US3946785A - Simplified bead construction for pneumatic tires - Google Patents

Simplified bead construction for pneumatic tires Download PDF

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Publication number
US3946785A
US3946785A US05/494,018 US49401874A US3946785A US 3946785 A US3946785 A US 3946785A US 49401874 A US49401874 A US 49401874A US 3946785 A US3946785 A US 3946785A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ply
bead
tire
connector
cords
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/494,018
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Pope Powers
James Dennis Gardner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bridgestone Firestone Inc
Original Assignee
Firestone Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Firestone Tire and Rubber Co filed Critical Firestone Tire and Rubber Co
Priority to US05/494,018 priority Critical patent/US3946785A/en
Priority to AU83513/75A priority patent/AU490017B2/en
Priority to GB31571/75A priority patent/GB1522492A/en
Priority to CA232,501A priority patent/CA1022839A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3946785A publication Critical patent/US3946785A/en
Assigned to BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE, INC. reassignment BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). AUGUST 1, 1989, OH. Assignors: FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
    • B60C15/0009—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap features of the carcass terminal portion
    • B60C15/0072—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap features of the carcass terminal portion with ply reverse folding, i.e. carcass layer folded around the bead core from the outside to the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
    • B60C15/0009—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap features of the carcass terminal portion
    • B60C15/0018—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap features of the carcass terminal portion not folded around the bead core, e.g. floating or down ply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10819—Characterized by the structure of the bead portion of the tire
    • Y10T152/10837—Bead characterized by the radial extent of apex, flipper or chafer into tire sidewall

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radial ply pneumatic tires which are used on passenger, truck, off-the-road, tractor and industrial vehicles, but particularly to truck tires. It specifically relates to such tires in which the reinforcing cords in the body plies are radially directed and consist of an inextensible material, such as glass, steel wire and Kevlar.
  • the normal, commercial tire employing this type of construction whether it be truck or passenger, has the end of the reinforcing body ply wrapped around the bead bundle either by turning the ply end up or down around the bead bundle.
  • the tire may also have a bead wrap around the bead bundle.
  • the cords in the bead wrap usually form an angle to the radial plane of the tire.
  • the prior art constructions contain a bead reinforce ply having inextensible cords at a bias to the radial plane of the tire to strengthen and stiffen the tire bead area.
  • This ply causes construction problems and resulting failures by separation at the edges of these reinforce plies.
  • these bias reinforce plies may be eliminated.
  • the present invention departs from the prior art in several aspects, one of which is the elimination of the necessity to wrap the end of the reinforcing body ply around the bead bundle.
  • the concept of no turn ups of the ends of the body ply has been taught, see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,219,420; 1,393,952; 3,062,259 and 3,386,486; French Pat. Nos. 1,124,766 and 1,127,521 and British Pat. No. 990,524.
  • the body ply ends are sandwiched between the ends of the bead wrap.
  • the bead wrap may not be assembled onto the bead bundle prior to the application of the bead bundle on the tire building drum but that the bead wrap must first be placed on the building drum, then the bead bundle, then the body ply and then the free end of the bead wrap turned up to engulf the bead bundle and the body ply end.
  • This prior art construction obviously does not eliminate the need for the expensive turn up operation in the tire building operation as does the present invention.
  • the present invention eliminates the necessity of turning up or down (wrapping) the end of a ply of inextensible material, whether the ply be a body ply or a bead reinforcing ply, when the tire is being assembled on the tire building drum.
  • the elimination of this step results in a significant simplification of tire construction, tire building machines and an ultimate, overall cost savings.
  • the construction of this invention has a radial body ply which is not wrapped around the bead bundle and a radial bead connector ply which is wrapped around the bead bundle. These two plies, which both must have inextensible reinforcing cords, overlap to give a construction that has the effect of the body ply being wrapped around the bead bundle.
  • the construction has four basic features; (1) the cords of the body ply and bead connector ply must have an inextensible nature, (2) the cords of the body ply and the bead connector ply must be radial, (3) the end of the body ply is located on the same side of the bead bundle as the ply itself and (4) the end of the body ply is located either axially inside or outside of the bead connector.
  • the bead bundle is provided with a bead connector ply which is wrapped around the bead bundle with its ends in the lower sidewall area of the tire an unequal distance from the bead bundle.
  • the cords in the bead connector ply all extend radially of the tire and are of an inextensible material.
  • the cords in the body ply are all of an inextensible material and all are radial. Therefore, when the tire is cured, the cords of the body ply can be considered to nest with the cords of the bead connector.
  • this construction Due to the radial direction and inextensible nature of the cords of both plies, this construction has the strength and acts like one in which a body ply is wrapped around the bead bundle. This construction also has the same resistance to forces as a radial body ply that is wrapped around the bead bundle. This results in a strong construction which can be economically manufactured. It is understood that there must be a sufficient amount of overlap of the contiguous portions of these plies to give adequate nesting of the cords. This distance should be between 20 and 50 percent of the distance between the bead bundle and the edge of the tread belt plies. This distance is measured along the body ply periphery from the center of the bead bundle to the point on the body ply radially under the edge of the tread ply.
  • the body ply in the tire of this invention may be located either axially inwardly of the bead connector ply and bead bundle or axially outwardly.
  • the building of the tire of this invention is simple compared to the prior art tires it replaces.
  • the bead connector ply is wrapped around the bead bundle to form a single, preconstructed unit, the bead unit.
  • a bead unit is placed at both edges of the tire building drum (an open-ended cylinder). The body ply is wrapped around the cylinder with its ends merely being stitched by the standard tread stitches to the bead unit.
  • tread ply belt, tread and sidewalls are then applied in the normal manner and the tire is later vulcanized.
  • the only difference in the embodiment of this invention where the body ply is located axially inwardly of the bead unit is that the body ply is applied to the drum prior to the bead units.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a pneumatic tire disclosing one embodiment of this invention
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are partial cross-sectional views of the bead area of a pneumatic tire disclosing other embodiments of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a pneumatic tire in which the tire is divided at its circumferential mid-point.
  • the road-engaging tread surface, 1 contains a circumferential tread ply belt, 2, which is shown as containing two plies, 3, of tire cord fabric. The ends of these plies are identified as 4.
  • This tread ply belt may be any of the known constructions.
  • the road-engaging tread surface is connected to the bead area, 6, by sidewall, 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows the sidewall containing one body ply, 7, the cords of which run radially of the tire; that is, perpendicular to the circumferential plane of the tire.
  • the annular bead bundle, 12, may be any of the known bead bundle constructions.
  • the bead connector ply, 9, is wrapped around the bead bundle with its ends, 10 and 11, located in the lower sidewall area of the tire at different radial distances from the bead bundle, 12.
  • the end of the body ply, 8, is located axially outwardly of the bead bundle and bead connector ply on the same side of the bead bundle and bead connector ply as the body ply itself.
  • the length of the body ply and the bead connecting ply where they are contiguous to one another is at least 20% and not greater than 50% of the peripheral distance of the body ply measured from the mid-point of bead bundle, 12, along the body ply to the point on the body ply where the edges of the tread ply are located.
  • this is represented by the distance from Point A, the mid-point of the bead bundle, to Point B, the end of the portion of the bead connector ply contiguous with the body ply, as compared to the distance between A and Point C, the point on the periphery of the body ply which is radially below the outside edge of the tread ply belt.
  • the bead connector ply contains radially extending inextensible reinforcing cords, such as glass cords, steel wire or Kevlar.
  • the cords in the plies effectively contact cords in the contiguous plies to form a strong construction.
  • the effect of this effective contracting is to give a construction which has strength and resistance to forces comparable to a construction wherein the body ply ends are wrapped around the bead bundles.
  • the bead connector ply due to this effective contracting feature, merely acts as an extension of the body ply. It is, therefore, possible with the construction of this invention to obtain the strength of a construction wherein the body ply is wrapped around the bead bundle without the necessity of actually wrapping the body ply around the bead bundle.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bead area of a pneumatic tire showing another embodiment of this invention. All of the references in FIG. 1 apply to FIG. 2.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 2 shows the body ply located entirely axially inwardly of the bead bundle and the bead connector ply.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bead area of a pneumatic tire showing yet another embodiment of this invention.
  • the body ply is located axially outwardly of the bead bundle and bead connecting ply.
  • This embodiment differs from FIG. 1 in that the axially inner end of the bead connector ply, 10, is located radially farther from the bead bundle than the axially outer end, 11, of the bead connector ply. It is envisioned that a similar reversal in the location of the ends of the bead connector ply may occur in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the contiguous portions of the bead connector may be the required length; that is, 20 to 50 percent of the specified length of the body ply.
  • FIG. 3 shows this embodiment wherein the end of the body ply, 8, is located radially under the bead bundle. This is accomplished merely by use of the standard tread stitches in the building process. The ply end does not engulf the bead bundle.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bead area of a tire showing yet another embodiment of this invention.
  • the body ply, 7, has its end, 8, located axially inwardly of the bead bundle and bead reinforcing plies.
  • the bead connector is formed of two plies, 20, instead of one.
  • the axially inner ends, 21, of the bead connector plies are located a greater radial distance from the bead bundle than the axial outer ends, 22. It is understood that these radial distances may be reversed.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bead area of a tire showing yet another embodiment of this invention.
  • two body plies, 7 and 7' are shown with their ends, 8 and 8', selectively located axially inwardly and axially outwardly of bead bundle, 12, and bead connector ply, 9.
  • the contiguous length of both sides of the bead connector ply shown ending at 10 and 11, respectively, is 20 to 50 percent of the specific length of the body plies, 7 and 7', respectively.
  • both body plies in this embodiment may also selectively end on the same side of the bead bundle and bead connector ply, either axially inwardly or outwardly thereof.
  • the inextensible reinforcing cords in the bead connector ply or plies may be made of a different inextensible material than the inextensible cords of the body ply. It is preferable that the cords of the bead connector ply and the body ply be made of materials having the same inextensibility, the same tensile and modulus. Also, different types and constructions of the same material may be used in these plies. For example, the body ply may be constructed of heavy, stiff cords of steel wire, whereas the connector ply may be constructed of lighter and more flexible cords of steel wire.
  • a tire may contain two embodiments of this invention; that is, the left hand bead area may have the body ply end located axially outwardly of its bead bundle and bead connector ply whereas the right hand bead area may have the body ply end located axially inwardly of its bead bundle and bead connector ply. Any such combination of the embodiments of this invention within one tire is permissible.
  • the Applicants have successfully tested a radial ply tubeless truck tire having the construction set out in FIG. 1.
  • the tire tested was an 11-22.5 size.
  • the single body ply contained radial cords of steel wire having a cable construction which is known in the industry as 1 ⁇ 4+6 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .175+1 ⁇ .15 and having 14 cords per inch.
  • the bead connector ply contained radial cords of steel wire having a cable construction known to the industry as 1 ⁇ 4+6 ⁇ 4 ⁇ .175+ 1 ⁇ .15 and had 14 cords per inch.
  • This tire performed satisfactorily under test conditions of high overload on a test designed by the Applicants to induce failures in the bead area of the tire.
  • This invention permits the elimination of some of the cord reinforcing strips presently used in the bead area; however, it is understood that the principle of this invention is not lost by providing strips or pieces of other materials in the bead area of the tire.
  • Such strips could be cover strips around the ends of the bead connector plies or the body ply, chafer strips to resist the abrasion of the tire on the rim or reinforcing plies in the bead area of the tire to supply more strength and resistance to flexibility in this area, giving the tire greater lateral stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
US05/494,018 1974-08-01 1974-08-01 Simplified bead construction for pneumatic tires Expired - Lifetime US3946785A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/494,018 US3946785A (en) 1974-08-01 1974-08-01 Simplified bead construction for pneumatic tires
AU83513/75A AU490017B2 (en) 1975-07-09 Pneumatic tire
GB31571/75A GB1522492A (en) 1974-08-01 1975-07-28 Pneumatic tyre
CA232,501A CA1022839A (fr) 1974-08-01 1975-07-29 Pneu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/494,018 US3946785A (en) 1974-08-01 1974-08-01 Simplified bead construction for pneumatic tires

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US3946785A true US3946785A (en) 1976-03-30

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US (1) US3946785A (fr)
CA (1) CA1022839A (fr)
GB (1) GB1522492A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100955A (en) * 1977-06-08 1978-07-18 The B. F. Goodrich Company Pneumatic tire
US4854361A (en) * 1986-06-24 1989-08-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US4922985A (en) * 1986-06-24 1990-05-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire and rim assembly
US5263526A (en) * 1992-09-30 1993-11-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tire having specified bead structure
WO1998054008A1 (fr) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatique a structure de nappe composite et procede de fabrication
US5851324A (en) * 1992-09-30 1998-12-22 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Radial ply pneumatic tire
EP1033235A2 (fr) * 1999-01-09 2000-09-06 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'une carcasse pour pneu par fixation des extrémités des nappes dans les zones du talon
US6142205A (en) * 1998-03-13 2000-11-07 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire with composite ply structure
WO2000071366A1 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 Societe De Technologie Michelin Bourrelet sans tringle pour pneumatique
US6358346B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2002-03-19 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method of building tire with composite ply structure
WO2002030688A1 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-18 Societe De Technologie Michelin Pneumatique presentant un passage de carcasse externe
FR2882691A1 (fr) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-08 Michelin Soc Tech Structure de bourrelet de pneumatique
US20170297382A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2017-10-19 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire Having Greater Resistance To Unseating

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1393952A (en) * 1921-10-18 Tire-casing
US2966933A (en) * 1957-03-14 1961-01-03 Michelin & Cie Beads for pneumatic tires
US3062259A (en) * 1959-03-31 1962-11-06 Michelin & Cie Pneumatic tire casings
GB995645A (en) * 1961-02-06 1965-06-23 Pneumatiques Caoutchouc Mfg Tyre casing
US3386486A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-06-04 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Tires

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1393952A (en) * 1921-10-18 Tire-casing
US2966933A (en) * 1957-03-14 1961-01-03 Michelin & Cie Beads for pneumatic tires
US3062259A (en) * 1959-03-31 1962-11-06 Michelin & Cie Pneumatic tire casings
GB995645A (en) * 1961-02-06 1965-06-23 Pneumatiques Caoutchouc Mfg Tyre casing
US3386486A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-06-04 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Tires

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100955A (en) * 1977-06-08 1978-07-18 The B. F. Goodrich Company Pneumatic tire
US4854361A (en) * 1986-06-24 1989-08-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tires
US4922985A (en) * 1986-06-24 1990-05-08 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire and rim assembly
US5851324A (en) * 1992-09-30 1998-12-22 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Radial ply pneumatic tire
US5679188A (en) * 1992-09-30 1997-10-21 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tire having specified bead structure
US6263935B1 (en) 1992-09-30 2001-07-24 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Radial ply pneumatic runflat tire
US5263526A (en) * 1992-09-30 1993-11-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tire having specified bead structure
WO1998054008A1 (fr) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatique a structure de nappe composite et procede de fabrication
CN1086649C (zh) * 1997-05-29 2002-06-26 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 具有复合帘布层结构的轮胎及其制造方法
AU728296B2 (en) * 1997-05-29 2001-01-04 Goodyear Tire And Rubber Company, The Tire with composite ply structure and method of manufacture
US6142205A (en) * 1998-03-13 2000-11-07 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire with composite ply structure
US6536493B2 (en) 1998-05-29 2003-03-25 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tire with composite ply structure
EP1033235A2 (fr) * 1999-01-09 2000-09-06 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'une carcasse pour pneu par fixation des extrémités des nappes dans les zones du talon
US6598641B1 (en) 1999-01-09 2003-07-29 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Limited Stitching ply edges into bead region
EP1033235A3 (fr) * 1999-01-09 2001-03-07 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'une carcasse pour pneu par fixation des extrémités des nappes dans les zones du talon
FR2794064A1 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-12-01 Michelin Soc Tech Bourrelet sans tringle pour pneumatique
CN100361831C (zh) * 1999-05-25 2008-01-16 米其林技术公司 轮胎的无钢丝胎圈
US6598643B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2003-07-29 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Wireless bead for a tire
AU763199B2 (en) * 1999-05-25 2003-07-17 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Coreless bead for tyre
WO2000071366A1 (fr) * 1999-05-25 2000-11-30 Societe De Technologie Michelin Bourrelet sans tringle pour pneumatique
US6358346B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2002-03-19 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method of building tire with composite ply structure
WO2002030688A1 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-18 Societe De Technologie Michelin Pneumatique presentant un passage de carcasse externe
FR2882691A1 (fr) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-08 Michelin Soc Tech Structure de bourrelet de pneumatique
WO2006094947A1 (fr) * 2005-03-07 2006-09-14 Societe De Technologie Michelin Structure de bourrelet de pneumatique.
US20080190539A1 (en) * 2005-03-07 2008-08-14 Olivier Ferlin Tire Bead Structure
JP2008531398A (ja) * 2005-03-07 2008-08-14 ソシエテ ド テクノロジー ミシュラン タイヤビード構造
CN101137519B (zh) * 2005-03-07 2010-08-25 米其林技术公司 胎圈结构
US7819157B2 (en) 2005-03-07 2010-10-26 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Tire bead structure
US20170297382A1 (en) * 2014-09-24 2017-10-19 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire Having Greater Resistance To Unseating
US10792959B2 (en) * 2014-09-24 2020-10-06 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire having greater resistance to unseating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1022839A (fr) 1977-12-20
GB1522492A (en) 1978-08-23
AU8351375A (en) 1977-02-03

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE, INC., A CORP. OF OH.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, THE, A CORP. OF OH.;REEL/FRAME:005237/0003

Effective date: 19890731