US3929108A - Electronic control systems for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Electronic control systems for internal combustion engines Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3929108A
US3929108A US454679A US45467974A US3929108A US 3929108 A US3929108 A US 3929108A US 454679 A US454679 A US 454679A US 45467974 A US45467974 A US 45467974A US 3929108 A US3929108 A US 3929108A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
transistor
engine
generating
operating parameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US454679A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Louis A Monpetit
Daniel R Fournier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3929108A publication Critical patent/US3929108A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electronic control system for internal combustion engines wherein the duration of injection is proportional to a regulating voltage controlled by at least one operative parameter of the engine. To this end an input voltage defined by a succession of sides of a polygon is subjected to a plurality of transistorized circuits adapted to adjust each the slope of one section of the polygon in accordance with a predetermined parameter.
  • the present invention has for its object improvement in electronic injection-controlling means for internal combustion engines.
  • the most difficult problem to be solved consists in matching the amount of fuel to be injected with the actual requirements of the engine as defined by one or more readily available regulating parameters.
  • the main parameter which is the most generally resorted to is constituted in the case of engines provided with a controlled ignition, by the pressure in the admission manifold since such engines are always provided with a throttle valve at the input end of the admission manifold while the pressure depends on the speed of rotation on the degree of opening of the throttle valve and consequently on the load.
  • the present invention has for its object to cut out these drawbacks and it covers improvements in electronic injection controlling means for internal combus' tion engines, of the type wherein the duration of injection is proportional with a regulating voltage evolved in conformity with at least one operative parameter of the engine.
  • an input voltage varying with one operative parameter is transformed into a polygonal curve by means of a circuit including a many transistors as there are sections in the polygon, each of which transistors is connected through its collector with the point connecting two resistances forming a voltage divider, through its base directly or otherwise with the input voltage and through its emitter with the slider of a potentiometric voltage divider through a variable resistance; the position of the slider of said voltage divider defines the operative threshold of the corresponding transistor and, consequently, of the section of the polygon corresponding to said transistor whereas the variable resistance defines the slope of the corresponding polygon section, the regulating voltage being tapped off directly or otherwise at a point between the connecting point between the two resistances forming a voltage divider and the feed voltage.
  • the invention provides:
  • each transistor defining a polygon section is associated with an auxiliary transistor through which it is possible to act on the slope of the corresponding polygon section in a direction opposed to the action of the main transistor, the collector of said auxiliary transistor being connected with the base of the corresponding main transistor while its emitter is connected with the slider of a potentiometric voltage divider through a variable resistance and its base is connected with the point connecting the two resistances of a voltage divider of which resistances one is grounded and the other is connected directly or otherwise with the input voltage and also with the base of the corresponding main transistor through a resistance;
  • the input voltage is applied to the base of a pup or npn transistor inserted through its emitter-collector circuit between ground and a resistance fed by the feed voltage, said pnp or npn transistor serving as an input impedance-matching means adapted to compensate for modifications in temperature in cooperation with the transistor defining the polygon and connected through their bases with the emitter of the impe dance matching transistor, said polygon-defining transistors being of the opposite type npn or pup, the modifications in temperature of the transistors being such that they compensate each other;
  • the point connecting the resistances forming the voltage divider is connected with the base of a first npn or pup transistor the emitter-collector circuit of which is inserted between the feed voltage and a grounded resistance while a second transistor of the opposite pup or npn type is connected through its base with the emitter of the first mentioned transistor while its emitter-collector circuit is connected with resistances fed by the feed voltage, said connections producing a compensation for the effects of temperature on the regulating voltage tapped off the collector of the second transistor together with a correction multiplying the regulating voltage, a variable resistance being inserted between the feed voltage and the emitter of the second transistor;
  • two or more circuit systems including a number of transistors defining the sections ofa polygon and two further transistors transforming the voltage thus obtained into a regulating voltage, are connected with a common resistance connected between ground and the connection between the output transistors of the first and of the second systems, each of which systems is fed with an input voltage which is a linear function of one or more operative parameters of the engine, the regulating voltage being then a combination of the polygons obtained through the different systems;
  • a first circuit system including three transistors defining a three-section polygon is controlled by the pressure in the admission pipe while a second circuit system including three transistors defining another polygon is provided, two transistors forming part of the second system being controlled by the operative temperature of the engine, while the cooperating third transistor is controlled by the rotary speed of the engme;
  • the regulating voltage is applied to an injection-controlling delay circuit including a program-controllable single-junction transistor.
  • a condenser inserted in parallel with the grounded circuit leading to the anode of said single junction transistor, a transistor the collector-emitter circuit of which is also connected in parallel with said grounded circuit while its base receives the pulse starting the injection, a further transistor being connected through its base with the cathode of the single-junction transistor and having its col lector-emitter circuit inserted between ground and a resistance fed by the feed voltage, the rectangular injection-controlling signal being tapped off the collector of said transistor, the load on said condenser being applied during the locked period of the single-junction transistor under constant current conditions by means of a generator of current compensated with reference to temperature modifications and including a first pnp or n-p-n transistor the emitter collector of which is inserted between a resistance fed by the feed voltage and the anode of the single junction transistor, and a second transistor of the opposite n p n or
  • the condenser is the injection controlling delay circuit is loaded by the current generator and also during a short period at the beginning of said loading through the collector-emitter circuit of a transistor and a resistance, the base of said transistor being set at a predetermined voltage by a voltage divider in a manner such that said transistor is conductive when the voltage across the terminals of the condenser is lower than the voltage applied to said base and said transistor is locked when the voltage across the terminals of the condenser reaches and rises above that of the base, taking into account the threshold voltage between the base and the emitter;
  • the condenser in the injection-controlling delay circuit is loaded by the current generator and also during a short period at the beginning of the loading operation through a diode the anode of which is set at a predetermined voltage by a voltage divider so that said diode is conductive as long as the voltage across the terminals of the condenser is lower than the voltage applied to the anode of said diode and is locked when the voltage across said terminals is higher;
  • a multiplying correction of the duration of injection, depending on the input voltage is obtained by means of a transistor the collector-emitter circuit of which is inserted between the emitter of the feed transistor operating under constant current conditions in the injection-controlling delay circuit and a variable resistance leading to the slider of a potentiometric voltage divider, the base of said transistor being fed by the input voltage while the variable resistance provides means for adjusting the slope of the multiplying correction and the potentiometric voltage divider provides means for adjusting its operative threshold.
  • FIG. 3 a diagram showing the curve of the voltages obtained vs pressure
  • FIG. 4 a chart of the different signals produced at different points of the diagram according to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 a diagram showing the curve of the voltages obtained vs pressure in the case of the modification of FIG. 5 is used.
  • the engine is provided with an input manifold 87 and with electromagnetic injectors 20 fitted in said manifold in the case illustrated. It should be remarked that the injectors may be fitted of course as well in the cylinder head in the case of a direct injection.
  • the electromagnetic injectors 20 are fed with fuel by the pipe system 93 inside which it is subjected to pressure by the pump 92 sucking the fuel out of the container 91 and delivering it through the filter 89.
  • a hydraulic pressure accumulator 88 is provided as also a pressure regulator 90.
  • the injection controlling signals are released by a member I controlled by the rotation of the engine and producing short pulses applied to the injection-controlling delay system Tc which produces in its turn a rectangular signal to be sent to an amplifier A and thence to a distributor D feeding the injector-controlling signals to the injectors 20 in the sequence required for injection.
  • the duration of injection depends on three parameters, to wit the pressure in the admission manifold as measured by the pressure gauge 21, the temperature of the engine cooling water measured by the temperature-measuring means 22 and the rotary speed which is proportional to the frequency of the signals produced by the member controlled by the rotary speed of the engine.
  • these parameters are mentioned only by way of example, since other parameters may be relied on in the arrangement disclosed, such as atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, the position of the gasthrottling valve and the like.
  • the pressure measurement obtained by the gauge 21 is applied to an element Vd which produces a voltage which is a linear function of the pressure.
  • the measurement of the temperature of the water obtained at 22 is applied to an element V, which produces a voltage which is a function of the temperature and lastly the signals produced by the member I are applied to an element V which transforms them into a voltage increasing as a linear function of the rotary speed.
  • the voltage which is a linear function of the pressure is applied to a circuit section P which transforms said voltage into a voltage the curve defining which is formed by three sides of a polygon, the voltage being thus a continuous function of pressure.
  • the voltage which is a function of the temperature of the cooling water and which is produced by the element V is applied to a circuit section P which produces a voltage depending on the input voltage fed into it and which is constituted in the present case by a curve comprising two polygon sides of different slopes. Over said voltage, there is superposed a voltage produced by the element E under the action of the voltage produced by the element V controlled by the rotary speed.
  • Said element E is designed in a manner such that the modification provided by the rotary speed is effective only starting from a predetermined threshold and changes no more beyond a further threshold of rotary speed.
  • the polygon curves produced by the circuit sections P and P are superposed so as to form an output voltage which is fed to the ignition-controlling delay circuit TC whereby the duration of injection is defined.
  • Said duration of injection may be modified by a multiplying effect as provided by an element EC which applies a signal on said controlling delay circuit TC, said element RC being controlled by the voltage produced by the element V
  • the action of temperature and speed producing the combined signal passing out of the circuit sections P, and P forms additive corrections to be incorporated with the main regulating voltage produced by the circuit section P
  • the correction introduced by the element EC has a multiplying effect and provides an enrichment for fuel when the engine is under full load.
  • FIG. 2 is a complete electronic wiring diagram of the injection-controlling means.
  • the element V which produces a voltage proportional to the pressure prevailing in the input manifold comprises resistances R R forming a voltage divider and transistors T T,. These transistors are connected so as to form current generators as provided by connecting the base of the transistor T with a point connecting the resistances R, R, while its collector is fed by the feed voltage and its emitter is grounded through the resistance R and is connected with the base of the transistor T, the emitter collector circuit of which is inserted between the feed voltage and the grounded series of resistances R R and R the resistance R being variable and connected with the pressure gauge 21.
  • the transistor T is of the pnp type and plays the part of an input impedance-matching member ensuring compensation for modifications in temperature for the transistors T T T which are of the npn type.
  • the correction for temperature operates thus in the same manner as in the case of the V,, circuit.
  • the emitter-collector circuit of the transistor T is inserted between the resistance R connected with the supply of voltage and ground.
  • the emitter of the transistor T is furthermore connected with the base of the transistors T T and T
  • the emitters of said transistors are set at a predetermined voltage by connecting said transistors with voltage dividers constituted for T by the resistance R, and the potentiometric voltage divider R for T by the resistance R and the potentiometric voltage divider R and for T by the resistance R and the potentiometric voltage divider R
  • the sliders on said potentiometric voltage dividers R R R are therefore connected with emitters of the corresponding transistors T T T through the variable resistances R,,, R R respectively.
  • the collectors of said transistors T T T are all connected with the point connecting the resistance R with the variable resistance R forming with R a voltage divider, so that said connecting point is subjected to a voltage the value of which varies with the voltage V, applied on the base of the transistor T
  • the transistors T T T be come conductive for a predetermined threshold and the slope of the voltage obtained then on the collectors is defined by the resistances R,, R R Therefore the voltage at the point connecting the resistances R and R appears as constituted by three sections each of which depends on the state of conductivity of a transistor.
  • the first section of the polygon corresponds to the case of only one conductive transistor, and the second section corresponds to the case of two conductive transistors the collector currents on which are added.
  • the voltage at the point connecting the resistances R R does not increase and in fact decreases with the voltage V, Consequently, it is necessary to provide matching means adapted to provide a voltage which increases with the input voltage V
  • the output transistors T T which form again here a current generator as provided by applying to the base of the transistor T the voltage appearing at the point connecting the resistances R and R while the collector-emitter circuit of said transistor T, is inserted between the supply of voltage and the grounded resistance R the emitter of the transistor R, being furthermore connected with the base of the transistor T the emitter-cpllector circuit of which connects the variable resistance R connected with the supply of voltage with the grounded resistance R Under such conditions, there is obtained on the collector of the transistor T, a voltage V, which assumes the shape of a polygon as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the transistors T-,, T are compensated as to temperature since they are selected of opposite types pnp and npn.
  • the polygon obtained with the arrangement P can be adjusted in different manners.
  • the release of the transistors T T,, T is defined by the position of the slider on the corresponding voltage dividers R R R
  • the slope of each polygon section is defined by the corresponding variable resistance R R It A further possibility of adjustment is afforded by a parallel vertical shifting of the polygon as provided by the variable resistance R while a multiplying effect is obtainable by the variable resistance R which allows the slopes of the different sections of the polygon to be modified in an uniform manner.
  • the value of the temperature of the engine cooling water is introduced by means of the element V, which produces a voltage depending on said temperature.
  • the element V which produces a voltage depending on said temperature.
  • a voltage which is a function of temperature is obtained at the point connecting the resistance R, and the diode D, a voltage which is a function of temperature.
  • This latter voltage is applied to the circuit section P, the connections of which are somewhat similar to those of 7 P,, but provide only two polygon sections.
  • Said polygon sections are produced by the transistors T and T the connections of which are similar to those of the three transistors T T T are provided by the potentiometric voltage divider constituted by the resistance R and the variable resistance R for the transistor T and by the potentiometric voltage divider constituted by the resistance R and the variable resistance R for the transistor II.
  • the sliders in the variable resistances R and R are connected with the emitters of the corresponding transistors T and T through the variable resistances R and R respectively.
  • the collectors of the transistors T and T are connected with the point connecting the collector of the transistor 13 with the resistance R which point is also connected with the base of the transistor T forming part of an output circuit adapted to produce an output voltage in a manner similar to what has been disclosed for the circuit section P
  • the collector-emitter circuit of the transistor T is inserted between the supply of voltage and the grounded resistance R the emitter of said transistor T being furthermore connected with the base of the transistor T, the emitter-collector circuit of which is also inserted between the resistance R connected with the supply of voltage and the grounded resistance R which is common for both output stages P, and P
  • the compound voltage obtained is furthermore subjected to a correction as required by the rotary speed of the engine and to this end, the entire polygon illustrated in FIG. 3 is shifted bodily, the polygons Va and Va, appearing in said FIG. 3 corresponding to the voltage depending on the speed of rotation.
  • the element Vv is provided which produces a voltage applied to the base of the transistor T forming part of the element Ev, the value of lastmentioned voltage being a linear function of the rotary speed.
  • Said element Vv includes chiefly the variable resistance R a resistance R a further resistance R a programm-controllable single junction transistor T a resistance R and a resistance R said parts being inserted in series between the supply of voltage and ground.
  • the point connecting the resistance R with the anode of the singlejunction transistor T is connected with one terminal of a grounded condenser C, the point between the resistances R and R is connected with the base of a transistor T Furthermore, the control electrode of the single'junction transistor T is set at a predetermined voltage by the voltage divider constituted by the resistances R and R inserted in series between the supply of voltage and ground. There is also provided a connection between the point connecting the resistances R R and the collecor of the transistor T the emitter of which is grounded. The base of said transistor T is connected on the one hand with the grounded resistance R and on the other hand with the pulse generator I through the resistance R,,.
  • the above mentioned transistor T is grounded through its emitter while its collector is fed by the supply of voltage through the resistance R Furthermore, the collector of T is connected with the base of the transistor T through the resistance R. and with one terminal of the condenser C, the other terminal of which is grounded.
  • the operation of the element Vv is as follows:
  • the resistance R and the collector-emitter circuit of the transistor T The latter is therefore conductive during the period of conductivity of the programme-controllable single-junction T which period of conductivity depends on the capacity of the condenser C, and on the value of the resistances R R and R and also on the voltage applied on the electrode controlling the singlejunction transistor T
  • the transistor T is therefore alternatingly conductive and locked and the condenser C l is alternatingly loaded in accordance with the condition of the transistor T Therefore, a voltage series across the terminals of the condenser C which voltage depends on the ratio between the durations of the locked condition and of the conductive condition of the transistor T which in its turn depends on the rotary speed of the engine.
  • This voltage is applied on the base of the transistor T the collector of which is connected with the base of the transistor T and the emitter of which is connected with the slider of the potentiometric voltage divider R, through the resistance R Said voltage divider R is inserted in series with the resistance R between the voltage supply and ground.
  • the resistances R R are inserted between the base of the transistor T and the voltage supply while the resistance R, connects this same base with ground.
  • circuit section Ev which allows the output voltage V, to vary with the rotary speed, after the manner of an additive correction.
  • the diodes D D,, D provide compensation for temperature modifications in a manner well-known per se and act in the stead of the auxiliary transistor arrangement referred to elsewhere.
  • the voltage Vs is applied to theinjection-controlling delay system TC through the diode D, and the resistance R
  • the point connecting said diode D, with the resistance R is furthermore connected with the grounded resistances R
  • the delay system TC includes primarily in series between the voltage supply and ground, the resistance R the emitter collector circuit of the transistor T the programme controllable single-junction transistor T the resistance R and the resistance R
  • the condenser C is inserted between ground and the point connecting the anode of the singleJunction transistor T with the collector of the transistor T
  • the base of said transistor T is fed with the injection releasing pulses produced by the member l
  • the injection-controlling signal VTC is tapped off the collector of the transistor T which collector is connected with the voltage supply through the resistance T The base of said transistor T is connected with the point connecting the resistances R and R and its emitter is grounded.
  • the injection-controlling signal VTC feeds the amplifier A beyond which the rectangular signals are transmitted to the injectors 20 in a sequence corresponding to the desired sequence of injection.
  • the transistor T Assuming the single-junction transistor T is conductive, the transistor T, is also conductive, and consequently, the collector of said transistor T is substantially at the same voltage as its emitter, that is at ground voltage. Consequently, as long as the transistor T is conductive, the injection cannot be performed since the voltage TVC is then zero.
  • the voltage V across the condenser C is during this period very low and corresponds with the trough current through the single junction transmitter T
  • a pulse is applied by the pulse generator I to the base of the transistor T through the diode D and the resistance R the transistor T becomes conductive so that the condenser C, is entirely discharged through the resistance R and the collector-emitter circuit of said transistor T
  • the single junction transistor T is then locked as a consequence of the lack of current, and therefore the transistor T is also locked; the injection controlling signal appears thus on the collector of said transistor T
  • the injection controlling signal appearing on said collector is then applied to the amplifier A.
  • the single-junction transistor T When thevoltage V, has reached a predetermined value with reference to the voltage V, the single-junction transistor T is released by an avalanche effect and discharges the condenser C, down to a low value corresponding to the trough current passing through said single-junction transistor T With the restoration of the conductive condition of the single-junction transistor, T the transistor T becomes again conductive and the voltage V drops back to a zero value, which corresponds to the end of the injection.
  • the injection period registers with the period of non-conductivity of the single junction transistor T which period is defined by a signal of the beginning of injection applied to the base of the transistor T and by the release of said single junction transistor T obtained by an avalanche effect as soon as the load on the condenser C;, has reached a predetermined value while the adjustment of said period is provided by an adjustment of the voltage applied to the electrode controlling said single junction transistor T It should be remarked that the arrangement described still shows a drawback by reason of the operative threshold of the single junction transistor T being equal to about 1.5 volts.
  • a high speed loading means CR are provided for the condenser C whereby it is possible to begin with the loading under constant current conditions, at threshold voltage.
  • the base of a transistor T is set at a predetermined voltage by a voltage divider including the resistances R and R and inserted between the feed voltage and ground.
  • the emitter of said transistor R is connected with the anode of the single-junction transistor T while its collector is connected with the voltage supply through the resistance R
  • the condenser C is reloaded very speedily after each discharge following a pulse applied on the base of the transistor T the loading being performed through the resistance R and the collector-emitter circuit of the transistor T
  • the load voltage T of the condenser C has been reached and thereby the voltage on the emitter of the transistor T has reached a predetermined value with reference to the voltage applied on the base of said transistor, T the latter is locked and the condenser C continues being loaded under constant current conditions through the transistor T
  • the loading curve is then illustrated by the curve b in FIG. 4.
  • the transistor T may be replaced by a diode the anode of which is connected with the point connecting the resistances R and R and the cathode of which is connected with the anode of the single-junction transistor T
  • the diode remains conductive as long as the voltage applied to its anode lies above the voltage V,..
  • the diode is no longer conductive and the loading continues as precedingly through the transistor T
  • the circuit section EC described hereinafter is intended to increase the richness of injection, that is, it ensures an increase in the duration of injection with a multiplying effect depending on the action arising in the input manifold.
  • the base of the transistor T is fed with a voltage V, which is proportional to the pressure in the admission manifold, the collector of said transistor T being connected with the emitter of the transistor T and its emitter being connected with the slider of a potentiometric divider R through the variable resistance R
  • the voltage divider R is inserted in series with the resistance R,, between the supply of voltage and ground, so as to shunt a fraction of the current passing through the resistance R and to reduce proportionally the current loading the condenser C whereby the duration of loading and that of the injection is increased.
  • the potentiometer R provides means for adjusting the starting of the operation of the transistor T in a manner such that this fraction of 1 1 current is shunted only beyond a predetermined threshold, the value of the shunted current which is defined by the voltage Ve being adjusted by the variable resistance R,,.
  • the circuit section Vd produces a voltage Ve which .is a linear function of the pressure in the input manifold of the engine, which voltage is transformed by the circuit section P and P,, into a polygonshaped voltage Vs the shape of which depends furthermore on the temperature of the engine-cooling water.
  • the bodily shifting of the polygon is controlled by the rotary speed of the engine through the circuit sections V, and EV, which leads to the obtention of polygon Va,, Va, Va,, according to the rotary speed as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Thespolygon-shaped voltage V is applied to the injection-controlling circuit section TC and defines the duration of injection as disclosed hereinabove.
  • varioius circuit sections P,, P may be designed so as to take into account various operative parameters of the engine and to form voltage polygons the number of sections of which depends on the number of transistors in the circuit section P,.
  • the voltage V may be applied on the bases of the transistors T,, T,, T, either directly or else through an auxiliary transistor as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the feed voltage is a stabilized voltage.
  • the shape of the curves showing the input voltage Ve and of the output voltage V may be different from that illustrated in FIG. 3, in which case the input voltage V, is a linear function of the pressure P while the output voltage V, shows a polygonal outline the straight sides of which extend with slopes increasing with the pressure P.
  • the input voltage V may be a non-linear function of the pressure P, so that the output voltage V, has a polygonal outline the sections of which are curvilinear.
  • the slopes of the polygon sections may obviously decrease with increasing pressures, without this widening the scope of the invention as defined by the accompaning claims.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an embodiment providing such a non-linear curve for the input voltage V,.
  • Said input voltage V which forms a non-linear function of the pressure P in the input manifold is applied to a transforming circuit P', as provided by feeding with said voltage the base of the transistor T,, the emitter of which is connected with the voltage supply through the resistance R, and the collector of which grounded.
  • the emitter of said transistor is furthermore connected with the bases of the transistors T,, T, through the corre sponding resistances R and R the emitters of said transistors T, and T, being set at a predetermined voltage by means of a voltage divider constituted by the resistance R, and the potentiometer R for the transistor R, and the resistance R and the potentiometer R,, for the transistor T
  • the sliders of said potentiometers R -R are connected respectively with said emitters of the transistors T,, T, through the corresponding vari able resistances R,-R,,.
  • transistors T,-T' the emitters of which are also set at a predetermined voltage by means of a voltage divider including the resistance R',, the potentiometer R and the variable resistance R, for the transistor R, and the resistance R',,, the potentiometer R',, and the variable resistance R for the transistor T',.
  • the collectors of said transistors T,-T' are connected with the bases of the corresponding main transistors T,, T, while their bases are connected with the points connecting the resistances R -R- and R -R respectively, said resistances R -R being inserted in series between the emitter of the transistor T, and ground.
  • the collectors of the transistors T,-T are connected as in the case of FIG. 2 with the point connecting the resistance R with the variable resistance R,, which point is connected furthermore with the base of the transistor T the collector of which is fed by the supply of voltage while its emitter is grounded through the resistance R and is connected with the base of the transistor T,.
  • the emitter of the latter is connected with the feed supply through the variable resistance R and its collector is grounded through the resistance R,,.
  • the output voltage V appears then on the collector of the transistor T, and assumes for instance the shape illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the transistors T',, T,, T, and T produces a current depending on the voltage applied on their bases and on the position selected for the potentiometer sliders R' R R',,, R and on the adjustment of the variable resistances R',, R,, R' R
  • a suitable adjustment of these different parts ensures the locking of the transistors T, T,, T, while the transistor T, remains conductive up to a predetermined value of the input voltage V, so that the output voltage V, is given out then by the section a of the polygon.
  • the transistor T becomes conductive so that the base of the transistor T, is subjected to a constant voltage and consequently the output voltage is also constant.
  • R',,; R R',,, R] and on the variable resistances R,, R,, R' R the starting of the opera tion of the transistors and the slopes of the curves may be varied as desired with a view to obtaining any type of curves, for instance a polygonal outline the sections a, b, a'b' of which assume slopes which decrease from one section to the next without however reaching horizontality, the example illustrated corresponding thus to a borderline case.
  • an electronic control system for controlling the duration of injections in a fuel injection internal combustion engine having electrically actuated means for cyclically injecting fuel during discrete time periods in response to successive fuel injection signals of predetermined duration and means for sensing one operating parameter of an engine
  • said electronic control system being of the type that includes means for generating a regulating 13 voltage that is a function of such an engine operating parameter and timing means responsive to the regulating voltage and to the operating cycle of such an engine for generating successive fuel injection signals in successive engine cycles, each signal having a duration depending on the amplitude of the regulating voltage
  • the means for generating the regulating voltage comprises:
  • means adapted for connection to a means for sensing one operating parameter of such an engine, for generating a noncyclical input voltage having a magnitude that is at all times a function of the one engine operating parameter and means responsive to the magnitude of the input voltage for generating an output voltage having a magnitude that at all times is a predetermined nonlinear function of the input voltage, the curve of the output voltage as a function of the input voltage consisting of a predetermined plurality of curve segments having different average slopes.
  • an electronic system for controlling the duration of injections in a fuel injection internal combustion engine having electrically actuated means for cyclically injecting fuel during discrete time periods in response to successive fuel injection signals of predetermined duration and means for sensing one operating parameter of an engine
  • said electronic control system being of the type that includes means for generating a regulating voltage that is a function of such an engine operating parameter and timing means responsive to the regulating voltage and to the operating cycle of such an engine for generating successive fuel injection signals in successive engine cycles, each signal having a duration depending on the amplitude of the regulating voltage
  • the means for generating the regulating voltage comprises:
  • each transistor circuit being biased to a different predetermined conduction threshold voltage, for generating an output voltage having a magnitude that at all times is a predetermined nonlinear function of the input voltage, the curve of the output voltage as a function of the input voltage consisting of a plurality of curve segments having different average slopes, the number of segments being equal to the number of transistor amplifiers.
  • the injection control system of claim 2 further comprising:
  • auxiliary transistor connected in the input circuit of one of the transistor circuits, the auxiliary transistor being biased to a predetermined conduction threshold voltage for opposing the effect of the input voltage upon the output of the associated transistor circuit when the input voltage is above the predetermined threshold voltage of the auxiliary transistor.
  • the injection control system of claim 3 comprising a separate auxiliary transistor associated with each of the plurality of transistor circuits.
  • an electronic system for controlling the duration of injections in a fuel injection internal combustion 14 engine having electrically actuated means for cyclically injecting fuel during discrete time periods in response to successive fuel injection signals of predetermined duration and means for sensing one operating parameter of an engine
  • said electronic control system being of the type that includes means for generating a regulating voltage that is a function of such an engine operating parameter and timing means responsive to the regulating voltage and to the operating cycle of such an engine for generating successive fuel injection signals in successive engine cycles, each signal having a duration depending on the amplitude of the regulating voltage
  • the means for generating the regulating voltage comprises:
  • each biasing circuit comprises:
  • a potentiometer connected as a voltage divider across the terminals of the voltage source and a variable resistance having one terminal connected to the movable contact of the potentiometer and the other terminal connected to the emitter of its associated main transistor, where-by adjustment of the movable contact of the potentiometer establishes the predetermined conduction threshold of the associated transistor, and adjustment of the variable resistance establishes the predetermined average slope of the output curve segment corresponding to the associated transistor.
  • auxiliary transistor having its collector connected to the base of one of the main transistors and its emitter connected through a biasing circuit to the other terminal of the voltage source, the biasing circuit being set for a predetermined conduction threshold voltage on the base of the auxiliary transistor, and the input voltage being applied through a first resistance to the base of the auxiliary transistor and through a second resistance to the junction between the base of the main transistor and the collector of the auxiliary transistor, whereby the auxiliary transistor opposes the effect of the input voltage on the collector current of the main transistor when the base voltage of the auxiliary transistor is above the predetermined conduction threshold voltage.
  • an emitter-follower circuit having a transistor of op posite polarity type interposed between the input voltage and the bases of the main transistors for serving as an impedance-matching unit and for compensating the effect of temperature variations on the operation of the main transistors.
  • variable resistance connected between the junction of the common load resistance and the collectors of the main transistors and the other terminal of the voltage source, whereby adjustment of the variable resistance produces vertical shifting of the output voltage curve.
  • an emitter-follower including a transistor of one polarity type having its base connected to the junction between the collectors of the main transistors and the common load resistance and an output amplifier stage, including a transistor of polarity type opposite to that of the emitter-follower transistor having its base connected to the emitter of the emitterfollower and its emitter and collector connected through first and second resistors, respectively, across the voltage source, the regulating voltage appearing as an inversion of the output voltage curve on the collector of the output transistor, whereby the opposite polarity types of the emitter-follower and output amplifier transistors provide temperature compensation for the regulating voltage.
  • an electronic system for controlling the duration of injections in a fuel injection internal combustion engine having electrically actuated means for cyclically injecting fuel during discrete time periods in response to successive fuel injection signals of predetermined duration and at least one means for sensing a corresponding number of operating parameters, of an engine
  • said electronic control system being of the type that includes means for generating a regulating voltage that is a function of at least one such engine operating parameter and means responsive to the regulating voltage and to the operating cycle of such an engine for generating successive fuel injection signals in successive engine cycles, each signal having a duration depending on the amplitude of the regulating voltage
  • the means for generating the regulating voltage comprises:
  • the injection control system of claim !2 further comprising:
  • an electronic system for controlling the duration of injections in a fuel injection internal combustion engine of the type that includes a pulse generator synchronized with engine rotation for generating short triggering pulses corresponding to each injection period, means for generating a regulating voltage having an amplitude that is a function of at least one engine operating parameter, and means for generating successive fuel injection signals, each signal having a duration depending on the amplitude of the regulating voltage, the improvement wherein the means for generating fuel injection signals comprises:
  • a programmable unijunction transistor having its cathode connected through a load resistor to the negative terminal of the voltage source and its control electrode connected to the output of the regulating voltage generator;
  • a constant current generator connected between the anode of the programmable unijunction transistor and the positive terminal of the voltage source; capacitor connected between the junction of the constant current generator and anode of the programmable unijunction transistor and the negative terminal of the voltage source; first transistor having its base connected to a point between the cathode of the programmable unijunction transistor and the load resistor and its collector-emitter circuit connected in series with a second resistor across the voltage source; and a second transistor having its collector-emitter circuit connected to the junction between the capacitor and the anode of the programmable unijunction transistor and the negative terminal of the voltage source and its base connected to the output of the comprising:
  • a second current generator connected between the positive terminal of the voltage supply and the capacitor for charging the capacitor at an increased rate as long as the voltage across the capacitor is less than a predetermined value.
  • a voltage dividing network connected across the volt age source and a third transitor having its collector-emitter circuit connected between the positive terminal of the voltage source and the capacitor and its base connected to a point on the voltage divider having a predetermined voltage such that the third transistor will conduct only when the capacitor voltage is less than the difference between the predetermined voltage and the base-emitter threshold voltage of the third transistor.
  • a voltage dividing network connected across the voltage source and a diode having its cathode connected to the capacitor and its anode connected to a point on the voltage divider having a predetemined voltage, whereby the diode will conduct only when the capacitor voltage is less than the predetermined voltage.
  • a fourth transistor having its base connected to the input voltage generator and its collector-emitter circuit connected in series with a biasing circuit between the output of the constant current generator and the negative terminal of the voltage source for shunting a portion of the capacitor charging current from the constant current generator whenever the input voltage is greater than the conduction threshold of the fourth transistor as determined by the biasing circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US454679A 1970-08-24 1974-03-25 Electronic control systems for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3929108A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7030910A FR2102820A5 (de) 1970-08-24 1970-08-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3929108A true US3929108A (en) 1975-12-30

Family

ID=9060512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US454679A Expired - Lifetime US3929108A (en) 1970-08-24 1974-03-25 Electronic control systems for internal combustion engines

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3929108A (de)
JP (1) JPS55576B1 (de)
AU (1) AU476822B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2142184A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2102820A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1356423A (de)
SE (1) SE365578B (de)
ZA (1) ZA715175B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015563A (en) * 1974-09-23 1977-04-05 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Stabilized fuel injection system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA994452A (en) * 1972-06-21 1976-08-03 Bruce A. Scofield Computer means for sequential fuel injection
CA994451A (en) * 1972-06-21 1976-08-03 International Harvester Company Timer means for sequential fuel injection
US4283762A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-08-11 Ford Motor Company Analog computer circuit for controlling a fuel injection system during engine cranking

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272187A (en) * 1963-09-09 1966-09-13 Ass Eng Ltd Fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines
US3483851A (en) * 1966-11-25 1969-12-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection control system
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3566846A (en) * 1968-02-23 1971-03-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronically controlled fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines
US3620196A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Arrangement for applying fuel injection corrections as a function of speed, in internal combustion engines
US3623461A (en) * 1969-11-03 1971-11-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Controlled fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines
US3646916A (en) * 1969-04-24 1972-03-07 Diesel Kild Kk Electromagnetic fuel injection control system for internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272187A (en) * 1963-09-09 1966-09-13 Ass Eng Ltd Fuel injection systems for internal combustion engines
US3483851A (en) * 1966-11-25 1969-12-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection control system
US3566846A (en) * 1968-02-23 1971-03-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electronically controlled fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines
US3548792A (en) * 1969-02-11 1970-12-22 Judson G Palmer Control apparatus for internal-combustion engines
US3646916A (en) * 1969-04-24 1972-03-07 Diesel Kild Kk Electromagnetic fuel injection control system for internal combustion engines
US3620196A (en) * 1969-09-04 1971-11-16 Bosch Gmbh Robert Arrangement for applying fuel injection corrections as a function of speed, in internal combustion engines
US3623461A (en) * 1969-11-03 1971-11-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Controlled fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015563A (en) * 1974-09-23 1977-04-05 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Stabilized fuel injection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU476822B2 (en) 1976-10-07
FR2102820A5 (de) 1972-04-07
DE2142184A1 (de) 1972-03-02
GB1356423A (en) 1974-06-12
ZA715175B (en) 1972-04-26
SE365578B (de) 1974-03-25
AU3135571A (en) 1973-01-25
JPS55576B1 (de) 1980-01-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3483851A (en) Fuel injection control system
CA1067179A (en) Increasing warm up enrichment as a function of manifold absolute pressure
SU1005668A3 (ru) Способ регулировани подачи топлива в двигатель внутреннего сгорани
US3669081A (en) Electronically controlled injecting arrangements feeding fuel under constant pressure into internal combustion engines
GB1185387A (en) Improvements in Governors for Diesel Engines.
GB1338096A (en) Governors for diesel engines
US4173030A (en) Fuel injector driver circuit
ES340686A1 (es) Perfeccionamientos en la construccion de motores-diesel.
US2910054A (en) Electronic fuel injection control system
US3982519A (en) Electronic-fuel-injection-system enrichment circuit for use during engine cranking
US4240383A (en) Fuel metering device for an internal combustion engine
CA1092680A (en) Circuit for frequency modulated fuel injection system
US2936744A (en) Fuel injection system
CA1093184A (en) Frequency modulated single point fuel injection circuit with duty cycle modulation
US3720191A (en) Acceleration enrichment circuitry for electronic fuel system
US3929108A (en) Electronic control systems for internal combustion engines
US3653365A (en) Electronic control system for the injectors of internal engines
GB1588434A (en) Apparatus for regulating the fuel/air mixture fed to internal combustion engines
US3971348A (en) Computer means for sequential fuel injection
US3636931A (en) Fuel injection controlling system for internal combustion engine
GB1568679A (en) Methods and systems for regulating fuelair mixtures fed toan internal combuston engine
US3731664A (en) Control voltage generator for electrical fuel control system
GB1292309A (en) Electronic distributor of electric signals controlling the operation of internal combustion engines
US3672345A (en) Electronic injection-controlling system for internal combustion engines
US4284050A (en) Apparatus for controlling the mixture composition in an internal combustion engine