Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/30—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by mixing gases into liquid compositions or plastisols, e.g. frothing with air
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
  • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
  • D06N3/0025—Rubber threads; Elastomeric fibres; Stretchable, bulked or crimped fibres; Retractable, crimpable fibres; Shrinking or stretching of fibres during manufacture; Obliquely threaded fabrics
  • D06N3/0029—Stretchable fibres; Stretching of fibres during manufacture
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
  • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
  • D06N3/0025—Rubber threads; Elastomeric fibres; Stretchable, bulked or crimped fibres; Retractable, crimpable fibres; Shrinking or stretching of fibres during manufacture; Obliquely threaded fabrics
  • D06N3/0031—Retractable fibres; Shrinking of fibres during manufacture

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A method for the production of textile webs having high porosity and absorbency, with a leather-like surface grain comprising roughening a basic fabric of shrinkable fibers, optionally stretching the fabric if necessary in at least the warp or weft direction; impregnating at least one side of the fabric with an aqueous fluid foam containing a dispersion of a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above 120C, until the foam penetrates at least completely through the pile; drying the impregnated fabric; heating the dried impregnated fabric at 120 to 160C for a time sufficient to harden said polymeric compound; shrinking the dried impregnated fabric by treatment with hot water or steam; and recovering said textile webs having a high porosity and absorbency with a leather-like surface grain.
• the present invention is directed to a method for the production of textile webs having high porosity and absorbency, with a leather-like surface grain comprising roughening a basic fabric of shrinkable fibers having a thread density of 10 to 20 threads per centimeter in warp and weft directions and having a shrinking capacity of 2 to in warp and weft directions, on at least one side-in order to raise the height of the pile above the surface of the fabric from about 0.4 to 5 mm; optionally stretching the fabric if necessary in at least the warp or weft direction up to 7%; impregnating at least one side of the fabric with an aqueous fluid foam containing a dispersion of a polymeric compound hardenable ata temperature above 120C, until the foam penetrates at least completely through the pile; drying the impregnated fabric; heating the dried impregnated 2 fabric at 120 to 160C for a time sufficient to harden said polymeric compound; shrinking the dried impregnated fabric by treatment with hot water
• starting material includes textile webs or fabrics which are woven from absorbent and shrinkable fibers or threads.
• These fabrics are woven from fibers'for example cellulose fiber, such as cotton, staple rayon or cellulose rayon, if necessary blended with synthetic fibers, like polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, or polyacrylonitrile fibers.
• These fabrics can be shrunk by the action of hot water at 30 to C preferably at 30 to 60C or with steam.
• the shrinking effect can be further increased by stretching the fabrics before or during the impregnation in the warp direction and/or the weft direction by up to 7%.
• the starting fabric should have a thread density of about 10 to 20 threads per centimeter in the warp direction and in the weft direction.
• the fabric is roughened like felt, for example, by means of a roll carding roughening machine so that the pile height is raised above the surface of the fabric from about 0.4 to 5 mm, preferably 0.4 to 2 mm.
• the roughening can be effectedon one side or on both sides, depending on the desired end product.
• the roughened fabric layer is impregnated by applying a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above C, such as a polymer or copolymer, in the form of an aqueous fluid foam usually a liquid foam containing air.
• a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above C such as a polymer or copolymer
• the application is effected by means of a wiper or roll device. If the fabric is to be impregnated on both sides, this can be effected in one operation or preferably in two separate operations, impregnating first one side and after intermediate drying of the one side, then impregnating the other side. It is important for the intended purpose that the foam is worked thoroughly into the roughened layer and if necessary also intothe basic fabric, so that the fibers are saturated with and/or covered by the foam material to a substantial degree or even completely.
• the fabric can remain stress-free, or preferably the fabric can be stretched by means of known devices in the longitudinal and/or the transverse direction by up to 7%, preferably 4 to 7%.
• An increased shrinkage can be achieved during the following hot water or steam treatment. Stretching prior to impregnation, for example, during the roughening step is also possible and yields about the same increased shrinkage effect.
• the fabric is transported through the drying zone of a drying apparatus utilizing, for example, hot air or infrared radiation. The drying temperature is about 80 to 120C. After drying, the polymeric material is hardened at about 120 to C, and yields a coating which is fast to washing and cleaning.
• the foams used are produced by foaming aqueous dispersions of heat hardenable polymeric compounds for example, film-forming polymers or copolymers hardenable at a temperature above 120C by injecting air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or any other gas into the dispersion, or by working air into the dispersion by means of special stirrers or rotating brushes etc.
• the volumetric amount of air worked in should be about three times to .10 times the volumetric amount of the initial dispersion.
• wetting agents and foaming agents containing higher hydrocarbon substituents with 10 to 20 carbon atoms for example anionic surface-active compounds such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol polyalkyleneglycolether sulfates, sulfosuccinic acid ester salts or other highly foaming ionic or nonionic tensides are added to the dispersions before foaming.
• foam stability necessary for the mechanical processing operation may be achieved by the addition of foam stabilizers, for example methyl cellulose or other water-soluble cellulose derivatives, or fatty acid alkanol amides of 8 to 20 carbon atoms such as coconut fatty acid-diethanol amide of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• foam stabilizers for example methyl cellulose or other water-soluble cellulose derivatives, or fatty acid alkanol amides of 8 to 20 carbon atoms such as coconut fatty acid-diethanol amide of 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the selection of the heat hardenable polymeric compound depends on the film-forming capacity, plasticity, elasticity, waterproofness, etc. Particularly suitable are polymers based on acrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, acrylic acid amides, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, butadiene, styrene etc. as well as their copolymers, particularly butadiene-styrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile, acrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride or acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymers. These polymers or copolymers are commercially available in the form of aqueous dispersions, and already contain the catalysts or other additives required for the heat hardening thereof.
• Other parameters to be considered in performing the method according to the invention may include the characteristics of the foam utilized such as the structure, fluidity and penetration power of the foam. These properties depend in turn on the viscosity of the dispersions of the polymer or copolymer to be foamed. It has been found that the viscosity of this starting dispersion usually should not exceed 1000 cp and should preferably be between 100 and 350 cp. measured with the Epprecht viscosimeter. It is therefore usually necessary to dilute the commercial polymers or copolymers with an adequate amount of water before foaming.
• foams are obtained by starting from aqueous dispersions which contain, with reference to the active ingredients, from 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 15 to 35% by weight, of one of the above mentioned polymeric compounds, from 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight, of wetting agent or foaming agent and from 0.05 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to by weight, of foam stabilizer in an aqueous dispersion.
• Dyes and fillers can also be incorporated into the dispersions if desired.
• Particularly suitable as dyes are pigment dyes, which spread easily in water and aqueous media.
• the impregnation step and the heat hardening step are followed by a shrinking step which can be achieved in a simple manner by dipping the cloth into a warm or hot waterbath at 30 to 100C or by treatment with steam.
• a shrinkage of about 3% to is desired either in only one direction or in both the warp and the weft directio ns, so that a wavy or irregular grain pattern is formed.
• the cloth is now finished and can be packaged if desired and sold.
• the advantages of the webs according to the invention include a high porosity and excellent high absorbency, so that they are particularly suitable for household use as cleaning cloths for various purposes. They III are used with particular advantage as dish cloths. floor cloths, dust cloths. and glass or ceramic cleaning cloths such as window cleaning cloths. etc., since they also show good stability and abrasion resistance when wet. In addition they are also suitable for cleaning and polishing shoes, etc.. .for use as linings for shoes and covers for luggage and upholstery; and because of their beautiful leather-like grain, they are useful for decorating purposes, for example as wall coverings. Particularly in the wet state the cloths are characterized by a chamoislike soft and supple feel. These cloths meet todays sanitary requirements since they can be washed in hot water and can also be dry-cleaned. The thickness of the dry cloths after the manufacture thereof is about 0.8 to 2.5 mm.
• the fabric was impregnated on both sides with a wiper apparatus with a fluid air-rich foam of a synthetic resin dispersion, containing 4 parts by volume of air per 1 part by volume of the starting dispersion with a viscosity of 200 cp (Epprecht viscosimeter).
• the polymeric dispersion had the following composition:
• the end product had a polymer coating of about 1 15 g/m and was particularly suitable as an imitation leather for cleaning glass surfaces such as windows, or ceramic surfaces.
• the impregnation product was resistant to washing with boiling water so that repeated cleaning and sanitizing of the cloth and its reuse were possible.
• EXAMPLE 2 A fabric having the same characteristics as the fabric in Example 1 was roughened on one side and then was coated with a fluid air-rich foam of a polymer dispersion whic h contained 5 parts by volume of air per 1 part by volume of dispersion.
• the starting dispersion had the following composition: I I
• the fabric After impregnating one side, the fabric was given an intermediate drying for 3 minutes. at 120C, after which the coating was similarly applied to the other side of the fabric. Subsequently the fabric was dried at 150C and the copolymer dispersion was simultaneously heat hardened onboth sides. In order to create the leatherlike surface grain on the fabric, it was treated with warm water analogously to the procedure in Example 1.
• the impregnated cloth was particularly suitable as a dish cloth and dust cloth for household purposes.
• the end product had a coating of 200 g/m of film-forming polymers and could be used advantageously as a chamois cloth for wiping dry an automobile after washing.
• Example 4 The coatingcomposition of Example 3 was applied to one side only of the fabric.
• the resulting article served as ashoe lining and was characterized by high breathing activity, absorbency, water-proofness and perspira-
• a method for the production of textile webs having high porosity and absorbency, with a leather-like surface grain consisting essentially of the steps of roughening a basic fabric of shrinkable fibers having a thread density of 10 to 20 threads per centimeter in warp and weft directions and. having a shrinking capacity of 2 to 15% in warp and weft directions, on at least one side in orderto raise the height of the pile above the surface of the fabric from about 0.4 to 5 mm; optionally stretching the fabric in warp or weft direction up to 7%; in-
• aqueous fluid foam containing a dispersion of a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above C, until the foam penetrates at least completely through the pile with said fluid foam being worked into the basic fabric until the fibers are saturated with and covered by said fluid foam to a substantial degree; drying the impregnated fabric; heating the dried impregnated fabric at 120 to C for a time sufficient to harden said polymeric compound; shrinking the dried impregnated fabric by treatment with hot water or steam; and recovering said textile webs having a high porosity and absorbency with a leather-like surface grain.
• aqueous fluid foam dispersion contains prior to foaming from 10 to 40% by weight of a polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid homopolymers, acrylic acid ester homopolymers, acrylic acid amide polymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride copolymers and acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymers.
• a polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid homopolymers, acrylic acid ester homopolymers, acrylic acid amide polymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride copolymers and acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymers.
• aqueous fluid foam dispersion further contains, prior to foaming, from 1 to 10% by weight of a wetting agent or a foaming agent, and from 0.05 to 15% by weight of a foam stabilizer.
• the aqueous fluid dispersion prior to foaming, contains (a) from 15 to 35% by weight of said polymeric compound, (b) from 2 to 5% by weight of said agent, and (c) from 0.1 to 10%by weight of said foam stabilizer.
• said wetting agent is an anionic surface-active wetting agent 7 selected from the group consisting of an alkyl benzene sulfonate, an alkyl sulfonate, a fatty alcohol sulfate. a fatty alcohol polyethylene-glycolether sulfate and a sulfosuccinic acid ester salt containing higher hydrocarbon substituent with to 20 carbon atoms in the ester group.
• said foam stabilizer c) is selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and a higher fatty acid lower alkanol amide of 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety.
• a method for the production of textilewebs having high porosity and absorbency, with a leather-like surface grain consisting essentially of the steps of roughening a basic fabric of shrinkable cellulose fibers or cellulose synthetic fiber blends having a thread density of 10 to 20 threads per centimeter in warp and weft directions and having a shrinking capacity of 2 to in warp and weft directions, on at least one side in order to raise the height of the pile above the surface of the fabric from 0.4 to 5 mm; optionally stretching the fabric in the warp or weft direction up to 7%; impregnating at least one side of the fabric with an aqueous fluid foam containing a dispersion of a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above 120C, until the foam penetrates at least completely through the pile with said fluid foam being worked into the basic fabric until the fibers are saturated with and covered by said fluid foam to a substantial degree; said aqueous fluid foam dispersion containing, prior to foaming, (a) from 10 to 40% by weight
• butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers acrylic acid ester-vinyl chloride copolymers and acrylic acid-acrylic acid ester copolymers, (b) from 1 to 10% by weight of a wetting agent or a foaming agent, and (c) from 0.05 to 15% by weight of a foam stabilizer selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and a higher fatty acid lower alkanol amide of 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety, said aqueous dispersion having a viscosity of not more than 1000 cp, prior to foaming, and being foamed with air or any other gas in a volumetric ratio of 1:3 to 1:10; drying the impregnated fabric; heating the dried impregnated fabric at to C for a time sufficient to harden said polymeric compound, shrinking the dried impregnated fabric by treatment with hot water or steam; and recovering said textile webs having a high porosity and absorbency with a leather-like surface
• a method for the production of textile webs having high porosity and absorbency, with a leather-like surface grain consisting essentially of the steps of roughening'a basic fabric of shrinkable fibers having a thread density of 10 to 20 threads per centimeter in warp and weft directions and having a shrinking capacity of 2 to 15% in warp and weft directions, on at least one side in order to raise the height of the pile above the surface of the fabric from about 0.4 to 5 mm; optionally stretching the fabric in the warp or weft direction up to 7%; impregnating one side of the fabric with an aqueous fluid foam containing a dispersion of a polymeric compound hardenable at a temperature above 120C, until the foam penetrates at least completely through the pile with "said fluid foam being worked into the basic fabric until the fibers are saturated with and covered by said fluid foam to a substantial degree; intermediately drying the fabric; impregnating the fabric on the other side thereof with said aqueous fluid foam; again drying the impregnated fabric

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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Citations (8)

• 0
  • BE BE793340D patent/BE793340A/xx unknown
• 1971
  • 1971-12-27 DE DE2164852A patent/DE2164852A1/de active Pending
• 1972
  • 1972-11-13 US US305804A patent/US3927229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1972-11-15 CA CA156,504A patent/CA965593A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-11-29 NL NL7216198A patent/NL7216198A/xx unknown
  • 1972-12-25 JP JP47129428A patent/JPS4872301A/ja active Pending
  • 1972-12-26 FR FR7246208A patent/FR2166026B1/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (8)

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