US3929112A - Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3929112A
US3929112A US438355*A US43835574A US3929112A US 3929112 A US3929112 A US 3929112A US 43835574 A US43835574 A US 43835574A US 3929112 A US3929112 A US 3929112A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metering
fuel
commutating
cylinder
piston
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US438355*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brian Colin Pagdin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GKN Automotive Ltd
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GKN Transmissions Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/12—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel comprising a fuel-displaced free-piston for intermittently metering and supplying fuel to injection nozzles
    • F02M69/125—Means for varying the stroke of the free-piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D3/00—Controlling low-pressure fuel injection, i.e. where the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed by the compression stroke of the engine, by means other than controlling only an injection pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/12—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel comprising a fuel-displaced free-piston for intermittently metering and supplying fuel to injection nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/46—Details, component parts or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus covered by groups F02M69/02 - F02M69/44
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86509—Sequentially progressive opening or closing of plural ports
    • Y10T137/86517—With subsequent closing of first port
    • Y10T137/86533—Rotary

Definitions

  • a fuel metering means comprises a metering cylinder and a free metering piston therein movable between adjustable stops, and a commutating and distributing valve having stationary and rotary components having axially presented contact faces formed with commutating ports in an inner annular zone concentric with the axis and distributing ports in an outer annular zone concentric with the axis, a passageway system connecting the commutating ports between a high pressure pump and metering piston spaces on opposite sides of the metering piston, and the passageway system connecting the distributing ports between the metering cylinder spaces and a plurality of fuel outlets, leakage of fuel from one metering cylinder
  • This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine, such apparatus incorporating'metering means for determining the quantity of fuel delivered in each cycle of operation, which metering means include relatively movable parts having faces in face-to-face slidingcontact with each other to define an interfacial space forming a boundary between fuel containing spaces between which the transference of fuel is required to be prevented or minimised.
  • Such apparatus is hereinafter referred to as being of the kind specified.
  • One form of fuel injection apparatus of the kind specified to which the invention is particularly but not exclusively applicable comprises a fuel pump means for establishing flow of fuel from inlet means to outlet means connected, or adapted for connection, to one or more fuel injectors, metering meansoperative between the fuel pump means and the outlet means and including firstly a metering cylinder containing a free or shuttle metering piston movable between stops, the distance between which is adjustable to determine the quantity of fuel delivered in each stroke of the free piston, and secondly commutating valve means adapted to be driven in timed relation with the crankshaft or other rotary output member of the engine and which is operative to connect cylinder spaces on opposite sides of the metering piston respectively to the pump means and the outlet means and to reverse such
  • the invention has been developed in relation to fuelinjection apparatus of the kind specified intended for use in connection with an engine having one or more cylinders and having ignition means forigniting the air to fuel mixture in the cylinders, by means of spark discharge.
  • the fuel used in such engine is a volatile hydro
  • the commutating valve means would also be constructed'to act as a distributing valve means to effect delivery of fuel from respective outlets in the proper succession.
  • One of the problems encountered in a fuel injection apparatus of the kind specified is that leakage of the fuel may occur in one or more of the interfacial spaces existing in the metering means, especially having regard to the low viscosity of volatile. hydro-carbonfuels,
  • the accuracy of the metering provided by the metering means, and hence the air to fuel ratio may depart from a proper value leading to undesirable effects such as loss of power, excessive fuel consumption, atmospheric pollution, or a combination of these effects.
  • the object of the present invention is to minimise the risk of these undesirable effects occurring.
  • VSUMMARLYOF THEINVENTION Broadly, in a fuel injection apparatus comprising metering means for determiningt'he quantity of fuel delivered in each cycle of operation, which metering injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine,
  • metering means for establishing flow of fuel from an inlet means to an outlet means
  • metering means operatively interposed between saidfuel pump means and said outlet means and including a metering cylinder and a metering piston movable endwise therein between adjustable stop means to determine the quantity of fuel delivered in response to each piston stroke
  • commutating valve means adapted to be driven in timed relation with a crankshaft or other rotary output member of the engine and defining passageways connecting cylinder spaces in said metering cylinder at opposite sides of said metering piston respectively with said pump means and said outlet means with reversal of v such connections for successive injections of fuel by said apparatus respectively
  • sensing means for controlling said adjustable stop means in response to sensed parameters selected to provide aproper air to fuel ratio r for a range of engine loads and external conditions of operation, means-for preventingleakage of fuel from one of said metering cylinder spaces to the other of said spaces comprising a cavity defined between the contacting circumferential faces of said metering cylinder
  • FIG. l is a schematic diagram illustrating the main components of a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine, such system incorporating one embodiment of fuel injection apparatus in accordance with the I invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through said embodiment of.fuel injection apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a view in diametral cross-section of one componentof the body of the apparatus incorporating the metering cylinder;
  • FIG. 4 is a view, in end elevation of the component shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view in cross-section on the line E-E of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view in diametral cross-section of the component shown in FIG. 3 and on an enlarged scale;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view explanatory of the manner of operation of the commutating and distributing valve unit incorporated in the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 A complete system for the supply of fuel and air to an internal combustion engine and incorporating a fuel injection apparatus is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the system comprises a fuel tank 10 connected by a pipe 11 to the inlet of a low pressure pump 13 through the intermediary of a fuel filter 12, and thence by a pipe 14 to the inlet of the fuel injection apparatus which is indicated generally at 15.
  • the fuel injection apparatus 15 is mounted directly on the inlet manifold 16 of an internal combustion engine 17, the latter being illustrated by way of example as having six cylinders in V" formation.
  • the fuel injection apparatus comprises the following main units or sub-assemblies, namely a high pressure pump 18, the inlet of which is connected to the fuel pipe 14, a metering means which includes a commutating and distributing valve unit 19, and metering unit 20.
  • the high pressure pump 18 and the commutating and distributing valve unit 19 are driven at half crankshaft speed by an input shaft 21 through the intermediary of toothed pulleys 22, 23 respectively on the shaft 21 and on a driven shaft 24 of the engine, such pulleys being engaged by an internally toothed belt 25.
  • Fuel at high pressure from the outlet of the pump 18 is fed through commutating ports of a commutating and distributing valve means 19 to the metering unit and then back to the distributing ports of the valve means 19, passing thereafter to injectors 26 through respective pipe 27 connected to outlets fed from the valve means 19 so that the injectors receive fuel in the required sequence. Only three injectors are seen in FIG. 1, these being mounted in openings in the inlet manifold 16 of the engine 17.
  • the fuel injection apparatus further comprises a sensing or control means 29 for controlling operation of the metering unit 20 to determine the ratio of air to fuel supplied to the engine.
  • the fuel injection apparatus 15 has an air flow duct through which air can flow to the inlet manifold 16 under the control of a manually operated valve such as a butterfly valve.
  • a manually operated valve such as a butterfly valve.
  • the term manually is of course to be deemed to include foot operation.
  • the fuel injection apparatus also includes a carburettor start device 30 and a blow-off valve 31 through which excess fuel delivered from the high pressure pump 18 is returned to the tank by way of the pipe 32.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one constructional form of fuel injection apparatus as above described in which the main units or sub-assemblies already referred to are designated by reference numerals corresponding to those already applied to FIG. 1.
  • the body 33 of the fuel injection apparatus comprises an upper part 33a affording an elongated chamber in which is accommodated the high pressure pump 18, the commutating and distributing valve means 19 and the metering unit or assembly 20.
  • the lower part 33! of the body which may be formed integrally with LII the upper part is of generally rectangular box-shape form and affords a chamber 34 which communicates with the passageway 35 in a sleeve-like throttle valve fitting 36 containing a manually controlled butterfly valve plate 37 fixed on a rotatable spindle 38.
  • the chamber 34 is open at three sides, namely the front and rear sides as seen in FIG. 2 and the lower side, and the fitting 36 can be attached to any of these sides, one remaining opening being closed by a plate and the other connected over the inlet aperture of the inlet manifold of the engine.
  • This arrangement permits of some variation in the manner of mounting the apparatus on any given engine so as best to suit the throttle linkage and to make the best use of the space in the engine compartment for the aecomodation of such ancilliary parts as an air filter.
  • the chamber 34 which thus forms part of an air inlet duct extending from the air inlet 39 to the open side of the chamber 34 serves to accommodate the main components of the control means 29 for sensing the parameters of absolute pressure of the inlet air and temperature thereof to control operation of the metering means 20, 19.
  • the parts 33a and 33b of the body may be formed as castings ofa light alloy such as an aluminium alloy.
  • the high pressure pump 18 is of the rotary vane type and comprises a rotor 40 mounted between stator plates 41 spaced apart by a ring 41a having a plurality of radial vanes 42 made of carbon.
  • the rotor is fixed on the drive shaft 21 which is rotatably mounted in a ball bearing 43 at one end and in a bearing 44 on one of the stator plates 41 at its other end.
  • Fuel such as petrol is admitted through the inlet (not shown) to the space 45 and passes through an opening in the adjacent stator plate 41 and after pumping is delivered from an opening (not shown) in the left-hand stator plate 41 so that a supply of fuel under high pressure exists in the space 46.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates diagrammatically the general arrangement and manner of operation of the metering means.
  • the commutating and distributing valve means comprises a rotary assembly which includes a rotary carrier 47 fixed to the driving shaft 21 (FIG. 2) and affording a shallow cylindrical recess 47a (FIG. 2) for receiving a rotary valve plate 48, to which is attached a larger diameter rotary valve plate 49.
  • the plate 48 has a flat face 48a at one side engaging a flat face in the carrier 47 to ensure positive drive from the latter to the plates 48, 49 which are cemented or otherwise secured together face-to-face.
  • the rotary valve plate 49 is maintained by a spring 58 (FIG. 2) in pressure contact with the opposed face of the metering cylinder block 50 in which the metering cylinder 51 extends transversely to the axis of rotation of the rotary valve plates.
  • the cylinder 51 contains a free or shuttle piston 52 which is movable between steps 54 and 55.
  • the metering cylinder block has outlets g1 to g6 for connection to respective pipes 27 leading to the injectors 26 (FIG. 1), these outlets being connected by way of passageways extending axially through the block with portsfl to f6 respectively, these ports being traversed in succession by a port d in the rotary valve plate 49 thereby acting as a distributing means.
  • ports e1, e2 in the block 50 and which are connected by passageways 51a, 51b to the cylinder spaces S1, S2 above and below the piston 52 respectively is to operate in combination with ports c1 to c6 in plate 49 and with ports b1, b3, b5 in plate 48 together with a T-shaped surface passageway formed in the left-hand face but not extending through thethickness of the plate 48, and having branches b2, b4, b6, as a commutating means to produce one stroke of the piston 52 from its upper limit to its lower limit or vice versa for each traversing of a portfl to f6 by the port d, and thereby deliver a measured quantity of fuel (dependent upon the length of the stroke of the piston 52) to the outlet g1 to g6 concerned.
  • the full line arrows 56 illustrate the flow of fuel into the upper cylinder space s1 of cylinder 51 during the down stroke of the piston 52 which is effective to expel fuel as shown by the broken line arrows 57 from the lower cylinder space s2 and deliver it from the outlet g6.
  • fuel from theihigh pressure pump traverses the ports a1, bl, cl, 21 to reach cylinder space s1.
  • Fuel from the cylinder space s2 traverses the ports e2, c4, limb b4, limb b6, port d, f6 and outlet g6.
  • Fuel in cylinder space s1 will be delivered through port e1, c2, limb b2 (then in the topmost position), limb b6, port d,f5 and outlet g5. This position is shown in FIG. 2.
  • another fluid flow path will be established causing movement of the piston 52 in the opposite direction and delivering a measured quantity of fuel from the next outlet g4 and so on.
  • the spring 58 (FIG. 2) reacting between the inner or bottom face of the recess 47a in the carrier plate 47 and the smaller diameter rotary plate 48 urges the plates 48, 49 into contact with the ported face of the metering cylinder block 50.
  • At least the plate 49 is made of a material which provides good sealing properties with respect to the face of the cylinder block 50 and of a material which will have a suitably long service life. In practice both plates 48, 49 may be made of carbon, whereas the block 50 may be made of steel.
  • the ported face of the valve block 50 is formed with cavities in the form of grooves as seen more particularly in FIGS. 3 to 6. These grooves are connected by way of drain passageways to an outlet 64 through which any leakage of fluid can drain back to a reservoir such as the tank 10.
  • a reservoir such as the tank 10.
  • the pipe 32 shown in FIG. 1 may be used for this purpose.
  • FIG. 4 It will be noted from FIG. 4 that two grooves are provided, these being concentric with the axis 21a of the shaft 21.
  • One such groove 59 lies between the two annular zones occupied by ports e1, e2 and portsfl to f6 respectively, while the other groove 60 lies outwardly of the annular zone occupied by the portsfl to f6.
  • Both grooves 59, 60 may be of identical dimensions in cross-section and maybe V shaped as seen more particularly in FIG. 6 illustrating the groove 59.
  • a further interfacial space across which it is important to prevent leakage is that defined by the outer surface of the piston 52 and the inner surface of the cylinder 51.
  • Leakage of fluid in this interspace would allow fuel to be transferred from space s1 to space 52 and vice versa and would thus interfere with the accuracy of the measured quantity delivered in each stroke of the piston.
  • the surface of the piston is formed with at least one, and preferably a series, of longitudinally spaced circumferentially extending grooves as indicated at 52a, 52b, 52c. These are traversed past the entrance 63a to a drain passageway 63 extending to the outlet 64.
  • the space between the upper and lower stops 54 and 55 determines the stroke of the piston 52 and hence the quantity of fuel delivered in each stroke.
  • the lower stop 55 is positionally controlled by the control means 29.
  • the control means comprises an axially expansible and con tractable bellows 71 which is evacuated internally.
  • the bellows comprises a corrugated flexible side wall an'd rigid end plates 73, 74, the former of which is fixed to the bush portion 75 of a cam element 76.
  • the cam element 76 is of generally frustoconical form with its frusto-conical face eccentric to the axis 77 about which the cam element can rotate.
  • the cam element is mounted for this purpose on a hollow spindle 78 which is open internally to the atmosphere of an inlet 79.
  • the other end plate 74 of the bellows is mounted rotatably through a sealed bearing 80 in the interior of an accelerator piston 81 movable axially in cylinder 82.
  • the end plate 74 is axially and rotationally fixed on a sleeve 83, such sleeve 83 forming the output element of an adding mechanism indicated generally at 84 which serves to add the parameters of temperature sensed by a sensing element 85 in respect of the air in the chamber 34 and temperature sensed by an element 86, this 7 latter being the temperature applied to the element 86 from means disposed in an annular chamber 87.
  • Said drain duct having an entrance positioned intermediate the limits of travel of said groove resulting from reciprocation of said metering piston, whereby in each stroke of the latter said groove moves past said entrance,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US438355*A 1973-01-31 1974-01-31 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3929112A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB476373A GB1453055A (en) 1973-01-31 1973-01-31 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines

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US3929112A true US3929112A (en) 1975-12-30

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US438355*A Expired - Lifetime US3929112A (en) 1973-01-31 1974-01-31 Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines

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US (1) US3929112A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5815621B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA987561A (ja)
DE (1) DE2404391A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2216457B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1453055A (ja)
IT (1) IT1004822B (ja)
ZA (1) ZA74415B (ja)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5620025A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-04-15 Associated Universities, Inc. Multi-port valve
US20080264384A1 (en) * 2005-10-20 2008-10-30 Rolf Kusterer Plug-in pump fuel injection system
US20110006237A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with hard-on-hard seal surfaces
US20130206240A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2013-08-15 Waters Technologies Corporation Variable-volume injection valve
US8876081B2 (en) 2009-07-13 2014-11-04 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with a polymer insert device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2855208A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-03 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag Kraftstoff-zumessventil einer kraftstoff-einspritzanlage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742010A (en) * 1953-06-05 1956-04-17 Rabezzana Hector Sewing machine
US3160109A (en) * 1961-05-18 1964-12-08 William L Kline Hydraulic unit
US3187733A (en) * 1963-08-23 1965-06-08 Int Harvester Co Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
US3800673A (en) * 1971-09-09 1974-04-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wear equalizing arrangement for the valve plate of an axial piston machine
US3839998A (en) * 1972-03-03 1974-10-08 Gkn Transmissions Ltd Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1459705A (fr) * 1959-09-02 1966-06-17 Veb Zek Pompe à injection de combustible pour machines à combustion interne à plusieurs cylindres
FR1401831A (fr) * 1963-07-19 1965-06-04 Fiat Spa Améliorations aux pompes d'injection du combustible pour les moteurs à pistons à combustion interne
FR1448272A (fr) * 1965-06-24 1966-08-05 Citroen Sa Andre Distributeur destiné à être associé à une pompe d'injection d'essence

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2742010A (en) * 1953-06-05 1956-04-17 Rabezzana Hector Sewing machine
US3160109A (en) * 1961-05-18 1964-12-08 William L Kline Hydraulic unit
US3187733A (en) * 1963-08-23 1965-06-08 Int Harvester Co Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines
US3800673A (en) * 1971-09-09 1974-04-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Wear equalizing arrangement for the valve plate of an axial piston machine
US3839998A (en) * 1972-03-03 1974-10-08 Gkn Transmissions Ltd Fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5620025A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-04-15 Associated Universities, Inc. Multi-port valve
US20080264384A1 (en) * 2005-10-20 2008-10-30 Rolf Kusterer Plug-in pump fuel injection system
US20110006237A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with hard-on-hard seal surfaces
US8876081B2 (en) 2009-07-13 2014-11-04 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with a polymer insert device
US8905075B2 (en) * 2009-07-13 2014-12-09 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with hard-on-hard seal surfaces
US9388908B2 (en) 2009-07-13 2016-07-12 Idex Health & Science Llc Rotary shear valve assembly with hard-on-hard seal surfaces
US20130206240A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2013-08-15 Waters Technologies Corporation Variable-volume injection valve
US9115815B2 (en) * 2010-08-27 2015-08-25 Waters Technologies Corporation Variable-volume injection valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5815621B2 (ja) 1983-03-26
FR2216457A1 (ja) 1974-08-30
AU6499274A (en) 1975-07-31
CA987561A (en) 1976-04-20
DE2404391A1 (de) 1974-08-01
GB1453055A (en) 1976-10-20
ZA74415B (en) 1975-08-27
JPS49109732A (ja) 1974-10-18
FR2216457B1 (ja) 1977-09-16
IT1004822B (it) 1976-07-20

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