US3928949A - Hollow body grinding materials - Google Patents

Hollow body grinding materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928949A
US3928949A US465802A US46580274A US3928949A US 3928949 A US3928949 A US 3928949A US 465802 A US465802 A US 465802A US 46580274 A US46580274 A US 46580274A US 3928949 A US3928949 A US 3928949A
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grinding
hollow bodies
hollow
walls
abrasive grains
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Expired - Lifetime
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US465802A
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Eckhard Wagner
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Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Industrie Christiansen and Co
Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
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Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE19732348338 external-priority patent/DE2348338C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19732350139 external-priority patent/DE2350139C3/de
Application filed by Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of US3928949A publication Critical patent/US3928949A/en
Priority to US05/832,516 priority Critical patent/USRE29808E/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles

Definitions

  • HOLLOW BODY GRINDING MATERIALS This invention relates to grinding materials in which a multiplicity of abrasive grains are held in a bonding material to form a unit.
  • Such a grinding material may be formed as a tool having an abrasive surface (that is a surface of the grinding tool for actingon a workpiece).
  • the abrasive surface has pores to receive ground-off waste material and containing if required a coolant or grinding adjuvant.
  • the porosity within the body of a grinding tool can be increased byadding pore-forming substances. For example particles can be incorporated which volatilise during the processing of the tool US. Pat. No. l,956,905, third paragraph). Since firm mutual bonding of the abrasive grains must be maintained, such pore-forming substances may however only be added in small quantities. The pore volume attainable is therefore restricted and it must be anticipated that there will be found considerable, statistically differing distances between each abrasive grain and the nearest pore for accommodatingwaste.
  • a grinding material comprising a multiplicity of hollow bodies whose walls are formed of abrasive grains and a bonding means and are arranged to be stable in resistance to grinding forces.
  • abrasive grains forming the grinding material are disposed in the hollow body walls.
  • a grinding material having a large pore volume without the mechanical strength of a grinding tool made from the material being endangered by a diminution of the grain coherency.
  • the pore volume is not restricted by the size of the abrasive grains, since even grinding materials with fine grains can be provided with pores'of-large individual volume.
  • the size of the individual pores and their distance from the individual abrasive grains can be made so as to vary statistically only within narrow limits, and the individual pores can lie in a predetermined size range, their distances from the individual grains being equal within narrow limits. in this way, a grinding material can be obtained whose abrasiveproperties, insofar as they are determined by the grain size and the pore volume, are predetermined over wide ranges, as is the case with known grinding materials.
  • the grinding material can be utilised in different forms.
  • it may be used in the form of ballast of the hollow bodies in polishing drums or rumbles.
  • a given quantity of ballast which in general isdetermined by the size and shape of the polishing drum, and also by the size and nature of the articles to be polished, can be provided by a comparatively small quantity of the abrasive grains.
  • the hollow bodies are gas-filled, they may also have a very low specific gravity and theballast may be correspondingly looser, which is favourable for a uniform abrasive action. it will be noticed that the uniform grinding action is still retained when the hollow bodies break up after a certain time, and act not by their outer surfaces but by the broken surfaces of their constituent pieces.
  • each hollow body begins its grinding action with only its outer surface.
  • the abrasively-acting surface of the grinding tool develops, the hollow bodies breaks open so that their cavities open in the manner of craters.
  • the effective abrasive surface of each hollow body is then formed by the crater rim which is directly adjavcent to the crater which can receive the ground-off waste and any breaking-away grains.
  • This advantage makes itself felt particularly forcefully with those present-day grinding processes in which lubricating substances are present which may emanate from the bonding material of the grinding material or from the workpiece, particularly when processing soft metals or using grinding tools bonded by synthetic resin, by rubber or metallically.
  • the hollow bodies are also suitable for ceramic bonding. in any case, the effective cutting power is improved.
  • a further advantage lies in that the inter-connecting of the individual abrasive grains in the hollow body walls is not deleteriously affected by the pores, and the hollow body walls therefore form a framework which has a higher mechanical strength than known grinding tools with comparable total pore volume. Grinding discs employing the hollow bodies can therefore be operated at higher peripheral speeds.
  • the cutting ratio (the ratio of the grinding material wear to the ground-off material) is thereby improved. Furthermore the size of the volume of the individual pores is not restricted by the grain size, as the hollow body walls can be assembled as required from small or large grains. The pores can be filled with an auxiliary grinding material.
  • abrasive belts employing hollow bodies in accordance with the invention have a considerably longer working life with constant abrasive properties.
  • the hollow body walls containing the abrasive grains continuously make fresh abrasive grains available, whereby a large portion of the grinding surface is continuously available for accommodating the abrasive grains used up and the ground-off waste, and also any coolant present.
  • This pore proportion of the grinding surface hardly varies in size even when the hollow bodies are worn.
  • This characteristic is also possessed by abrasive belts in which the hollow bodies are initiallyclosed, for example in the form of hollow balls.
  • These hollow balls engage the workpiece first of all by the abrasive grains located on their outer surface, break up after a short time, thus forming a crater in each hollow body, the diameter of which crater increases as wear continues till the size is reached of the hollow body diameter, and at its boundary a rim or crown of abrasive'grains if left free.
  • the properties of the grinding means only start to alter when the grinding surface, after heavy wear of the hollow body walls, approaches the base of the cavity in the hollow bodies and therefore sufficient accommodation volume is no longer available.
  • the thickness of the abraslve-graln-hoiding wall of the hollow body may lie in particular in the range up to [0, but preferably up to 3, abrasive grain diameters.
  • abrasive grain arrangement as dense an abrasive grain arrangement as possible is sought. in most cases a substantially single-layer arrangement of the abrasive grain in the walls of the hollow body is sufficient. it has therefore been sought to produce as stable and dense as possible a hollow body sheath consisting of abrasive grains and a suitable bonding material.
  • the arrangement is all the denser or more tightly-packed, the less is the distance apart of the abrasive grains, and the more completely the wall surface appears coated with the abrasive grains.
  • a coating of more than 50% of the surface available in each abrasive grain layer is aimed at.
  • a further measure for the density of the grain arrangement in the hollow body walls is given by the volume ratio of abrasive grains to the bonding means.
  • the weight ratio which substantially corresponds to the volume ratio, is easier to determine, as the specific gravity of the synthetic resin bonding means (about i glcc) and abrasive grains (about 3-4 g/cc) used in practice, only differ negligibly. it can therefore be assumed that the proportion of bonding means in the hollow body walls by weight is advantageously not greater than twice, and preferably not greater than once and preferably again not greater than 0.3 times the grain content.
  • the hollow bodies are made preferably substantially in the form of a hollow sphere. They may however also be made cylindrical or of some other shape, but preferably are closed on all sides. A hollow cylindrical construction with both or one ends open, is however not excluded.
  • a hollow-spherical construction has proved particularly favourable with those grinding materials which have to stand up to high grinding pressure or resist powerful centrifugal forces, and also with those grinding materials where high requirements are set regarding uniform particle size, such as for instance abrasive or polishing belts.
  • the hollow bodies may consist exclusively of a closed wall formed from abrasive grain and bonding means.
  • Such hollow bodies are obtained for example by blowing up granulates consisting of abrasive grain and bonding material or by ensheathing carrier particles which disappear as the bonding material binding the grain hardens out, as they evaporate or decompose.
  • ceramically-bonded abrasive grain sheaths can be built up on organic carrier particles which volatilise on combustion. Again when using synthetic resin as bonding material, which is subjected for hardening out toa high temperature, the carrier body can disappear or lose its original form if it is fluid or gaseous at the final hardening temperature.
  • all the constituents participating in the formation of the hollow body should be more easily removable under grinding conditions than the wall, consisting of abrasive grain and bonding material, of the hollow body.
  • a measure of the innocuousness of the filling of a hollow body, if such is present, is the difference in frictional forces which is found with and without filling, other conditions being the same.
  • the frictional force produced by the filling alone should not be greater then one-fifth of that of the wall of the hollow body and preferably should be less than one-twentieth. If only some of the hollow bodies are filled then the frictional proportion of the individual filling in relation to the frictional stress of the hollow body wall in question, may be greater. It should however not exceed the ratio 1:1. This applied both for any carrier particles or their remainders in the hollow body and also for other fillers, for example grinding adjuvants.
  • a carrier particle which takes the form of a thin-walled hollow bead. It preferably consists of a thermoplastic material.
  • the hollow bead of Belgian Pat. No. 702,673 has proved very suitable for this purpose. If the mechanical strength required for the hollow body is obtained from the envelope or sheath itself, consisting of bonding material and abrasive grain, the carrier particle need only have a slight mechanical strength, as it is merely a matrix for the production of the envelope or sheath. It
  • the carrier particle taking the form of a hollow bead, may however be very thin-walled, normally no harm is done even if it remains present in the grinding zone, as it is made so slight by contrast with the sheath, that it cannot take over any significant part of the grinding pressure nor can it exert substantial frictional forces.
  • the carrier particle has to consist of a very soft material; it may consist of a hard, but brittle material, provided that through its being given a thin-wall it is ensured that its mechanical strength is substantially less than that of the wall of the hollow body, so that with increasing wear of the hollow body wall the carrier particle is removed by the grinding pressure, for instanceis successively broken away, without however, becausejof the low forces thereby occurring and the smallquantity of material thereby involved, affecting the grinding process.
  • Such brittle thin carrier particles can'however be utilised for supporting the sheath.
  • the carrier particles could even fill the hollow bodies (or some of them) completely, provided they are soft enough. As they are only supposed to serve as matrices for the formation of the sheath, their inherent strength need not be great. They may, therefore, consist of a powdery substance, or a substance which at grinding temperatures is soft or even fluid, or evaporates. They are of course so selected that they do not have a deleterious effect on the grinding process, but preferably a favourable one. For example they could be a grinding lubricant. It is also possible for carrier particles, made hollow, to be filled with grinding lubricant.
  • the size of the hollow bodies should be as uniform as possible. It should further lie in a given proportion to the mean diameter of the abrasive grain, that is to say it has proved advantageous if the mean hollow body overall diameter is 3 to 50 times, and in particular 6 to 20 times, as great as the mean abrasive grain diameter.
  • the mean overall diameter of the hollow body, measured parallel to the grinding surface, preferably lies between 0.1 to 8 mm, in particular between 0.2 and 2
  • the preferable procedure is for carrier particles to be mixed in a tacky condition with the abrasive grain.
  • the carrier particles can be brought into the tacky condition by themselves i.e. without the addition of an adhesive, if for example they are heated to their softening temperature before mixing with the abrasive grain, when for instance they consist of a thermoplastic material.
  • the carrier particles consist of a thermoplastic of a non-thermoplastic synthetic resin, they can also be mixed with the abrasive grain before their material is completely polymerized and they are therefore still tacky.
  • the carrier particles themselves are tacky and soft, they are preferably mixed with the abrasive grain in a-fluidized bed process.
  • the said hollow balls can be processed in the same way as has long been done with the abrasive grains, i.e. during the production of a grinding body they are mixed with a bonding material and brought into the shape of the grinding body, after which the bonding material is allowed to harden out, and during the production of an abrasive belt the hollow bodies are bonded in the usual manner to a base material.
  • FIG. I is a cross-section on an enlarged scale through an abrasive belt when new
  • FIG. 2 shows the abrasive belt of FIG. I when half worn away
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the abrasive belt of FIG. 2,
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 are diagrams of comparative tests on the abrasive belt of FIGS. I to 3 and FIG. 7 is a cross-section through a grinding body on an enlarged scale.
  • a base I has affixed thereto by a layer 2 of bonding material hollow bodies 3.
  • the walls of the hollow bodies 3 consist of abrasive grains 5 held in place by bonding means 6.
  • bonding means 6 When bodies 3 are ground to a half-worn condition, as is clearly visible, in FIGS. 2 and 3 there is formed a crown or rim 4 of grains 5. It can be seen that the coating of abrasive grains 5 is only one layer thick, and surrounds the whole cavity 7 of each body 3.
  • a substantial part of the bonding means 6 is located on the inside of the hollow body wall to bond the grains 5 to hollow beads which act as matrices for bodies 3.
  • a further part of the bonding mean: 6 is located directly between the grains and some ever on their outsides.
  • the hollow beads wetted with bonding material were mixed with electrocorundum of grain size 400 (mean grain diameter 35 am) so that the abrasive grains are fixed substantially in one layer and tightly packed on the bail shell.
  • the ratio by weight of hollow beads to solid bonding material to corundum, is l:l:l00.
  • the abrasive grain balls were carefully dried and screened, only balls with a mean diameter of 0.425 mm being used.
  • a cotton twill fabric conventionally provided for producing abrasive belts was uniformly strewn, after the application of a layer of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, with the ready-prepared abrasive grain balls, which were given an intermediate drying in the usual manner, and, after being coated over with a further thin layer of the same resin, but thinned this time, hardened until final definitive anchoring of the hollow balls was obtained.
  • the thin (c. l m) skin of the bead was melted, leaving only the bead sheath consisting of abrasive grain and bonding material.
  • a surface grinding operation was carried out on a flat steel bar of ST 37 steel and the amount of material ground off was determined at intervals of 1 minute by weighing the workpiece. in order to compensate for differences in the material, the same piece of flat bar steel was used for both tests, i.e. on one narrow side for a conventional belt and on the other narrow side for the belt of this example.
  • an abrasive belt produced in the usual conventional manner with the same fabric backing and grain size was tested. The results can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The hollow beads of Example 1 were wetted with an aqueous dispersion of a terpolymer of butadieneacryionitrilestyrene with an average nitrile content and a styrene fraction of about 5%, and thereafter mixed with electrocorundum with a grain size of 280 (mean grain dia.52p.m).
  • Example 1 The weight ratio of hollow beads to bonding means to corundum was 1:8:80.
  • the balls were dried and screened as in Example 1.
  • the fabric backing and the mode of fixing the abrasive balls was again in Example 1.
  • a grinding test was carried out with a belt produced therefrom.
  • the dimensions, the grinding machine and also the contact disc again corresponded to the arrangements as in Example 1. Again flat steel bar of ST 37 steel was ground.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An abrasive belt with dimensions 50 X 2,000 mm was prepared as in Example 2 and tested for comparison wih a conventional abrasive belt on a belt grinding machine.
  • the contact disc had a Shore hardness of 90.
  • the material being ground was a seamless drawn tube with an overall diameter of 165 mm, a wall thickness of 5.l to 5.8 mm, a Brinell hardness of 140 kg, soft-annealed to German Standard DlN i629.
  • a section of the tube was fed by the end face to the belt, rotating at 24 r.p.m. round the cylindrical axis. Feed was automatic as soon as the braking action, recognizable through the current consumption, left off. The intervals were 5 minutes long.
  • the belt used for cparison was worn down after 10 minutes, having ground off g of material.
  • the belt of this example had ground off 470 g after 35 minutes, the individual values being uniform over a wide range.
  • Abrasive belts according to the invention are suitable for grinding any desired materials, for instance metal, glass (glass-edge grinding), synthetic plastics material, ceramics or wood. They are particularly servicabie also for wet grinding, as they have an outstanding capacity for accommodating water in the ball craters. Any desired underiays are also suitable, for instance woven fabrics, paper, vulcanized fibres, fleeces or random webs, foils or films. Belts, curved components, sheets and discs are preferred forms of application. Non-flexible backings can also be used, however.
  • silicate materials for the hollow beads, silicate materials, glass, hardening synthetic resins (phenol resin, melamine resin. urea resin, epoxy resin, etc.), thermoplastic resins, gelatins and other processed or unprocessed natural substances have proved particularly suitable.
  • hardening synthetic resins phenol resin, melamine resin. urea resin, epoxy resin, etc.
  • thermoplastic resins for the hollow beads, silicate materials, glass, hardening synthetic resins (phenol resin, melamine resin. urea resin, epoxy resin, etc.), thermoplastic resins, gelatins and other processed or unprocessed natural substances have proved particularly suitable.
  • Any known bonding material can be used, both for fixing of the abrasive grains on the hollow bead surfaces and also for fixing the hollow bodies to the base.
  • Suitable abrasive grains are, for example, molten aluminium oxide, molten zirconium oxide, mixtures of these oxides, silicon carbide, diamond, flint, granite, emery and the like, and also polishing agents such as pumice stone, tripolite, rouge etc.
  • hollow body walls primarily comprise the abrasive grains, the part of the bonding material located between theabrasive grains and also the bonding material by which the abrasive grains were fixed, during the production processes to the hollow beads and which, if and when the bead walls are removed (e.g. by melting), covers the inner surface of the abrasive grains in the manner of a skin.
  • the bonding means may be considered as comprising the wall which provides on the outside of the hollow body a bond between the abrasive grains associated with the same hollow body, that is to say for example that part of the 2 re-coating layer which is deposited on the hollow bodies in abrasive belts.
  • the substances making up the hollow beads do not normally form part of the walls.
  • the grinding body comprises a multiplicity of hollow bodies 3, each consisting of a bubble type carrier particle 10, of, for instance, thermoplastic material, and a grain sheath 11 held by a bonding material (not shown) to the carrier particle.
  • a bonding material not shown
  • the hollow bodies are interconnected by a bonding material l2 ensheathing the individual hollow bodies. According to the quantity of the bonding material used this may completely fill the gusset-like cavities between the hollow bodies or merely cover their surfaces as in the example shown the gusset-like cavities remaining unfilled.
  • the bonding material can be enriched with a given quantity of abrasive grains 13 or filler and/or grinding adjuvants, grains [3 being indicated by dots in the drawing, thus being differentiated from the hollow body grains which are indicated by peripheral lines only.
  • the hollow bodies may be filled with a grinding adjuvant 14, for example a lubricant.
  • the grinding adjuvant may be present in solid form, paste form, liquid form or as a gas.
  • the mechanical strength of the hollow body wall substantially consisting of abrasive grains
  • the final mechanical strength, not only of the grinding body, but also of the hollow bodies, is preferably determined substantially by that part of the bonding means which wets the hollow bodies externally during the connection to the grinding body.
  • the production of the grinding body can also be effected predominantly or exclusively by means of that bonding means which was used during the preceding production of the hollow bodies, since the hollow bodies are formed before the final hardening of this bonding means tightly packed to the grinding body.
  • Grinding bodies according to the invention make a multiplicity of fresh abrasive grains continuously available at the grinding surface. In many cases therefore any dressing or sharpening of the grinding body can be dispensed with, or need only be carried out at longer intervals of time.
  • a grinding material comprising a multiplicity of hollow bodies whose walls contain abrasive grains in an amount of more than 50% of the wall surface and a bonding means selected from the group consisting of a synthetic resin, :1 ceramic binder and a metallic binder and are arranged to be stable in resistance to grinding forces, the mean diameter of said hollow bodies are measured parallel to a grinding surface lies between 0.l and 8 mm and is not more than 50 times the mean grain diameter and the abrasive grains are contained substantially within the walls of the hollow bodies.
  • a grinding material as claimed in claim 1 whereir the thickness of the walls of the hollow bodies is or average less than l0 times the mean abrasive grair diameter.
  • a grinding material as claimed in claim 1 where. all the constituents of the hollow bodies not participa ing in the formation of the walls are more easily remo able under grinding conditions than the walls.
  • a grinding material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mean overall diameter of the hollow bodies measured parallel to a grinding surface is about three to 50 times as large as the mean grain diameter.
  • a process for the production of a grinding material comprising expanding polymeric material to form a multiplicity of hollow bodies having a diameter of 0.1-8.0 mm, coating said hollow bodies with abrasive grains so that said abrasive grains are substantially in one layer, and depositing said coated material onto a substrate having a layer of bonding material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US465802A 1973-09-26 1974-05-01 Hollow body grinding materials Expired - Lifetime US3928949A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/832,516 USRE29808E (en) 1973-09-26 1977-09-12 Hollow body grinding materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732348338 DE2348338C3 (de) 1973-09-26 1973-09-26 Aus Bindemittel und Schleifkorn bestehender Schleifkörper
DE19732350139 DE2350139C3 (de) 1973-10-05 1973-10-05 Hohlkörperförmiger Schleifkörper

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US05/832,516 Reissue USRE29808E (en) 1973-09-26 1977-09-12 Hollow body grinding materials

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US (1) US3928949A (enExample)
AT (1) AT334769B (enExample)
CA (1) CA997151A (enExample)
CH (1) CH585255A5 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2270056B1 (enExample)
IT (1) IT1005616B (enExample)
NL (2) NL162006B (enExample)
SE (1) SE402728B (enExample)

Cited By (30)

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US4111713A (en) * 1975-01-29 1978-09-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hollow spheres
US4111667A (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-09-05 Norton Company Woven polyester backed flexible coated abrasive having microballoons in backsize
US4132533A (en) * 1975-04-12 1979-01-02 The Carborundum Company Process for the production of spherical bonded abrasive from abrasive grain
US4138228A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-02-06 Ralf Hoehn Abrasive of a microporous polymer matrix with inorganic particles thereon
US4216916A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-12 Tupper Myron D Apparatus for shredding tire casings
US4311489A (en) * 1978-08-04 1982-01-19 Norton Company Coated abrasive having brittle agglomerates of abrasive grain
US4543106A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-09-24 Carborundum Abrasives Company Coated abrasive product containing hollow microspheres beneath the abrasive grain
US4954140A (en) * 1988-02-09 1990-09-04 Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co., Ltd. Abrasives, abrasive tools, and grinding method
WO1994004599A1 (en) * 1992-08-19 1994-03-03 Rodel, Inc. Polymeric substrate with polymeric microelements
EP0737547A1 (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Polishing pad structure and composition and method of fabricating a polishing pad for chemical-mechanical polishing and method of polishing a semiconductor substrate surface
US5567503A (en) * 1992-03-16 1996-10-22 Sexton; John S. Polishing pad with abrasive particles in a non-porous binder
JPH09503932A (ja) * 1993-08-10 1997-04-22 パテル，ビピン・チャンドラ・ムルジブハイ 超音波による齲歯の検出法
US6521004B1 (en) 2000-10-16 2003-02-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making an abrasive agglomerate particle
JP3425894B2 (ja) 1999-05-27 2003-07-14 ロデール ホールディングス インコーポレイテッド 加工品の表面を平坦化する方法
US20030157868A1 (en) * 2000-08-23 2003-08-21 Axel Krupp Honing tool
US6620215B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2003-09-16 Dynea Canada, Ltd. Abrasive composition containing organic particles for chemical mechanical planarization
US6620214B2 (en) 2000-10-16 2003-09-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making ceramic aggregate particles
US6645624B2 (en) 2000-11-10 2003-11-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Composite abrasive particles and method of manufacture
US6790126B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-09-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Agglomerate abrasive grain and a method of making the same
US6913824B2 (en) 2000-10-16 2005-07-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making an agglomerate particle
SG151231A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-30 Nippon Micro Coating Kk Cleaning tape and method of producing same
JP2012101354A (ja) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-31 Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings Inc シリケート複合研磨パッド
US20120167477A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasifs Abrasive particle and method of forming same
US20130280995A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Hermes Schleifmittel Gmbh & Co. Kg Abrasive material and abrasive wheel
US8888878B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2014-11-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Coated abrasive aggregates and products containg same
US8968435B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-03-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for fine polishing of ophthalmic lenses
US9138867B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-09-22 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing surfaces
US9168638B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-10-27 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces
US9586308B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2017-03-07 Fabrica Nacional De Lija, S.A. De C.V. Abrasive product coated with agglomerated particles formed in situ and method of making the same

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US4111713A (en) * 1975-01-29 1978-09-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hollow spheres
US4132533A (en) * 1975-04-12 1979-01-02 The Carborundum Company Process for the production of spherical bonded abrasive from abrasive grain
US4138228A (en) * 1977-02-02 1979-02-06 Ralf Hoehn Abrasive of a microporous polymer matrix with inorganic particles thereon
US4111667A (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-09-05 Norton Company Woven polyester backed flexible coated abrasive having microballoons in backsize
US4311489A (en) * 1978-08-04 1982-01-19 Norton Company Coated abrasive having brittle agglomerates of abrasive grain
US4216916A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-12 Tupper Myron D Apparatus for shredding tire casings
US4543106A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-09-24 Carborundum Abrasives Company Coated abrasive product containing hollow microspheres beneath the abrasive grain
US4954140A (en) * 1988-02-09 1990-09-04 Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co., Ltd. Abrasives, abrasive tools, and grinding method
US5567503A (en) * 1992-03-16 1996-10-22 Sexton; John S. Polishing pad with abrasive particles in a non-porous binder
US5578362A (en) * 1992-08-19 1996-11-26 Rodel, Inc. Polymeric polishing pad containing hollow polymeric microelements
US5900164A (en) * 1992-08-19 1999-05-04 Rodel, Inc. Method for planarizing a semiconductor device surface with polymeric pad containing hollow polymeric microelements
JP3013105B2 (ja) 1992-08-19 2000-02-28 ロデール インコーポレーテッド 高分子微小エレメントを含む高分子基材
US6439989B1 (en) 1992-08-19 2002-08-27 Rodel Holdings Inc. Polymeric polishing pad having continuously regenerated work surface
WO1994004599A1 (en) * 1992-08-19 1994-03-03 Rodel, Inc. Polymeric substrate with polymeric microelements
JPH09503932A (ja) * 1993-08-10 1997-04-22 パテル，ビピン・チャンドラ・ムルジブハイ 超音波による齲歯の検出法
EP0737547A1 (en) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-16 Applied Materials, Inc. Polishing pad structure and composition and method of fabricating a polishing pad for chemical-mechanical polishing and method of polishing a semiconductor substrate surface
JP3425894B2 (ja) 1999-05-27 2003-07-14 ロデール ホールディングス インコーポレイテッド 加工品の表面を平坦化する方法
US20030157868A1 (en) * 2000-08-23 2003-08-21 Axel Krupp Honing tool
US6790126B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2004-09-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Agglomerate abrasive grain and a method of making the same
EP2264115A1 (en) 2000-10-06 2010-12-22 3M Innovative Properties Co. Agglomerate abrasive grain and a method of making the same
US6881483B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2005-04-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Ceramic aggregate particles
US6620214B2 (en) 2000-10-16 2003-09-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making ceramic aggregate particles
US6913824B2 (en) 2000-10-16 2005-07-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making an agglomerate particle
US6521004B1 (en) 2000-10-16 2003-02-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making an abrasive agglomerate particle
US6645624B2 (en) 2000-11-10 2003-11-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Composite abrasive particles and method of manufacture
US6620215B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2003-09-16 Dynea Canada, Ltd. Abrasive composition containing organic particles for chemical mechanical planarization
SG151231A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-30 Nippon Micro Coating Kk Cleaning tape and method of producing same
JP2012101354A (ja) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-31 Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings Inc シリケート複合研磨パッド
US20120167477A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Saint-Gobain Abrasifs Abrasive particle and method of forming same
CN103269830A (zh) * 2010-12-30 2013-08-28 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 磨料颗粒及其形成方法
US8870985B2 (en) * 2010-12-30 2014-10-28 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive particle and method of forming same
US8888878B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2014-11-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Coated abrasive aggregates and products containg same
CN103269830B (zh) * 2010-12-30 2016-04-06 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 磨料颗粒及其形成方法
US9931733B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-04-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9168638B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-10-27 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces
US9138867B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2015-09-22 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing surfaces
US8968435B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-03-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for fine polishing of ophthalmic lenses
US20130280995A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Hermes Schleifmittel Gmbh & Co. Kg Abrasive material and abrasive wheel
US9586308B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2017-03-07 Fabrica Nacional De Lija, S.A. De C.V. Abrasive product coated with agglomerated particles formed in situ and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA149474A (de) 1976-05-15
FR2270056A1 (enExample) 1975-12-05
FR2270056B1 (enExample) 1976-10-08
CA997151A (en) 1976-09-21
SE402728B (sv) 1978-07-17
SE7401847L (enExample) 1975-03-27
AT334769B (de) 1976-02-10
NL7404183A (nl) 1975-04-01
IT1005616B (it) 1976-09-30
CH585255A5 (enExample) 1977-02-28
NL162006C (nl)
NL162006B (nl) 1979-11-15

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