to the other field-magnet coil B, thence by conductor 26 to point 27, from where the main current passes by conductor 28 to the coil E, leaving the said coil by conductor 29, which is connected to the other side of the circuit at 30. The conductor 22, (representing one of the c0mmutator-brushes,) is connected to the conductor 26 at the point 27, and the return-conductor 21 from the other commutator-brush is connected to the other side of the circuit at point 30. The field-magnetcoils and those of the induction-coil are therefore connected in series, with the armaturecircuit in derivation therefrom. Coils M are placed between each of the coils L on the armature and each coil M is closed upon itself. The induction-coil E will act inductively upon the coils M, and thereby add to the magnetizing effect of the coils L, which are connected in the main circuit. It Will be obvious that by disconnecting the conductors 21 and 22 from the main circuit and uniting them the same effects would be produced as described with reference to Fig. 4, with the addition of the magnetizing effect upon the core of the armature B produced by the additional coils M.

Fig. 9 represents a modification of the speciiic forms, already referred to, in the matter of connecting the arn'iature-coils. Instead of bringing all or part of the terminals of the successive coils to a commutator, as in a Gramme or Pacinotti armature, thus con- IIS necting all the sections in one continuous circuit, I wind the core N with a number of separate coils n, or even a single copper ring, according to the size of the armature, each coil being closed upon itself and well insulated from .its neighbors. .Bythis disposition the action of the inducing-coil .lC upon the coils a will produce currents flowing on the right side of the armaturesay from bottom to top in. the said coils and on the left side from top to bottom. This is due to the fact that the coils on the right side, say, present all their inner closed terminals upward and their outer terminals downward, the reverse being the case with the coils upon the other side of the armature, so that under theseconditions the current induced by the solenoid will produce a north. pole on the top of the armature and a south pole on the bottom, and these conditions will obtain whether the armature be at rest or rotating at any speed. The field-magnets of my motor may be constructed of forms and arranged differently from those heretofore described. As, for example,in said Fig. 9 the polar extensions 0 O are semici rcular in form an d envelop i he induction-coil E and most of the armature being separated at their extremities. From the extremities of the polc-picces O O extend cores (V and l and O I, each of which is provided with a magnetizing-coil p, acting to produce north poles at each extremity of the pole-piece O and south. poles at the extremity of the pole-piece 0. \Vith this arrangement the positive pole at the top of the armature will be repelled by the adjacent north pole in the field-magnet and attracted toward the adjacent south pole of the fieldmagnct, while the south pole at the bottom of the armature will be repelled by the adjacent south pole, thus establishing and maintaining rotation in the armature so long as the same is magnetized by the inductional effects upon its coils of the induction-coil E The field-magnet coils and the induction'coil. seen in Figs. S) and 1.0 maybe conectcd in any of the different ways hereinbel'ore referred to. As seen,howevcr, they are provided with separate circuits represented by terminals 31 32 and 33 iii.

As indicated in Fig. i), the coils of the armature are almost entirely enveloped by the inducing-coils E There will still be, how ever, some current developed in the coils passing between the poles of the field-magnets by the action of the fieldanagnets there on, and these currents, being in an opposite direction from the currents induced by the 'in duction-coil, will tend to diminish the desired magnetizing effect. This will not amount to very much where the inducthm-coil oi the proportions indicated in said figure; but whatever their quantity the production of said opposing currents may, when desired,be entirely prevented by cutting out the coils passing between the field-magnet poles, allowing them to pass those points in an entirely inactive condition. Thismaybeaccomplished in many dillercnt wayslor example, as indicated in Fig. 10, where the coils m are each provided with a tree terminal (2, n'o\idul with a contact device or brush 1 the other extremities oi. all the coils being connccleifl to and united by a conductor R. Fixed segments R R' arearrangcd to cngz'ige and there by connect in multiple are the terminals q of the coils on each side of the armature which are under the in fluence of the iiuluctionmoil E but not to engage the terminals ot' the coils passing under the influence ot the poles of the field-magnet, they being open-eircuited and entirely inactive. The segments ll hFare electrically connected by conductiiig-sljrips 'r v", and currei'lts induced in the coils under the .inl'luence oi? the imluction-coil on one side of the armature flow in multiple are to the segment R for example, thence by conductors r r to the segment lt', thence by the terminals q of the corresponding coils upon that side of the armature,and outot said coils into the conductor R, and. by said conductor to the inner terminals of the coils upon the o ')posite side of the armature, substantially as indi cated by the arrows. Any kind of commutation will answer, the form shown being by way of illustration.

As indicated in Figs. E) and lo, the armature-shatt S is provided witha hub 5', from which extend non-metallic spokes or arms T, which, being mechanically attached to the core N between the coils in or or, forms a strong and symmetrical support therefor.

This case being a division of a prior application, it will of course be understood that many matters are herein shown and described, but not claimed, and that whzitever not herein claimed continues to form part of the parent case.

Haring described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An eleetro-dynamie motor comprising a wireavound armature, means for connecting the armature-conductor into one or more closed. circuits, an adjustable resistance in the circuit or circuits across the armature, a stationary cell. for inducing currents in the armature, and a suitable field-magnet for re acting upon the resultant armatnre-poles, substantially as described.

In an electro-dynamic motor, a wirewound armature, a eonnnutator to which sections thereof are connected, adjustable commutator-brushes therefor, a stationary field magnet, a non-rotating coil inclosing the armature and adjustable relatively with respect to the poles of the field-magnet and acting inductively upon the armature to produce lllflg'llOhlZlllgfllll'lUlltS therein upon. the line ol. the axis of the said coil, and connections for maintaining a fixed relation betwmm the inducing system and the commntator-brushes, substantially as desm'ibed.

3. In an electric motor, an arn'iature-eorc IIO with a plurality of circuits all independent In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in of each other and closed upon themselves, a presence of two Witnesses.

stationary induction system therefor, a field- 7 magnet for the armature, a single source of CHARLES VAN DEPOELE' current, and means for adj usting' the phases \Vitnesses:

of the divided circuit with relation to each JOHN T. GIBBONEY,

other, substantially as described. FRANKLAND JANNUS.

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