US297878A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

c. J. VANDBPOBLE. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 297,878. vPatented Apr. 29, 1884.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

1o. .LVAN DEPOELE. DYNAMO BLBGTRIG MACHINE.

@No Moel.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 8.

. o. J. VANDBPOBLB. DYNAMO ELBGTRIG MAGHINE. No. 297,878. Patented Apr. 29, 1884.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

CHARLES J. vAN DEPOELE, or CHICAGO, ILLINoIs.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part- Qf Letters Patent No. 297,878, dated April 29, 1884.

` Application filed December 8, 1883. (No model.)

T all whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. VAN DE POELE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new-and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the followingis a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. 1

My invention relates to new and useful improvements made in dynamo-electric machines; and it consists in the special construction of parts in the mode of winding and connecting the armature and held-magnet coils, as herein fully described, reference being had to the annexed drawings, forming part of this specification.

Figure l is a front elevation of the magnetic frame of the dynamo, showing the construction of its iron parts, also showing sectional cut of the armature core and coils and of the field-magnet coils. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the dynamo, showing the construction of the armature-core, the winding and connecting of the eld and working circuits, with their respective commutators. Fig. 3 is a diagram of connections of the armaturc-coils to the respective commutators. Fig.. 4 is a longitudinal view of parts of the armature-coils, showing how their terminals .are connected to the commutator-sections. Fig. 5 shows the Inode of winding the coils of the armature and how the terminals are brought out. Fig. 6 is adiagram of connections ofthe armature-coils. Fig. 7 is an end view of the armature, showing how-it is carried by the anges G upon its shaft X. Fig. 8 shows a dynamo-machine as ready for operation, having its lamps in circuit,and also the automatic eurrentregulator to' the fields of the dynamo. Fig. 9 shows the wood face plate w, the ring r carrying the brushes .I and I.

In the above gures similar letters indicate like parts.

A represents the armature,and is constructed as follows: Two iron rings, E E', are riveted to the iron bars D D, Src., the bars being placed on the inside of said rings, parallel with the armature-shaft, and so distanced as to leave about one-sixteenth inch or more space between each two adjacent bars. When the bars are all riveted in their place, the whole forms a cylinder, upon which is now wounda number of iron rings, `B B, placed a certain distance from one another, as shown in Fig. 2. Said iron rings are composed or built up of galvanized iron wire, and thus each convolution is magnetically insulated from the others. Vhen all the rings are complete upon the cylinder, a number of iron bars equal to that placed on the inside of the rings E E are now arranged on the outside of the rings B B, &c., and properly secured over said rings, diametrically opposite the iron bars on the inside of the cylinder, as shown in Figs. l and 2. Over this iron frame or core is now wound proper insulating material-paper, cloth, or the likeproperly painted with shellac or other insulating-varnish, and set to dry. This completes the iron core, on which the copper conductor is subsequently wound in the manner now t0 bev described. The core is now divided up in sections corresponding to the number of ironbars ou the inner and outer side of the cylin der, and directly over these bars are wound the copper conductors, forming the circuit around said core, the winding being thus performed on the inside and outside of the core and parallel with the axis of rotation, as shown in Figs. l and 2. Y

The winding is accomplished in the following manner: The armature is divided in, say, thirty-two sections, the inside wire of one section being connected to the outside ofthe next section all around till the core is entirely covered. Then there will be required a commutator with thirty-two sections, to each of which the terminals of the corresponding sections or coils in the armature will be connected. This is the mode adopted in the Pacinotti. or Gramme armature-windings. However, I differ from this mode by using two commutatorsections for eac-h section or division of the wire wound on the armature, so that, instead of using thirty-two sections on the commutator, I use sixty-four. This I accomplish in the following manner: Vhen each coil or division is half-way wound, I pass a loop of wire to the outside, and then continue the winding of the remainder of the wire as before,as seen in Fig. 5, where l is the inside terminal, 2 the halfway loop or terminal, and 3 the outside terminal. Fig. 6 shows the mode of the winding and connecting to the adjoining sections and IOO to the coinmutatorsections 1 2 3 et 5. Fig. l shows the practical winding and connecting. 1 is the inside terminal, 2 the half-way terminal, and 3 the outside terminal connected to the inside terminal of the next coils, &c. Thus is seen that each coil necessitates two commutator`sections instead of one. The advantage I claim for this mode of winding and connect ing is that it is much easier to wind the armature in thirty-two sections or divisions than with sixty-four for the same diameter of drum, and, further, that I thereby reduce the sparking at the commutator to almost nothing.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of connections where. instead of one circuit, two circuits are located upon the same armature-core, eight sections C C, the., each section divided in two, as above explained, and consequently sixteen terminals, are all connected to a eommutator, J, having a correspondingv number of sections. This circuit is set apart in the armature to energize the iield-magnets of the machine. The other or main circuit, intended to do the outside work, has the largest number of coils or sections C C, Jvc., also wound and connected as above described, having thus also double the number of sections in its eommutator I than coils on the armature. The diagram in Fig. 3v shows this clearly.

The armature A is carried by the flanges G in the following manner: All around the armature, and between each two adjacent sections or armaturecoils, are placed iron bars F F, properly insulated from the coils C C, and lengthwise projecting beyond the same, as shown in Fig. 2. The flanges G are grooved around their circumference, and receive a ring of soine insulating material. A groove is now out in the insulating-rings H, and in these grooves the ends of thebars F are fitted, so that when the two flanges are placed upon the shaft X the armature is held in place perfectly concentrical with the shaft X, with which it is to revolve.

Fig. 2 shows, further, how the two co1nmutators are disposed upon the shaft X, and how the armature-sections are connected to their respective commutatorsections. The conducting-wires c c are passed through the inside of both commutators I and J. The wires c c are brought from the armature-coils C C to the commutator I, while those c c are brought from armature-sections C C to commutator J.

The field-magnets or the magnetic frame is constructed and built up in the following manner: The iron plates M M M, Snc., are first all drilled, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a eertain number-say eight-are placed on the two bolts O O. Between each two plates a washer is placed,so as to distance all the plates from one another. The distance can vary, say, from onesixteenth to about one-eighth inch. This disposition prevents the so-called Foucault currents,7 and under prolonged action the fieldmagnets remain cool. The plates, when riveted together, are ready to be placed in the sand mold and have the back plate N cast on. In order to prevent the cast-iron from ruiming in between the plates M M, &c., these 7 forming perfect magnetic contact with the 7-` same. The free ends of the plates M M are afterward planed to receive the polepieces K K', between which the armature is to revolve. The pole-pieces K K are rigidly iixed to the plates M M by strong screws or other suitable means. The magnetic cores M M2 ai'c now held in place between the cast-iron bottom and top plates, O and O2, by means of strong screws passing through the ends of O and 0 into the back plates, N and N'. pole-pieces are further held up and in position by adjusting-screws c and a. The posts carrying the armature-shaft are placed upon the projections l? I), as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 8. The winding ofthe ieldanagnets can be done,in the usual nianner,with a single conductor, or the helix can be formed oi" a cable such as I obtained Letters Iatent for dated October 2, 1883, No. 285,857. In the first case the regulation ofthe machine is performed 9y by moving the brushes upon the con'mnitator, while in the second case the terminals ol" the 'insulated cable-conductors are brought out to current can be passed through said solenoid, Ic

taken between the main conductors of the dynamo. Vhen the current in the main line becomes too powerful, the core of the solenoid is drawn up higher and breaks Contact between the bars b b2 and the contacts i i?, &c., thus ali lowing less current to llow around the fieldmagnets, reducing the energy of the same, and hence diminishing the production of current in the dynamo.

It will be seen that the general features of 1 this dynamo are similar to the one for which I obtained Letters Patent dated September 21, 1880. However, several important improvements have been brought to this dynamo from time to time, with a View to make its eiiii:

ciency higher, its working and regulation easier and more perfect.

By the special construction of the armaturecore I do away as much as is practical with all local magnetic action of said core upon the I;

armature-coils. It is well known that in the case of a drum-armature as ordinarily constructed the core does not change polarity as rapidly as is desirable, which has for e'l''ect, first, to heat the core, and, second, to diinini ish the production ol' current in the armature coils. The armature-core, as hereinabove described, is constructed with a view to act more instantaneously on its coils than in a regu- The 8 lar drum-armature as ordinarily constructed. l spondingwith the inner ones placed outside The iron-wire rings B B, Snc., being magnet ically insulated from the bars D D, Snc., in

passing from one held-magnet pole to the other,

are demagnetized and remagnetized faster th an the iron rings, said bars being light, and not in magnetic contact with one another nor with the rings. Consequently a much prompter action is obtained upon the armature-coils of this construction than in the case of a core without the bars, on account of the slowness of action in the latter to change its polarity under the influence of the iield-magnets and the coils of the armature. v

On considering the field-,magnets it will be found that the magnetislnfis concentrated toward the center of the machine, forming the field of force in which the armature is to revolve. The construction of the cores practically does away with all heating under a maximum of magnetization, so that the machine can operate any length of time without danger of overheating or injuring the insulation.

As shown in Figs. l, 2, and 8, the field-helices are made up of a cable consisting of a num! ber of individually-insulated fine wires. The inner ends of the cable-coils are attached to the brushes J and J', said vbrushes bearing upon commutator J, while the outer terminals of the cable-helices are brought out to the insulated contacts i z z', 85e. When the bars b and b are down upon all the contactsz't, 81e., the full amount of current produced in the coils C O', dac., is passing through the field helices or coils and the machine capable of eX- erting its maximum duty. However, as soon as the current in the machine is too powerful, the solenoid m will draw up its core and lift the bars b and b from the contacts t' t' i, &c., and the current will be diminished according to the number of wires cut out of circuit. By thus varying the internal resistance of the held-circuit, regulation is obtained without the need of outside resistances or other devices.

In the present drawings the brush-holders are carried by a brassring, r, which can be moved around the commutators when needed, and also provided with lock-nuts running in proper slots, so as to keep the brushes in place. This brass ring is mounted upon a wooden face plate, w, which is held in position by means of screws engaging in the polepieces K K.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the brushes are so arranged as to move together, although in some cases I mount each set separate, so as to work independently, if so desired.

lVhat I claim as new, andy desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, an armature-core of the drum type, composed of a number of iron bars riveted to two or more forming a cylinder or drum, a number of iron -rings composed of galvanized iron wire placed upon said cylinder and distanced from one another, and an equal number of iron bars correthe iron and wire rings, the inner and outer bars being placed opposite oneanother and parallel with the axis of rotation of the said drum, substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, an armaturecore composed of a number of galvanized iron-wire rings placed upon a cylinder built up of iron bars and solid iron rings, in combination with iron bars placed on the outside of the iron rings and opposite the bars on the inside of the rings, the whole being covered with proper insulating material, as described and set forth. i

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the armature-core composed of two or more iron rings having riveted on their inside a number of iron bars so distanced from each other as not to touch each other longitudinally, in combination with a number of galvanized-iron-wire rings placed upon the cylinder, also distanced from one another, and iron bars properly securedto the outside of the rings and opposite the bars on the inside of the cylinder, as described and set forth.

4f.. In a Ldynamoelectric machine, an armature-core of the drum type, consisting of iron bars and rings, substantially as described, vin

combination with the armature-coils wound in sections over the armatureeore, the wire coils being so wound that cach section shall correspond to a pair of iron bars, and directly placed or wound over the same and parallel therewith, substantially as described.

IOO

5. An'armature ofthe drum type, composed of iron bars and rings, substantially as described, in combination with armature-coils wound in sections over said bars, each single section having one or more eXtra loops or terminals brought to the outside, which are connected to commutator-sections, the circuit fromthe inner tothe outer terminal of each section beingcontinuous, as described and set forth.

6. An armature for dynamo-electric machines having copper conductor wound in sections, each section being continuous from its inner to its outer terminal, and also provided with an intermediate additional terminal placed in the circuit of said sections or coils, and properconnections betweensaid terminals and the commutator of the armature, in ord er to collect from said sections only part of the current at a time, and successively,as described and set forth.

7. An armature for dynamo-electric machines having its copper conductor wound over a core built up of iron rings and bars, as described, said copper conductor being divided in sections corresponding in number to the iron bars in said core, the inner terminal of each section being connected to the outer terminal of the neXt in order, until the whole forms one closed circuit, and an additional terminal placed and connected so as to divide the copper lconductor in each individual section or coil, all of said terminals being connected to separate sections of a commutator 'from which the current produced in the armature coils is to be collected.

S. In a dynamo-electric machine, an iron field-magnet core, around which the copper conductor is wound, built up of a number of soft-iron plates, liI M, all riveted together, but leaving an air-space between each' plate and the next, in combination with a back plate, N, of east-iron, east solid to one end of said plates, substantially as described, and a pole-piece secured tothe free end of said soft-iron plates, in front of which the armature is to revolve, as set forth.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, an iron core and frame forming the tieldinagnet, consisting ofthe pla-tes M M, dre., riveted together, and an iron back plate, N, cast thereto, in combination with the pole-pieces IC, the top and bottom plates, Ol and O2, to which the plates N and N are bolted, forming together a solid frame, the lower plate, O, being provided with proper extensions from its sides, upon which the bearings or boxes for the armature-shaft are secured, substantially as dcscribed.

l0. In a dynamo-electric machine, the fieldmagnets for the same, consisting'ol' soft-iron cores built up as described, around which the copper conductors l'or field-coils are wound, in combination with the cast-iron bottom and top plates, the bottom plate so constructed as to support the field-cores by the plates N N and the adjustable screws a a, said bottom plate also being provided with extensions P in its neutral part, upon which the posts are lixed, carrying the armature, and in combinaA tion with the cast-iron cover ortop plate, serving to strengthen the general frame and proteet the armature and iield coils.

1l. In a dynamo-electric machine, an armature wound with two independent circuitsone circuit to do the outside work, the other to keep up the magnetic iield of the machine when operating in combination with the cablehelices or held-coils of the machine, as de 4 scribed-and proper means for allowing the current to circulate through a greater or smaller number of the insulated wires constituting said cable, in order to modify the efficiency of the machine, as described and set forth. 5

12. In a dynamo-electricmachine, an armature wound with two sets ot' coils-one set to furnish current for the work outside ol' the machine, the second set to be made available to energize the held-magnets of the machine 5 by transmitting its current through the fieldhelices, consisting` of a number ol" lline insulated wires made up in a cable-and proper means 'for cutting out or in circuit a larger or smaller' number of individuaL conductors in said cable for the purpose of modifying the produ ction ofcu rrentin the coils doing the outside work, substantially as described.

13. In a dynamo-electric machine, the fieldmag'net coils, consisting of a cable made up of 6 a number of well-insnlated line wires, in combination with a set of independent coils on the armature ofthe machine, not in common with the armature-coils furnishing the worhing-cur rent, the current of the independent set of 7 coils to circulate through all the insulated conductors of the cables, connected in multiple are whenever the machine is doing its maximum duty, or through a smaller number when the machine is working at less than full ca- 7 paeity, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOEIJE.

IVitnesses:

NORMAN T. GAssn'rrn, Trino. I. BAILEY.

Images