US3928824A - Waveguide circulator - Google Patents

Waveguide circulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928824A
US3928824A US497263A US49726374A US3928824A US 3928824 A US3928824 A US 3928824A US 497263 A US497263 A US 497263A US 49726374 A US49726374 A US 49726374A US 3928824 A US3928824 A US 3928824A
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Prior art keywords
ferrimagnetic
post
waveguide
circulator
ports
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Expired - Lifetime
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US497263A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazunori Takahashi
Atsushi Fukasawa
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Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
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Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A waveguide circular which includes at least three waveguide H plane ports, said ports so arranged that at their junction a ferrimagnetic post is provided, one or two matching conductor or dielectric members which are provided in relation to said ferrimagnetic post, and a magnetic device which magnetizes statically said ferrimagnetic post.
  • the characteristic features of the present invention are that the cross section of said ferrimagnetic post is inscribed with a circle the diameter of which is nearly equal to the value calculated from the dielectric resonator mode TM (m g 2), one end of said ferrimagnetic post is directly or indirectly fixed to the center of the matching members the total thickness of which is selected to be nearly equal to the height of said ferrimagnetic post and an air gap is provided between the other end of said ferrimagnetic post and the H plane of said waveguide or another matching member, and the electrical length of said air gap is adjusted so as to obtain the wide band characteristics of said waveguide circulator.
  • the present invention relates to a circulator and especially, relates to the circulator which provides wide band characteristics without insertion loss characteristics.
  • the conventional wide band waveguide circulator is composed of waveguide H plane ports, a ferrimagnetic post which is provided at thejunction of said ports, one or two matching conductor or dielectric members which are provided in relation to said ferrite pillar, and a magnetic device which magnetizes statically said ferrimagnetic post.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide circulator which can overcome the abovementioned drawbacks.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide circulator which is simply constructed and is composed of a minimum number of components.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a waveguide circulator which is manufactured in less time and at lower cost than the conventional waveguide circulator.
  • a waveguide circulator includes at least three waveguide H plane ports, said ports so arranged that at their junction a ferrimagnetic post is provided one or two matching conductor or dielectric members which are provided in relation to said ferrimagnetic post, and a magnetic device which magnetizes statically said ferrimagnetic post.
  • Characteristic features of the present invention are that (a) the cross section of said ferrimagnetic post is inscribed with a circle the diameter of which is nearly equal to the value calculated from the dielectric resonator mode TM (m a 2), (b) one end of said ferrite pillar is directly or indirectly fixed to the center of the matching member, an air gap is provided between the other end of said ferrimagnetic post and the H plane of said waveguide or another matching member, and the electrical length of said air gap is adjusted so as to obtain the wide band characteristics of said waveguide circulator.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show one embodiment of a conventional waveguide circulator;
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective 2 view of said circulator and
  • FIG. 1B is a cross section viewed from the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. IA;
  • FIGS. 2A through 2C are diagrams showing the distribution of the microwave electromagnetic field in the ferrimagnetic post;
  • FIG. 2A concerns the TM mode
  • FIG. 2B concerns the TM mode
  • FIG. 2C shows the coordinate system;
  • FIGS. 3A through 3C show embodiments of the waveguide circulator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3A is a side view of the waveguide circulator
  • FIG. 3B is the plan view of the waveguide circulator shown in FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 3C is another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs of the experimental data of the embodiments according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the experimental data of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show a perspective view of the conventional waveguide Y circulator and FIG. 1B is a cross section viewed from the directionT]:
  • 1 is a waveguide Y port
  • 1a lb, and 1c are conductor screws for adjusting the attenuation in the reverse direction of the waveguide circulator
  • 2 is a ferrimagnetic material
  • 15-] and 3-2 are permanent magnets
  • 4-1a and 4-2a are triangular member conductors, which are used for impedance matching
  • 5-1 and 5-2 are triangular dielectric plates for impedance matching.
  • permanent magnets 3-1 and 3-2 are not shown: 1A, 1B and 1C are the opening portions of the waveguide Y junctions.
  • the present invention is composed of the following three conditions.
  • the form of the ferrimagnetic post is selected to be cylindrical and the value of the diameter of the ferrimagnetic cylinder is selected on the basis of TM that is, one of the higher order modes, or near said value.
  • Mode matching between the ferrite cylinder and the external waveguide is carried out with the most simple construction.
  • the ferrimagnetic post is fixed directly with the adhesive material.
  • Impedance matching between the ferrimagnetic cylinder and the external waveguide is carried out by precisely selecting the distance: between a free end of the ferrimagnetic cylinder (that is, the end which is not fixed to the triangular plate) and an inner waveguide H 3 plane facing said free end or other triangular member placed on said inner plane of the waveguide.
  • FIG. 2A shows the distribution of the microwave magnetic field TM in the ferrimagnetic cylinder 2a when said distribution is observed from the direction P indicated in FIG. 1B which shows the conventional waveguide Y circulator.
  • the curved lines 9 in the ferrite cylinder 2a indicate vectors of the magnetic fields and arrows viewed from the head or tail 10 indicate the vectors of electrical fields.
  • Arrows,@and@on the exterior of the ferrite pillar 2a show the direction of the opening portions 1A, 1B and 1C of the waveguide Y junction.
  • TM shows a magnetic transverse wave
  • the numbers 110 represent the number of the standing waves in coordinates (15, r, 1 respectively, corresponding to the coordinate system as shown in FIG. 2C.
  • the mode is expressed only with respect to the number of standing waves in the direction of 5 and r, and when we calculate the electromagnetic energy or load Q; Q the number of standing waves in the direction 1 must be expressed in accordance with the resonance mode.
  • the number of waves in the direction 1 has no relation to the present invention, therefore we have omitted it for purposes of simplifying the explanation.
  • FIG. 2B shows the distribution of the microwave electromagnetic field of the TM- mode. As is well known, the following equation is obtained.
  • U is an energy which is stored in the ferrimagnetic cylinder and Pout is an electric power which is radiated to the exterior from the ferrimagnetic cylinder. It is known that U in equation (2) may be calculated as shown in following equation.
  • J (kr) is the first kind and the second order of Bessel function
  • k is a constant
  • r and d are variables
  • E is the maximum electric field at the periphery of the ferrite cylinder.
  • G is the admittance viewed from the periphery of the ferrimagnetic cylinder to either the exterior or interior of the ferrimagnetic cylinder.
  • G is the characteristic admittance corresponding to the TEM mode of strip-line which exists on the outside of the ferrimagnetic post and is independent of the frequency.
  • G is the admittance of the waveguide which exists outside of the ferrimagnetic cylinder and has frequency characteristics.
  • the triangular member conductors 4-Ia and 4-2a shown in FIG. 18 have the function of converting the waveguide mode from the TE mode into a quasi TEM mode for the reason given in condition 2.
  • G is a characteristic admittance with respect to the TEM mode viewed from the inferior to the exterior of the ferrimagnetic cylinder, and is considered to be the same as in the strip-line circulator, the above-mentioned equation (7) can be applied to the strip-line circulator as well as the waveguide circulator.
  • Equation (ll) gives nearly the same result as equation (7). That is, the circulator which uses the TM mode can obtain a wide band twice as large as the circulator which uses the TM mode, and the value of the center frequency which is calculated with the TM mode corresponds to the experimental result.
  • the resonance mode is TM I is the length of the resonator, x,,,,, is an eigen value corresponding to mode TM,,,,,, e is the relative dielectric constant of the ferrite body, 41., is the relative permeability of the ferrite body, A, is the wavelength of the center frequency in free space and f,, C/u, (wherein C is the light velocity).
  • p is the number of the standing waves appearing along the ferrimagnetic post in its longitudinal direction. The value of p is between 0 and l, and in most cases said value is near 0. (Conditions 2 and 3) Condition 1 is essential for the present invention, however, condition 2 and 3 mentioned hereinafter are secondary conditions.
  • the reactance component can be matched with the conductor screws la, lb and 1c which is provided on the waveguide H plane.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by fixing one end of the ferrimagnetic cylinder with a diameter determined by the mode TM (m i 2) of the dielectric resonator, directly or indirectly to the center portion of'one matching triangular conductor member, and adjusting precisely the distance between the other end of the ferrimagnetic cylinder and the inner surface of the waveguide H plane.
  • FIG. 3A shows a side view of the portion of the embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3B is a cross section along A-A of FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 3C is another embodiment of 'the present invention wherein the matching triangular conductor member 6 shown in FIG. 3A is divided into two portions, that is, 6-1b and 6-2b and these divided portions are fixed on upper and lower I-I planes at the center of the junction of the waveguide ports.
  • 1 is the waveguide port, and 3-1 and 3-2 are permanent magnets,
  • 5 and 5b indicate the ferrimagnetic cylinder
  • 6, '6-1b and 6-2b represent matching triangular conductor members.
  • the diameter of the ferrimagnetic cylinders and the dimensions of the triangular conductor members are determined in accordance with the above-mentioned conditions 1, 2 and 3.
  • the total thickness of the matching member or members is selected to be nearly equal to the height of the ferrimagnetic post.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show experimental results of the characteristics of the waveguide circulator according tothe present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is the characteristic data showing the relation between the frequency GHz and the attenuation in the reverse direction dB of the waveguide circulator which is adjusted to the Tschebysheff form by using the conductor screws which are respectively provided on the H planes of the opening portions 1A, 1B and 1C of the waveguide Y junction and
  • FIG. 48 represents the case of the waveguide circulator being adjusted to the maximally flat form.
  • the curves shown by 0-0, .r.r and A-A show the characteristic of each portion of the three opening portions 1A, 1B and 1C.
  • the waveguide circulator which is composed of the ferrimagnetic post calculated by the dielectric resonator mode TM and one or a pair of matching members and conductor screws, provides the same characteristics as the conventional waveguide circulator having a complex construction. Therefore, the waveguide circulator according to the present invention can be manufactured inexpensively and with simple construction and the time required to manufacture the waveguide circulator can be considerably reduced.
  • a waveguide circulator wherein a conductor member is arranged on H planes at the center of the junction of waveguide ports, the thickness of said member is selected to be approximately equal to the height of said ferrimagnetic post, one end of said ferrimagnetic post is fixed to the center of said conductor member-and an air gap is provided between the other end of said ferrimagnetic post and said H plane, and the electrical length of said air gap is adjusted so as to obtain the wide band characteristics of said waveguide circulator.
  • a waveguide circulator wherein a first and second conductor member are arranged respectively on upper and lower H planes at the center of the junction of waveguide ports, the total thickness of said first and second conductor member is selected to be approximately equal to the height of said ferrimagnetic post, one end of said ferrimagnetic post is fixed to the center of said first conductor member and an air gap is provided between the other end of said ferrimagnetic post and said second conductor member, and the electrical length of said air gap is adjusted so as to obtain the wide band characteristics of said waveguide circulator.

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US497263A 1973-08-30 1974-08-14 Waveguide circulator Expired - Lifetime US3928824A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145672A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 Trw Inc. Microwave ferrite circulator having dielectric tube for housing circulator elements
US4633199A (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-12-30 Alpha Industries, Inc. High power circulating
EP0896381A3 (de) * 1997-08-07 2001-04-11 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Mikrowellen-Bauelement
KR100287817B1 (ko) * 1997-01-23 2001-07-12 무라타 야스타카 교차선로장치
US6433649B2 (en) * 1999-01-10 2002-08-13 Tdk Corporation Non-reciprocal circuit element and millimeter-wave hybrid integrated circuit board with the non-reciprocal circuit element
WO2003026061A1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Quasar Microwave Technology Limited Electromagnetic control devices
EP1303000A1 (en) * 2001-10-10 2003-04-16 Marconi Communications GmbH Circulator
US8217730B1 (en) 2011-04-13 2012-07-10 Raytheon Canada Limited High power waveguide cluster circulator
CN103247841A (zh) * 2013-05-03 2013-08-14 南京震冠电子科技有限公司 波导环行器
CN106207348A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-07 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 一种波导环形器
US9520633B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2016-12-13 Apollo Microwaves Ltd. Waveguide circulator configuration and method of using same
CN109212353A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-15 西南应用磁学研究所 低功率源需求的波导环行器功率试验方法
CN111224201A (zh) * 2020-01-14 2020-06-02 北京航空航天大学 一种抗微放电的铁氧体环行器结构

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3026257C2 (de) * 1980-07-11 1985-02-21 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Millimeterwellen-Zirkulator
DE3127445A1 (de) * 1981-07-11 1982-04-01 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Millimeterwellen-zirkulator
DE3509620A1 (de) * 1984-03-29 1985-10-03 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Millimeterwellen-zirkulator
DE3441352A1 (de) * 1984-11-13 1986-05-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Hohlleiteranordnung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3104361A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-09-17 Hughes Aircraft Co Ferrite circulator with conductive plate of uniform thickness having tapered angularapexes for broad banding
US3670134A (en) * 1971-01-26 1972-06-13 Amana Refrigeration Inc Microwave oven no-load sensor
US3714608A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-01-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband circulator having multiple resonance modes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4410682Y1 (en)) * 1967-03-31 1969-04-30

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3104361A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-09-17 Hughes Aircraft Co Ferrite circulator with conductive plate of uniform thickness having tapered angularapexes for broad banding
US3670134A (en) * 1971-01-26 1972-06-13 Amana Refrigeration Inc Microwave oven no-load sensor
US3714608A (en) * 1971-06-29 1973-01-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Broadband circulator having multiple resonance modes

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145672A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 Trw Inc. Microwave ferrite circulator having dielectric tube for housing circulator elements
US4633199A (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-12-30 Alpha Industries, Inc. High power circulating
KR100287817B1 (ko) * 1997-01-23 2001-07-12 무라타 야스타카 교차선로장치
EP0896381A3 (de) * 1997-08-07 2001-04-11 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Mikrowellen-Bauelement
US6433649B2 (en) * 1999-01-10 2002-08-13 Tdk Corporation Non-reciprocal circuit element and millimeter-wave hybrid integrated circuit board with the non-reciprocal circuit element
WO2003026061A1 (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Quasar Microwave Technology Limited Electromagnetic control devices
US20050110591A1 (en) * 2001-10-10 2005-05-26 Siegbert Martin Microwave circulator with deformable membrane
WO2003032432A3 (en) * 2001-10-10 2003-09-25 Marconi Comm Gmbh Microwave circulator with deformable membrane
EP1303000A1 (en) * 2001-10-10 2003-04-16 Marconi Communications GmbH Circulator
CN1294674C (zh) * 2001-10-10 2007-01-10 马科尼通讯股份有限公司 具有可变形的膜片的微波循环器
US7196593B2 (en) 2001-10-10 2007-03-27 Marconi Communications Gmbh Microwave circulator with deformable membrane
US8217730B1 (en) 2011-04-13 2012-07-10 Raytheon Canada Limited High power waveguide cluster circulator
CN103247841A (zh) * 2013-05-03 2013-08-14 南京震冠电子科技有限公司 波导环行器
US9520633B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2016-12-13 Apollo Microwaves Ltd. Waveguide circulator configuration and method of using same
CN106207348A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-07 江苏贝孚德通讯科技股份有限公司 一种波导环形器
CN109212353A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-15 西南应用磁学研究所 低功率源需求的波导环行器功率试验方法
CN109212353B (zh) * 2018-09-26 2021-01-26 西南应用磁学研究所 低功率源需求的波导环行器功率试验方法
CN111224201A (zh) * 2020-01-14 2020-06-02 北京航空航天大学 一种抗微放电的铁氧体环行器结构

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JPS5046469A (en)) 1975-04-25
GB1447838A (en) 1976-09-02
DE2441254B2 (de) 1976-10-14
DE2441254A1 (de) 1975-03-27

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