US4032120A - Apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore - Google Patents

Apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore Download PDF

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Publication number
US4032120A
US4032120A US05/630,489 US63048975A US4032120A US 4032120 A US4032120 A US 4032120A US 63048975 A US63048975 A US 63048975A US 4032120 A US4032120 A US 4032120A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
zone
furnace
sulfur
cooling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/630,489
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald Beggs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZURICH BRANCH OF MIDREX INTERNATIONAL BV A NETHERLANDS Corp
Midrex Corp
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Midrex Corp
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Priority to US05/630,489 priority Critical patent/US4032120A/en
Priority to CA264,265A priority patent/CA1081468A/en
Priority to GB4488976A priority patent/GB1504270A/en
Priority to AU19099/76A priority patent/AU524945B2/en
Priority to AR26529876A priority patent/AR212641A1/es
Priority to ZA766553A priority patent/ZA766553B/xx
Priority to BR7607326A priority patent/BR7607326A/pt
Priority to JP13459776A priority patent/JPS5260214A/ja
Priority to DE2651309A priority patent/DE2651309C3/de
Priority to ES453173A priority patent/ES453173A1/es
Priority to US05/753,024 priority patent/US4087275A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4032120A publication Critical patent/US4032120A/en
Priority to KE310781A priority patent/KE3107A/xx
Priority to BE2/59387A priority patent/BE890549Q/fr
Priority to MY8100292A priority patent/MY8100292A/xx
Assigned to MIDLAND-ROSS CORPORATION A CORP. OF OH reassignment MIDLAND-ROSS CORPORATION A CORP. OF OH THE PARTIES HERETO AGREE TO A SECURITY AGREEMENT DATED JAN. 18, 1974, THE GRANTING OF A SECURITY INTEREST TO SAID ASSIGNEE (COPY OF AGREEMENT ATTACHED, SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS. Assignors: MIDREX CORPORATION, BY FITTIPALDI FRANK N., ATTORNEY-IN-FACT AS AUTHORIZED BY MIDLAND ROSS CORPORATION UNDER AUTHORITY GRANTED BY MIDREX CORPORATION IN SECTION 14 OF THE SECURITY AGREEMENT OF JAN. 14,1974.
Assigned to MIDREX CORPORATION, A DE CORP. reassignment MIDREX CORPORATION, A DE CORP. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIDLAND-ROSS CORPORATION
Assigned to ZURICH BRANCH OF MIDREX INTERNATIONAL, B.V. A NETHERLANDS CORPORATION reassignment ZURICH BRANCH OF MIDREX INTERNATIONAL, B.V. A NETHERLANDS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MIDREX CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C21B13/029—Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/42—Sulphur removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • oxide pellets With the rapidly increasing growth of direct reduction of iron throughout the world, there is an increasing shortage of iron oxide feed materials in pelletized form, commonly called oxide pellets. Increasingly, there is an economic need to utilize crushed and sized natural lump ore as the oxide feed material for direct reduction. Most of the suitable natural lump ores have a much higher sulfur content than oxide pellets. Generally, oxide pellets have a very low sulfur content inasmuch as most of the sulfur present in the natural ore or concentrate from which the pellets are made is burned out during the firing of the pellets under oxidizing conditions.
  • the apparatus includes a multiplicity of reacted gas takeoff pipes extending into the reducing zone of the furnace beneath the sulfur removal zone.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a vertical shaft furnace with its associated equipment showing one method of practicing the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a vertical shaft furnace showing alternative means for practicing the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view taken along line III--III of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional plan view taken along the line IV--IV of FIG. 2.
  • vertical shaft furnace 10 has a feed hopper 12 mounted at the top thereof into which iron oxide pellets 14 or other particulate feed materials such as lump ore are charged.
  • the pellets descend by gravity through one or more feed pipes 16 to form a bed 18 of particulate iron oxide containing material or burden in the shaft furnace.
  • the upper portion of shaft furnace 10 comprises a pre-reducing sulfur removal zone A1
  • the central portion of the shaft furnace comprises a reducing zone B1
  • the lower portion of the furnace comprises a cooling zone C1.
  • a pellet discharge pipe 20 is located at the bottom of shaft furnace 10.
  • Reduced iron material 22 also referred to as sponge iron or metallized product, is removed from the furnace by discharge conveyor 24 located beneath discharge pipe 20. Removal of the metallized pellets via discharge pipe 20 establishes a gravitational flow of the particulate iron oxide burden through shaft furnace 10.
  • a bustle and tuyere system At the central portion of the shaft furnace 10 is a bustle and tuyere system, indicated generally at 26, having gas ports 28 through which hot reducing gas is introduced to flow upwardly in counterflow relationship to the movement of the burden 18.
  • the spent top gas exits the furnace through two separate spent gas offtake systems. Downwardly protruding takeoff pipes 30 communicate with upper plenum 32.
  • the spent top gas from plenum 32 exits the furnace through gas outlet 34.
  • the lower end of each pellet feed pipe 16 extends sufficiently far into the furnace to create a reacted gas disengaging plenum 36, which permits the remaining spent reducing gas to exit generally symmetrically from the pellet stock line 38 and flow freely to reacted gas outlet 40.
  • a loop recirculating system is provided at the cooling zone of the furnace to cool the pellets prior to their discharge.
  • This system includes a cooler scrubber 42, a recirculating gas blower 44, gas inlet 46, gas distributing member 48 located within furnace 10, gas collecting member 50 positioned above gas distributing member 48 within the furnace, gas outlet 52, and gas circulating pipes 54.
  • a reformer furnace 60 having a fuel fired burner 62, a flue pipe 64 and a plurality of indirect heat exchanger catalyst tubes 66, which are externally heated by burner 62, only one tube being shown, generates hot reducing gas.
  • the reducing gas flows from the catalyst tubes 66 to the bustle and tuyere system 26 through gas pipe 68.
  • Pipe 74 leads from scrubber-cooler 72 to a gas blower 76 which is required to circulate the top gas from the scrubber-cooler through pipes 74 and 78.
  • Pipe 78 transmits the spent top gas to the catalyst tubes 66 of the reformer furnace to reform the spent gas into an effective reducing gas by stoichiometric reforming.
  • a source 80 of a gaseous hydrocarbon such as natural gas, is available to enrich the spent top gas in pipe 78 if desired.
  • Pipe 84 transmits the cleaned and cooled top gas to a burner 62 of the reformer furnace as fuel to be used as a source of heat.
  • a source 86 of a gaseous hydrocarbon such as natural gas delivers make-up gas to burner 62 through pipe 84 when required.
  • Combustion air for the burner 62 in the reforming furnace is supplied from source 88.
  • Valve 90 in pipe 84 opens or closes in response to back pressure controller 92 thus maintaining a constant flow of gas to burner 62 relating to the expansion of gas reformed in the reformer. If the amount of gas resulting from expansion in the reformer tubes is not sufficient to provide the required heat for the reformer, a valve 90 opens to admit natural gas from source 86 to burner 62 as fuel.
  • An alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes provision for utilizing a portion of the spent top gas as cooling gas, and for allowing a portion of the cooling gas to flow upwardly from the cooling zone into the reducing zone, become heated by the hot burden and act as reductant in the reducing zone.
  • the furnace of FIG. 2 has four distinct zones. Zone A2 in the uppermost portion of the furnace is a sulfur removal and pre-reduction zone. Zone B2 is the reducing zone. Zone C2 is an upflow gas preheat zone, while zone D2 is the cooling zone.
  • a number of downwardly extending spent gas takeoff tubes 100 extend through the top of shaft furnace 10 and into the burden 18.
  • Spent top gas from the single interior plenum 102 in the top of the sulfur removal zone exits the furnace through spent top gas outlet 104 and is cleaned and cooled in scrubber-cooler 82.
  • a portion of the sulfur-containing top gas flows to the burner through pipe 106.
  • a second portion of the sulfur-containing top gas is admitted to the cooling gas recirculating circuit through pipe 108.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing gas such as natural gas or methane can be added to this spent top gas from source 110 to enrich the cooling gas.
  • the recirculating cooling gas circuit is similar to that of FIG. 1 except for the addition of spent gas inlet 112.
  • the reductant rich top gas from pipes 100 can be gathered in a plenum not shown before being introduced to cooler-scrubber 82, or each pipe 100 can communicate directly with the cooler-scrubber.
  • a shaft type reduction furnace has a pre-reduction zone A1, a reduction zone B1 and a cooling zone C1.
  • Fresh hot reducing gas containing H 2 and CO as reductants is generated in a catalytic reformer 60 and introduced to the reduction furnace through ports 28 at the lower region of reduction zone B1.
  • the reducing gas flows upwardly through the furnace burden 18.
  • a portion of the gas is removed from the furnace through pipes 30 as a "reductant-rich" partially spent top gas.
  • the remaining portion of the gas flows upwardly through the pre-reduction zone A1 and exits the burden stockline 38 as a relatively "reductant-lean" fully spent top gas.
  • the incoming particulate oxide feed material is pre-reduced partially to metallic iron.
  • Sulfur which is liberated from the iron oxide feed material, is confined to the pre-reduction zone, and the H 2 S, which is liberated, is confined to the reductant-lean top gas.
  • the reductant-rich top gas which is removed from the burden through the immersed pipes 30 is free of sulfur.
  • the reductant-rich top gas, containing CO 2 and H 2 O vapor formed in the reduction zone, is cooled, scrubbed of dust and admitted to a catalytic reformer 60. Natural gas or other hydrocarbon vapor is added to the cooled reductant-rich top gas and is reformed by CO 2 and residual H 2 O vapor present in this cooled top gas to form fresh hot reducing gas.
  • the reductant-lean, sulfur-containing top gas is cooled and scrubbed of dust, then utilized as fuel to fire the reformer furnace.
  • the reductant-lean top gas will ordinarily contain about 100 to 400 parts per million by volume of H 2 S with a typical high sulfur lump ore as the oxide feed material. Although this H 2 S level is not acceptable for catalytic reforming, it is a very acceptable level in a fuel gas to be burned.
  • the reductant-rich, sulfur-free top gas is removed from the burden in a region near the wall of the reduction furnace (See FIG. 4), cooled and scrubbed of dust and admitted to a catalytic reformer as heretofore described.
  • the sulfur-laden, reductant-lean top gas is removed at the burden stockline, is cooled and scrubbed of dust. A portion of this gas is used as fuel to fire the reformer furnace.
  • a second portion is admitted to the cooling zone recirculating circuit, and then flows upwardly from the cooling zone D2 through an upflow gas preheat zone C2 from which the gas converges and flows upwardly through the center of the reduction zone B2 and pre-reduction zones A2.
  • Natural gas or other hydrocarbon vapor from source 110 is mixed with the reductant-lean top gas which is admitted to the cooling zone circuit, in order to enable some reforming to be achieved in the upflow gas preheat zone C2 to enhance the reducing potential of the upflow gas.
  • the reductant-rich top gas is removed from the burden 18 through the immersed pipes 100, which are near the wall of the furnace (see FIG. 4).
  • the location of pipes 100 insures that none of the reductant-lean top gas flowing upwardly from cooling zone D2 and converging to the center of the furnace is commingled with the reductant-rich top gas.
  • the H 2 S in the reductant-lean top gas admitted to the cooling zone D2 is removed from the gas in zone D2 by reaction with the cooled sponge iron or metallized product.
  • the upflow gas is essentially free of sulfur so that the hot sponge iron burden in the upflow gas preheat zone is an effective reforming catalyst.
  • reductant-lean top gas may be used for purposes other than specifically described, such as fuel gas for use external of the direct reduction equipment shown in the drawings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
US05/630,489 1975-11-10 1975-11-10 Apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore Expired - Lifetime US4032120A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/630,489 US4032120A (en) 1975-11-10 1975-11-10 Apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore
CA264,265A CA1081468A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-10-27 Method and apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore
GB4488976A GB1504270A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-10-28 Method and apparatus for direct reduction of sulphur-containing iron ore
AU19099/76A AU524945B2 (en) 1975-11-10 1976-10-28 Direct reduction of sulfur containing iron ore
AR26529876A AR212641A1 (es) 1975-11-10 1976-10-29 Metodo para producir un producto de hierro metalizado por flujo en contracorriente de un gas reductor caliente y aparato para realizarlo
ZA766553A ZA766553B (en) 1975-11-10 1976-11-02 Method and apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore
BR7607326A BR7607326A (pt) 1975-11-10 1976-11-03 Processo para obtencao do um produto metalizado;aperfeicoamento em processo para obter um produto de ferro metalizado em um forno de eixo;e aparelho para obter um produto de ferro metalizado a partir de minerio de ferro em particulas
JP13459776A JPS5260214A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-11-09 Method and apparatus for reducing ore with virtical furnace
DE2651309A DE2651309C3 (de) 1975-11-10 1976-11-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Direktreduktion von Metalloxid
ES453173A ES453173A1 (es) 1975-11-10 1976-11-10 Procedimiento y aparato para producir un producto metaliza- do.
US05/753,024 US4087275A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-12-22 Method for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore
KE310781A KE3107A (en) 1975-11-10 1981-01-07 Method and apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore
BE2/59387A BE890549Q (fr) 1975-11-10 1981-09-30 Appareil pour la reduction directe de minerai de fer sulfure.
MY8100292A MY8100292A (en) 1975-11-10 1981-12-30 Method and apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-cont iron ore

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US05/630,489 US4032120A (en) 1975-11-10 1975-11-10 Apparatus for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore

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US05/753,024 Division US4087275A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-12-22 Method for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore

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US05/753,024 Expired - Lifetime US4087275A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-12-22 Method for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore

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US05/753,024 Expired - Lifetime US4087275A (en) 1975-11-10 1976-12-22 Method for direct reduction of sulfur-containing iron ore

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US (2) US4032120A (de)
JP (1) JPS5260214A (de)
AR (1) AR212641A1 (de)
AU (1) AU524945B2 (de)
BE (1) BE890549Q (de)
BR (1) BR7607326A (de)
CA (1) CA1081468A (de)
DE (1) DE2651309C3 (de)
ES (1) ES453173A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1504270A (de)
KE (1) KE3107A (de)
MY (1) MY8100292A (de)
ZA (1) ZA766553B (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2452515A1 (fr) * 1979-03-24 1980-10-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede d'obtention de gaz reducteur a partir de combustibles solides
US4333761A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-06-08 Midrex Corporation Method for direct reduction of iron using high sulfur gas
US4536213A (en) * 1984-09-10 1985-08-20 Mildrex International, B.V. Reforming of higher hydrocarbons for metal oxide reduction
US4556417A (en) * 1983-05-17 1985-12-03 Hylsa, S.A. Process for the direct reduction of iron ores
US4608240A (en) * 1983-11-04 1986-08-26 Hylsa, S.A. Method for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon gas
US4735653A (en) * 1984-08-28 1988-04-05 Korf Engineering Gmbh Process for the direct reduction of sulphurous iron ores
US5296015A (en) * 1990-01-09 1994-03-22 Hylsa S.A. De C.V. Method for the pneumatic transport of large iron-bearing particles
US5447550A (en) * 1994-09-21 1995-09-05 Hylsa S.A. De C.V. Method and apparatus for the pneumatic transport of iron-bearing particles
US6210631B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2001-04-03 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Reduction vessel for the reduction of metal-oxide-bearing material
US20090217784A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2009-09-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ore reduction process and titanium oxide and iron metallization product
US20100237280A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2010-09-23 John James Barnes Ore reduction process using carbon based materials having a low sulfur content and titanium oxide and iron metallization product therefrom

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3203092A1 (de) * 1982-01-30 1983-08-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur abscheidung von feinkoernigem direkt reduziertem eisen aus kuehlgasen
MX156697A (es) * 1982-05-12 1988-09-27 Hylsa Sa Metodo mejorado para la reduccion directa de minerales de hierro
US4752329A (en) * 1986-03-21 1988-06-21 Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch Apparatus and method for increasing carbon content of hot directly reduced iron
AT406379B (de) * 1995-10-10 2000-04-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren zur direktreduktion von teilchenförmigem eisenoxidhältigem material und anlage zur durchführung des verfahrens
DE19960575A1 (de) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren und Anlage zur Reduktion von Feinerzen
AT508523B1 (de) * 2009-07-31 2011-04-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Reformgasbasiertes reduktionsverfahren und vorrichtung mit decarbonisierung des brenngases für den reformer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740706A (en) * 1951-10-10 1956-04-03 Texaco Development Corp Method of reducing metal oxides
US2873183A (en) * 1954-07-07 1959-02-10 Kenneth B Ray And The St Trust Continuous iron ore reduction process
US3469969A (en) * 1965-05-25 1969-09-30 Hermann Schenck Process for reducing iron ores
US3635456A (en) * 1970-04-29 1972-01-18 Dravo Corp Apparatus for direct reduction of iron oxide compacts
US3954444A (en) * 1973-02-17 1976-05-04 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke Ag Process for the direct reduction of iron ores

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3749386A (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-07-31 Midland Ross Corp Method and means for reducing iron oxides in a gaseous reduction process

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740706A (en) * 1951-10-10 1956-04-03 Texaco Development Corp Method of reducing metal oxides
US2873183A (en) * 1954-07-07 1959-02-10 Kenneth B Ray And The St Trust Continuous iron ore reduction process
US3469969A (en) * 1965-05-25 1969-09-30 Hermann Schenck Process for reducing iron ores
US3635456A (en) * 1970-04-29 1972-01-18 Dravo Corp Apparatus for direct reduction of iron oxide compacts
US3954444A (en) * 1973-02-17 1976-05-04 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke Ag Process for the direct reduction of iron ores

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2452515A1 (fr) * 1979-03-24 1980-10-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede d'obtention de gaz reducteur a partir de combustibles solides
US4333761A (en) * 1979-10-22 1982-06-08 Midrex Corporation Method for direct reduction of iron using high sulfur gas
US4556417A (en) * 1983-05-17 1985-12-03 Hylsa, S.A. Process for the direct reduction of iron ores
US4608240A (en) * 1983-11-04 1986-08-26 Hylsa, S.A. Method for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon gas
US4735653A (en) * 1984-08-28 1988-04-05 Korf Engineering Gmbh Process for the direct reduction of sulphurous iron ores
US4536213A (en) * 1984-09-10 1985-08-20 Mildrex International, B.V. Reforming of higher hydrocarbons for metal oxide reduction
US5296015A (en) * 1990-01-09 1994-03-22 Hylsa S.A. De C.V. Method for the pneumatic transport of large iron-bearing particles
US5447550A (en) * 1994-09-21 1995-09-05 Hylsa S.A. De C.V. Method and apparatus for the pneumatic transport of iron-bearing particles
US6210631B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2001-04-03 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Reduction vessel for the reduction of metal-oxide-bearing material
US20090217784A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2009-09-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ore reduction process and titanium oxide and iron metallization product
US7780756B2 (en) 2005-08-30 2010-08-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ore reduction process and titanium oxide and iron metallization product
US20100285326A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2010-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ore reduction process and titanium oxide and iron metallization product
US20100237280A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2010-09-23 John James Barnes Ore reduction process using carbon based materials having a low sulfur content and titanium oxide and iron metallization product therefrom
US8372179B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2013-02-12 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Ore reduction process using carbon based materials having a low sulfur content and titanium oxide and iron metallization product therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES453173A1 (es) 1977-11-16
DE2651309B2 (de) 1979-08-09
BE890549Q (fr) 1982-01-18
BR7607326A (pt) 1977-09-20
MY8100292A (en) 1981-12-31
JPS5260214A (en) 1977-05-18
DE2651309C3 (de) 1980-04-10
CA1081468A (en) 1980-07-15
GB1504270A (en) 1978-03-15
DE2651309A1 (de) 1977-05-18
JPS5710928B2 (de) 1982-03-01
AU1909976A (en) 1978-05-04
ZA766553B (en) 1977-10-26
AU524945B2 (en) 1982-10-14
KE3107A (en) 1981-02-13
AR212641A1 (es) 1978-08-31
US4087275A (en) 1978-05-02

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