US405991A - church - Google Patents

Description

(ModeL) 2 Sheets$heet 1. O. E. CHURCH.

INJEGTOR.

No. 405,991. Patented June 25, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. CHURCH, OF BOSTON, MASSACIIUSE'ITS, ASSIGNOR TO THE HAN- COCK INSPIRATOR COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

INJECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 405,991, dated June 25, 1889.

Application filed July 17, 1888. Serial No. 280,199. (ModeL) To (LZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. CHURCH, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Injectors; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure I shows a vertical longitudinal section of my improved apparatus, and Fig. Ila similar section with a modified construction of the lifter.

The objects of my invention are, first, to make a combined liftin and a forcing apparatus in which the quantity of water delivered therefrom shall be materially increased without thereby impairing the vacuum which the apparatus would otherwise create and maintain, and, second, to make a combined lifting and forcing apparatus which will be capable of being started, and which will also automatically restart at comparativelyhigh orlow pressures of steam, and which will operate efficiently under varying steam-pressures and on varying lifts without the necessity of any readjustmen ts of the water-supply by the attendant; and to this end my invention c011- sists, first, in the construction and arrangement in such an apparatus of a supplemental inlet leading from the suction-pipe or waterchamber of the apparatus to the interior of the lifter combining and delivery tube at or near its throat, said inlet being controlled by a valve adapted to admit the flow of fluid from the water-chamber to the interior of the tube through the inlet and to prevent'any reflux from the tube or from the forcer through the inlet into the said pipe or chamber; second, in so constructing and arranging the said inlet and valve in the lifter of my double injector in relation to the lifter combining and deliverytube and to the suction-chamber that said valve will open automatically whenever the pressure in said chamber is greater than the pressure within the tube at the point therein where the said inlet communicates therewith, but will close when the pressure at said point within the tube exceeds the pressure within the suction-chamber; and, third,

in the construction, arrangement, and combination of a lifting and a forcing apparatus having a waste openingor openings to the atmosphere in the combining and delivery tube of the forcing apparatus at or near its throat,

and another waste-opening to the atmosphere in the said tube between its mouth and its throat at a point where the area of the bore of the tube in eross-section is greater than the combined area of the lifter and forecr 6o steam-jet passages, the latter waste-opening being controlled by an automatic outwardlyopening valve to prevent indraft of air or reflux of fluid at said opening without at the same time interfering with or preventing the flow of fluid to the atmosphere from the other waste opening or openings at or near the throat of said tube; fourth, in providing the forcing apparatus of such an injector, in addition to the waste-openings above referred to, with another waste-opening located in the combining-tube between the opening nearest the mouth of the tube and the opening or openings at or near the throat and not controlled by the valve upon the former opening.

In Fig. I of the drawings, A is the casing, externally screw-threaded at its opposite ends for the ordinary coupling nuts and nipples, with which, by means of pipes screwed to the latter, the apparatus is to be connected with therewith, and similarly held in the partition I). In axial line with the lifter-tubes at the other end of the casing is located the forcing apparatus, consisting of an annular steam nozzle or passage II, and the combining and delivery tube 11' 0. (Shown in the drawings as two separate tubes.)

The tube II is screw-threaded and seated in the partition K, and the tube 0 is fitted in a like manner in the partition 0, and is also provided with a cylindrical enlargement fit- 10o ting closely in a hole through the partition M, thereby forming the overflow-chambers L and Near one end, within the cas- 85 N, which communicate through outlets l I with the valve-chamber I, such outlets being controlled by the outwardly-opening valves P P, which are guided in the cap-nuts It R, s zrewed in the casing A, the valve-chamber P communicating with the atmosphere through the passage P, surrounding a portion of the overflow-ehambers. The tube II is beveled out at its mouth, and the discharge end of the lifter combining and delivery tube is made conical externally and enters the beveled mouth of the tube H, which, being slightly larger than the lifter-tube, thereby forms the annular steam nozzle or passage I-Iof the forcing apparatus.

Steam is supplied to the lifter-nozzle E direct from chamber 1 (which is to be connected with the steam-space of the boiler) and to the forcer-nozzle II from the annular chamber, which is connected to chamber B by the conduit I, formed in the casing outside of and partially around the water-chamber O. The portion of the tubes H 0 extending from the end of the lifter delivery-tube F to the throat, near where the holes 7L are located, (where the cross-section of the tube is smallest in area,) is the forcer combining-tube,

. and that portion of the tube 0 from the throat to its delivery end is the forcer delivery-tuhe.

The delivery end of the tube H and the receiving end of the tube 0 are separated by a space H in the chamber L, which serves as a waste-opening. At the point at which this opening is made the area in cross-section of the bore of the portion H. of the forcer combining-tube is greater than the combined area in cross-section of both the lifter and the forcer steam'jet nozzles or passages.

In that portion of the foreer combining-tube which lies within the overflow-chamberNare one or more holes h, at or near the throat of the tube, which serve as a wasteopening at this point, and also another hole or series of holes h, which constitute another waste-open-. ing. The waste-opening at h and that at h discharge into the overflow-chamber N.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Fi I is as follows: Steam being admitted at B will pass through the lifter steam'nozzle E and its combining and delivery tube F F, and into the combining-tube of the forcer. At the same time it will pass through the conduit I to the annular steam nozzle or passage 11 of the forcer and will. mingle in the tube H with the steanrissuing from the lifter. with any air delivered by the lifter, will issue through the waste-opening at H into the chamber L, and will be permitted to escape to the atmosphere by the valve I, and will also issue through the waste-opening at h and that at 7t into the chamber N, whence it will escape by raising the valve P By reason of thelocation of the waste opening I1 where the area in crosssection of the bore of the combining-tube is greater than the combined area of the smallest cross-section of the lifter I The steam,

and forcer steam-jet passages, a free ventfor the lifter and for the forcer steam is afforded, and in addition there are afforded the vents at the waste-openings h and h. \Vhen the Water is raised by the lifter, the steam coming in at H impinges upon it at the mouth of the forcer combining-tube, and, being condensed as the steam passes through the tube I I, imparts an additional velocity to the water, which will issue at the respective waste-openings 11 h, and IL. As the velocity of the stream increases, it will leap across the wasteopening at ll and the valve P will come to its seat, and thereby prevent any indraft of air from the chamber P or reflux ofwater from the openings at h and 7L through the chambers N and P. hen the velocity of the stream is sufficiently increased, it will sheet by both the openings at h and 71. and pass through the delivery-tube, raise the check-valve,(which should be provided in the delivery-pipe,) and enter the boiler. If a partial vacuum is thereby formed in the chamber N, the valve P will prevent al y indraft of air, while if water or uncondensed steam continue to be discharged from the openings h and h it will escape to the atmosphere and prevent any injurious pressure in the chamber N, while it will be kept from entering the opening H by the valve P.

I have found, as the result of tests with an injector containing a lifter and a forcer arranged as described, when the waste-opening at H is controlled by a valve, as P, so that air cannot be drawn in nor Water flow back from the openings at h or 72 that the apparatus will start to lift and force and also restart automatically With steam of far lower pressure than it will if the opening at 1-1 discharges into a common chamber with the other waste-openings and has no valve which is the equivalent of P By the use of this combination I secure the automatic operation of the injector over a wider range of steampressures than heretofore.

The valve P, as described, will close when the pressure in the chamber N is less than in the overflow-ehamber P. I have found under certain conditions of steam pressure and lift that water will escape at the waste-openings at 72. or h, and, if the valve P be not present, will spill through the overflow-chamber;

but if the valve be used it will come to its seat and stop the spilling. To this extent it contributes to the efficient operation of the apparatus. Furthermore, if it is omitted,air will be drawn in under certain conditions of steam pressure and lift through the chamber N and one or both openings 7L and h and carried into the boiler.

I have found the use of the waste-opening afforded by the holes at h to be of advantage in increasing the capability of starting and restarting at lower pressures of steam than otherwise. For example, an instrument constructed in substantial conformity to Fig. I- would automatically restart at about forty IIO pounds steam pressure, and without the waste-openings 7! it would not restart below about sixty-live pounds steam-pressure; but the fluid discharged from this opening, to gether with that discharged from the opening 72, must be prevented from re entering at the opening H as I have provided for by the use of the valve I".

In Fig. II of the drawings is shown an in jcctor provided with a forcing apparatus like in construction and mode of operation to that of Fig. I; but in the place of the lifting apparatus of ordinary construction shown in that figure I have substituted a lifting apparatus provided with a supplemental inlet to its combining-tube for the admission of fluid from the suction-chamber and a valve to close such su iiplemental inlet whenever the pressure within the tube at said inlet is greater than the pressure in the suction-chamber. Such a lifting apparatus-as aseparate jet apparatusI have made the subject of another application for United States Letters Patent of even date and to be tiled herewith, and I shall therefore make no claim to it herein except in combination and coacting with a forcing apparatus.

The forcing apparatus shown in Fig. II need not be redescribed, as it is like that shown in Fig. I. The lifting apparatus consists of the steamj et tube E, screw-threaded and seatedin the partition I), and of the combining and delivery tube F F, made in two parts, joined near the middle by screw-threads, as shown, the delivery part 1" being screw-threaded and seated in the partition D. The bore of the part F is made converging toward the delivery end, and the bore of the part F is made divergent in the same direction. \Vithin the combining and delivery tube F F, between the delivery end of F and the receiving end or mouth of F, and surrounding the delivery end of tube F, is an annular valve-chamber G,which communicates with the water-chamber C through the passagcsff and the annular groove 9, and with the interiorofthe tube through the space between the adjacent ends of the two portions F F thereof, the passages ff being controlled by the automatic annular valve G, which is seated on the inner end of the tube F. The tube F penetrates the mouth of the combining-tube ll of the forcer, and near the delivery end its exterior is made conical, as shown in the drawings, and of less diameter than the bore of the mouth of the tube II, thereby leaving an annular passage, which serves as the forcer steam-jet nozzle.

The operation of the injector shown in Fig. 11 isthe same as that shown in Fig. I, except that the lifter with the supplemental inlet so co-operates with the forcer as to increase the range ofeftective operation of the injector by increasing the quantity of water delivered, while theinstrument will continue to lift; water from as great a depth as in the form shown in Fig. I, restarting as readily.

In the operation of an injector like that tube has risen to about 212 Fahrenheit or above, and on being exposed to atmospheric pressure while passing the waste-openings it suddenly becomes converted into steam. Now, by increasing the quai'itity of water delivered by the lifter the pressure of the actuating-steam increases, the temperature of the stream as itpasses through the forcer Combining-tube can be kept down.

lly the use of the lifter apparatus embodied in the injector shown in Fig. II an adjustment of the water-supply for this purpose is made automatically. Under ordinary conditions sut'ticient water will be raised and drawn into the tube F F through the annular space between the steam-tube E and the mouth of the combining-tube F. \Vhen, however, the steampressure is unusually high or temperature of the water in the well is lowered, the velocity of the stream in the lifter combining and delivery tube will be increased and the pressure within the tube F F will be partially taken off, so that it will be less than the prcssurein the water-chamber 0.. The water will then enter F F through the supplemental inlet formed by the passage g and holes f f, and with this quantity added to that which is entering atthe mouth the temperature of the stream in the forcer combining-tube will be lowered. \Vhenevcr apressure exists in the vicinity of the openings which form the supplemental inlet in the tube F Fgreater than that in the water-chamber G, the valve G will be forced to its seat and will cover the holes f j, so that no backfiow from the forcer or from the tube F can take place through the supplemental inlet.

I am aware that in injectors of this class a supplemental inlet from the water-chamber to the lifter etnnbining-tube has been used; but in such injectors no means were provided to prevent the escape of steam or back-pressure through the supplemental inlet, and consequently in starting or restarting the apparatus the vacuum which could be obtained in the water-chamber was impaired; but by the use of a valve to control the supplemental inlet I am enabled to secure all the advantages due to that inlet and still start and restart the apparatus and draw water from as great a depth and with as low pressure of steam as when a continuous solid lifter combining and delivery tube is used.

Instead of having the valve 1" and its seat formed on the chamber L, as shown in the drawings, the Valve may be made annular, encircling the exterior ot' the forcer combining-tube at or near the waste-opening H and provided with a seat on that tube, the c0nstruction being substantially that described in Letters lateut No. 300,092, dated June 10, 1884, granted to John Loftus. The partition M will then be unnecessary. All the Wasteopenings can discharge into a common chamher, and the valve P as thus constructed and located therein will close the waste-opening H and perform the same function in the injector as has been hereinbefore set forth.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. In an injector, a lifting apparatus arranged to continuously deliver water to a forcing apparatus, the latter being provided with a waste opening or openings to the atmosphere at or near the throat of its combining-tube, and a waste-opening to the atmosphere between the mouth of its combiningtube and the throat, where the area of the bore of the tube in cross-section is greater than the combined area of the lifter and forcer steamjet passages, the latter waste-opening being controlled by an autom atie eutwardly-openin g valve to prevent indraft of air or the reflux of fluid at that opening from the waste opening or openings at or near the throat Without interfering with the flow of fluid to the atmosphere from the latter opening, substantially as described.

2. In an injector, a lifting apparatus arranged to continuously deliver water to a forcing apparatus, the latter being provided with a waste-opening to the atmosphere at or near the throat of its combining-tube and a waste-opening to the atmosphere between the mouth of its combining-tube and the throat, where the area of the bore of the tube in cross-section is greater than .the combined area of the litter and forcer steam-jet passages, and with another Waste-opening to the atmosphere in its combining-tube located between the other two openings, the opening nearest the mouth of the tube being controlled by an automatic outwardly-opening valve to prevent indraft of air or the reflux of fluid at that opening from the other wasteopenings without interfering with the flow of fluid to the atmosphere from the other wasteopenings, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. In an injector, a lifting apparatus arranged to continuously deliver water to a forcing apparatus, the latter being provided with a waste-opening to the atmosphere at or near the throat of its combining-tube, and a waste-opening to the atmosphere between the mouth of its combining-tube and the throat, Where the area of the bore of the tube in cross-section is greater than the combined area of the lifter and foreer steam-jet passages, and with another waste-opening to the atmosphere in its combining-tube located between the other two openings, the opening nearest the mouth of the tube being controlled by an automatic outwardly-opening valve to prevent indraft of air, or the reflux of fluid at that opening from the other waste-openings without interfering with the flow of fluid to the atmosphere from the other waste-openin gs, the other two waste-openings being controlled also by an automatic outwardly-opening valve, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In an injector, a lifting apparatus the combining-tube of which is provided at its mouth with the usual inlet for the admission of fluid from the suction-chamber and with a supplemental inlet formed by one or more ports communicating with the interior of said tube through one or more openings therein, and with the suction-chamber, and a valve to close the supplemental inlet, such lifting apparatus being arranged to continuously deliver water to a forcing apparatus, the latter being provided with a Waste-opening to the atmosphere at or near the throat of its combining-tube, and a waste-opening to the atmosphere between the mouth of its combining-tube and the throat where the area of the bore of the tube in cross-section is greater than the combined area of the lifter and foreer steam-j et passages, the latter Wasteopening being controlled by an automatic outwardly-opening valve to prevent indraft of air or the reflux of fluid at that opening from the waste opening or openings at or near the throat without interfering with the flow of fluid to the atmosphere from the latter opening, substai'itially as described.

' In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 22d day of June, 1888.

CHAS. E. CHURCH.

\Vitnesses: v

ELMER P. HOWE, ALBERT J. HOSLER.

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