US3930079A - Method for fire-proofing treatment of fabrics composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers - Google Patents

Method for fire-proofing treatment of fabrics composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3930079A
US3930079A US532239A US53223974A US3930079A US 3930079 A US3930079 A US 3930079A US 532239 A US532239 A US 532239A US 53223974 A US53223974 A US 53223974A US 3930079 A US3930079 A US 3930079A
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fabric
percent
fire
fibers
polyester
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US532239A
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Astuo Hashizume
Ryuichiro Tsuzuki
Haruo Mizushima
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Teijin Ltd
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Teijin Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D06M15/43—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds
    • D06M15/431—Amino-aldehyde resins modified by phosphorus compounds by phosphines or phosphine oxides; by oxides or salts of the phosphonium radical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
    • Y10T442/2672—Phosphorus containing
    • Y10T442/2689—A phosphorus containing compound and a nitrogen containing compound

Definitions

  • This invention relates to :a method for fire-proofing treatment of fabrics composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers to impart-to the fabrics not only a high level of fire-proofness but” also otherimproved properties such as moderate stiffness, resistance to dye bleed-out, rust-proofness, resistance to soiling and superior feel (free from a tacky feeling):
  • this invention relates to a method for fire proofing treatment of fabrics composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers, which comprises impregnating the fabrics with the following treating agents (l) to l. a tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium compound,
  • DBPP type fire-proofing agent
  • polyesters are used .in combination.
  • DBPP is used in an amount .of as much as about 38 percent by weight based on the total amount of THPC, trimethylolrnelamine and urea, butdespite such a large amount of DBPP, the fire-proofness imparted is insufficient, and does not meet the acceptance criterion, for example, of a fire-proofness test by a vertical testing method (standard for the Flammability of Childrens Sleepear DO'C FF 3-71).
  • the amount of DBPP is r'educed, for example to one-fourth to one tenth of the amount used in the above-cited method, the fire-proofness will be reduced drastically, and in an extreme case; therewill be no significance of the treatment.
  • the fabricstreated become harsh in feeling and lose their practical value.
  • fabrics composedof polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers can be rendered fire-proof by treatment with l) a tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium compound, (2) methylolmelamine, (3) a thiocarbamic acid derivative, (4) an organic halogenated phosphorus compound and (5) a long-chain alkyl ethyleneurea in the specific amounts hereinafter described without involving any of the above-mentioned defects of the prior techniques.
  • the fabric composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers is meant to refer generically to fibrous structures composed of these two types of material which may be in any desired form such as a monofilament, multifilament, staple fiber, yarn, or tow.
  • the fabric may be in any desired form such as a knitted, woven or non-woven fabric.
  • the fabric to be rendered fireproof by the method of this invention consists, based on the weight of the fabric, of about 50 to about 70 percent of polyestcr filaments or fibers and about 50 to about 30 percent of cellulosic filaments or fibers.
  • Polyester-cellulosic mixed type fabrics within this mixing ratio have previously been especially difficult to render fire-proof to a satisfactory degree. According to this invention, an outstanding fireproofing effect can be imparted even to such fabrics along with the above-mentioned improved properties.
  • the polyester as a raw material for the polyester filaments or fibers may, for example, be polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-Z,6-naphthalate, or polyesters composed mainly of polyethylene terephthalate and a third component incorporated for dyeability improvement.
  • the cellulosic filaments or fibers are filaments or fibers of cellulosic materials such as cotton, flax, other natural celluloses, viscose rayon, or cellulose acetate rayon. Fabrics composed of these polyester and cellulosic materials can contain up to about percent by weight, based on the total weight of these materials, of another natural or synthetic fiberforming material.
  • tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium compound (THPC) 1) used in this invention are tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium halides, preferably the chloride, and tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium hydroxide.
  • the hydroxide can be obtained by treatiing a salt of tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium in an aqueous solution ofa base such as sodium hydroxide.
  • Preferred thiocarbamic acid derivatives as treating agent (3) used in this invention are those in which X is -NH and which is expressed by the following formula 4 wherein each of R' and R g is hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R or R may, together with an amino group, form a nitrogen-containing cyclic structure having a lower alkylene linkage.
  • Specific examples of these thiocabamic acid derivatives are thiourea, ethylene thiourea, diphenyl thiourea, thiobiuret, ethyl thiocarbamate, cyclohexyl thiocarbamate, and propylene thiourea.
  • Preferred organic halogenated phosphorus compounds used as agent (4) in this invention are those expressed by the following formulas wherein R R and R', are the same or different and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group that may be substantituted by a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one of R',,, R and R',, contains at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, R' R' and R' are the same or different, and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group that may be substituted with a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one of R' R and R',, contains at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting
  • the tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and tris(bromochloropropyl) phosphate are especially preferred.
  • the bis(dibromopropyl) dibromopropyl phosphonate is especially preferred.
  • Preferred long-chain alkyl ethyleneureas as treating agent (5) used in this invention are those expressed by the following formula 5 wherein R',: is a monovalentsaturated alkyl group containing l6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • R' is a monovalentsaturated alkyl group containing l6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Specific examples of these long-chain alkyl ethylencureas are decyl ethyleneurea, tetradecyl cthylc-neurea, hexadecyl ethyleneurea, octadecyl ethyleneurea, and eicosyl ethyleneurea.
  • the treating agents can be used in the form of an aqueous dispersion or a solution in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene or xylene.
  • the organic halogenated phosphorus compound is applied to the fabric in the form of an organic solvent solution in the first step, and then in the second step, the other four treating agents are applied to the fabric in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the treating bath may contain an alkali such as sodium hydroxide (acting to convert a salt of tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium to its hydroxide) or a nonionic, anionic or cationic surface active agent or an antistatic agent.
  • the amount of the surface active agent or the antistatic agent must be not in excess of 10% based on the total amount of'the above five treating agents. Too
  • the treating agents (1), (2) and (3) compared with that of the treating agents (1), (2) and (3) (u% b71- various defects of the conventional techniques, such as bleed-out of dye, change in color, reduction in sunlight fastness, rust formation in metals incontact with the fireproofed fabric, the tacky feeling or waxy feeling of the treated fabric, or its sus ceptibility to soiling, can be removed.
  • the fabric is impregnated with the above treating agents so that the treating agents can be taken up by the fabric to an extent such that the desired fire-proof ing effect is imparted to the fabric; Usually, it is preferred that the impregnation is performed to an extent such that the treated fabric contains about-l5 to about 35 percent by weight of the treating agents as a dry weight (or solid content).
  • theamounts of the treating agents (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), when designated a, b, c, a and e respectively, must be as follows:
  • the range of4 to 15 in theabove formula is preferably from about 5 to about 10.
  • the fabric treated with the treating agents l to (5) is heat-set.
  • the impregnated fabric In order to improve'the penetration of the organic halogenated phosphorus compound into the inside of the polyester fibers, it is desirable to pre-cure the impregnated fabric at a temperature of about 150C. for about 5 to 7 minutes,-and then heat-setting the precured fabric at a temperature of about 180 to about 200C. for about 30 seconds. This heat-setting at a later stage is also effective .for reducing the tacky feeling of the fabric by the effect of the organic halogenated phosphorus compound.
  • the heat-set fabric is usually soaped.
  • Test A test in accordance with The Fire Protection Law of Japan
  • the fire-proofness was tested and evaluated by a testing method (45-degree microburner test) stipulated in the Fire Protection Law of Japan (Enforcement The test was carried out on the basis of Standard for the Flammability of Childrens Sleepwear (DOC FF 3-71) of US. Department of Commerce.
  • An item meets the acceptance criterion if: 1) the average char length of five specimens does not exceed 17.8 cm, (2) no individual specimen has a char length of 25.4 cm and (3) no individual specimen has a residual flame time greater than 10 seconds.”
  • Test C This test method is being used by Southern Regional Research Laboratory, USA. [American Dyestuff Reporter, 48, p: 27 (1959)].
  • This test uses a strip of fabric /4 inch wide by 10 inches long, which is suspended vertically in a draftfree area and ignited at the lower end with an ordinary match. The length of flame travel is noted visually and the results are expressed by four general classifications of flame resistance: excellent if the fabric does not burn after removal of the igniting flame, good if the burning is selfextinguished in the lower 3 or 4 inches of the strip, fair" when the burning extends approximately halfway up the strip, and fail when the strip burns completely.
  • Grade 5 Grade 4: Grade 3: Grade 2: Grade 1:
  • Grade 1 Same as an unprocessed cloth
  • Grade 2 Slightly greasy grade 3: Very greasy and tacky 6.
  • Resistance to Soiling Three specimens, 5 X 5 cm, and 15 steel balls each having a diameter of 5 mm are placed in a pot, and 300 mg of an artificial soiling material consisting of 1 part by weight of carbon black, 1 part by weight of ferric oxide, 1 part by weight of ferrous oxide, 77 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 10 parts by weight of aluminum trioxide and 10 parts by weight of magnesium oxide was added.
  • the specimens are soiled in the dry state for 30 minuteds. The soiled specimens are taken out, and placed in another pot.
  • Rate of staining ('7! X wherein R is the index of reflection of the unsoiled cloth, and R, is the index of reflection of the soiled cloth.
  • Duranol Blue G (a disperse dye, a product of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd; Cl 63305) 2.5 g/l Mikcthrcn Blue GCD (a threnc dye. a
  • the resulting dyed fabric was immersed in each of 15 the fire-proof treating baths shown in Table 1. (1n Comparative Example 1, no treatment was done.) The fabric was then squeezed by a mangle at a squeeze rate of 80 percent, dried at 120C. for 5 minutes, pre-cured at C. for 5 minutes, and heat set at C. for 30 20 '10 seconds. The fabric was then soaped in a soaping bath containing 2 g/l of Marseille soap and 2 g/l of a nonionic wetting agent at 80C. for 10 minutes, and again dried at 120C.-. for 5 minutes. The properties of the treated fabrics are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 3 Comparaing bath (parts tive ti ve tive by weight) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 (1) THPC (80% aqueous (non- 25.0 25.0 25.0 1 25.0 25.0 solution) treated) (2) precondensate oftrimethylol 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 melamine (3) thiourea I 5.0 5.0 5.0 .5.0 i 5.0 5.0 (4) DBPP emulsion 1.5 3.5 7.0 -7.0 10.5 12.0
  • Test Match test C (grade) 34 2 1 1 l 1 2 Stiffness (mm) 38 58 44 40 38 38 35 Resistance to dye bleed-out (grade) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Tacky feeling (grade) 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Resistance to soiling ("/r) 16.0 15.5 15.3 14.5 16.8 17.5 20.4
  • '1 An aqueous dispersion using an alkylaryl-type nonionic surfactant and an organic sulfonic acid-type anionic surfactant as an emulsifier. with a concentration of DBPP of 307: by weight.
  • EXAMPLE Example 2 was repeated except that trimethylolmelamine was used instead of the precondensate of trime- 12 ethyleneurea (C (Example 17), hexadecyl ethyleneurea (C (Example 18), eicosyl ethyleneurea (C (Example 19).
  • a softening agent composed mainly of dimethyl polysiloxane (Comparative Examthylolmelamine used in Example 2. The results are 5 ple 5), and a softening agent composed mainly of polyshown in Table 2.
  • ethylene (Comparative Example 6) were used respectively instead of the octadecyl ethyeleneneurea of Ex- EXAMPLES 6 S EEE EOMPARATWE ample 2. The results are also shown in Table 2.
  • Example 2 was repeated except that decyl ethyleneurea (C (Example 16). tetradecyl Table 2 Test Items Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Com Ex- Example ample ample ample amp ample ample paraample ample 5 s 7 s 9 10 11 tive 12 13 Exarnple 4 Charred area 14.11 18.5 18.2 19.3 17.7 24.0 18.
  • Example 1 See the footnote to Table 1 EXAMPLE 20
  • the same twill fabric as used in Example 1 was dipped in a treating bath containing 1.8 parts of tris (2,3-dibromopropy1) phosphate and 98.2 parts of toluene, squeezed by a mangle at a squeeze ratio of 75 percent, and then dried at 120C. for 5 minutes.
  • the take-up of the organic halogenated phosphorus compound was 1.35 percent.
  • the treated fabric was further immersed in a treating bath consisting of 25.0 parts of Tl-[PC (80% aqueous solution), 7.0 parts of a precondensate of trimethylolmelamine, 5.0 parts of thiourea, 1.0 part of octadecylethyleneurea, 2.5 parts of sodium hydroxide, and 59.5 parts of water, squeezed at by a mangle at a squeeze ratio of 80 percent, dried at 120C. for 5 minutes, and cured at 150C. for 5 minutes.
  • a treating bath consisting of 25.0 parts of Tl-[PC (80% aqueous solution), 7.0 parts of a precondensate of trimethylolmelamine, 5.0 parts of thiourea, 1.0 part of octadecylethyleneurea, 2.5 parts of sodium hydroxide, and 59.5 parts of water, squeezed at by a mangle at a squeeze ratio of 80 percent, dried at 120C. for 5 minutes, and cured at 150C. for 5 minutes.
  • the amount of the treating agent newly adhered was 21.2 percent.
  • the treated fabric was further heat-set at 180C. for seconds.
  • the fabric was soaped in a soaping solution consisting of 2 g/l of Marseille soap and 2 g/l of a nonionic wetting agent at 80C. for 10 minutes, and dried at 120C. for 5 minutes.
  • the proportions u, b, c, d and e of the treating agents, and the value and the other results obtained are shown in Table
  • the fabrics treated in accordance with the method of this invention have superior fire-proofness and other various properties.
  • a method for fire-proofing treatment of a fabric composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments of fabers which comprises impregnating said fabric with the following treating agents (1) to (5) l. a tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium compound, 2. methylolmelamine, 3.
  • a thiocarbamic acid derivative expressed by the following formula the amounts of the treating agents (1), (2), (3), (4) and 5 (5), when designated a, b, c, d and 2 respectively, being as follows based on the total weight of a to e wherein X is a group selected from the class consisting of and OR;,, each ofR R R R, and R is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R or R may, together with X, form a cyclic structure,
  • R R and R are the same or different, and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one of R R and R contains at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, R R and R are the same or different and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and at least wherein R is a monovalent saturated alkyl group containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms,
  • a to 80 percent b 10 to percent 6 5 to 25 percent a 3 to 10 percent e l to 5 percent and satisfying the following equation contains said treating agents in an amount of about 15 to about 35 percent as dry weight based on the weight of the fabric.
  • said tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium compound (l) is a compound selected from the group consisting of tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride and tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium hydroxide
  • said thiocarbamic acid derivative (3) is a compound expressed by the following formula wherein each of R and R' is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R or R may, together with NH form a cyclic structure having a lower alkylene linkage
  • said organic halogenated phosphorus compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of organic halogenated phosphorus compounds of the forwherein R,;, R and R are the same or different and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group that may be substituted by a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one of R' R and R',; contains at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of bromine and chlorine, R,,, R', and R are the same or different, and each represent a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group that may be substituted with a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and at least one of R' R and R con tains at least one halogen atom selected from the

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US532239A 1973-12-12 1974-12-12 Method for fire-proofing treatment of fabrics composed of polyester and cellulosic filaments or fibers Expired - Lifetime US3930079A (en)

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FR (1) FR2254671A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1486816A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4241145A (en) * 1979-09-17 1980-12-23 Velsicol Chemical Corporation Novel intumescent composition
EP0155834A3 (en) * 1984-03-16 1988-02-03 Toray Industries, Inc. Flame-proof fiber product
GB2242916A (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Albright & Wilson Flame retardants
WO1998014541A1 (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-04-09 Wasinger Eric M Composition and process for decolorizing and/or desizing garments
US20060180789A1 (en) * 2003-03-21 2006-08-17 Jones Christopher R Formulation for corrosion and scale inhibition
WO2009104479A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Resin composition and molded article
US20100044653A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2010-02-25 Salman Dermeik Composition for treating fiber materials
US20110114904A1 (en) * 2008-06-12 2011-05-19 Huntsman Textile Effects (Germany) Gmbh Composition for treatment of fiber materials by exhaust method in particular

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3247015A (en) * 1961-09-26 1966-04-19 Hooker Chemical Corp Flameproofing of textile materials
US3376160A (en) * 1964-06-29 1968-04-02 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of cellulosic material with apo-thiourea flame resistance and the resulting material
US3759851A (en) * 1968-08-05 1973-09-18 Bayer Ag Flame resistant textile fabrics

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3247015A (en) * 1961-09-26 1966-04-19 Hooker Chemical Corp Flameproofing of textile materials
US3376160A (en) * 1964-06-29 1968-04-02 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of cellulosic material with apo-thiourea flame resistance and the resulting material
US3759851A (en) * 1968-08-05 1973-09-18 Bayer Ag Flame resistant textile fabrics

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4241145A (en) * 1979-09-17 1980-12-23 Velsicol Chemical Corporation Novel intumescent composition
EP0155834A3 (en) * 1984-03-16 1988-02-03 Toray Industries, Inc. Flame-proof fiber product
GB2242916A (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Albright & Wilson Flame retardants
WO1998014541A1 (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-04-09 Wasinger Eric M Composition and process for decolorizing and/or desizing garments
US20060180789A1 (en) * 2003-03-21 2006-08-17 Jones Christopher R Formulation for corrosion and scale inhibition
US20100044653A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2010-02-25 Salman Dermeik Composition for treating fiber materials
WO2009104479A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Resin composition and molded article
US20100184888A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2010-07-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Resin composition and molded article
US7863356B2 (en) 2008-02-22 2011-01-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Resin composition and molded article
CN101945945B (zh) * 2008-02-22 2012-11-07 佳能株式会社 树脂组合物和模制品
US20110114904A1 (en) * 2008-06-12 2011-05-19 Huntsman Textile Effects (Germany) Gmbh Composition for treatment of fiber materials by exhaust method in particular
US8303835B2 (en) * 2008-06-12 2012-11-06 Huntsman Textile Effects (Germany) Gmbh Composition for treatment of fiber materials by exhaust method in particular

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GB1486816A (en) 1977-09-28
JPS5088400A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-16
FR2254671A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-11

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