US3924407A - Exhaust emission control device - Google Patents

Exhaust emission control device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3924407A
US3924407A US406956A US40695673A US3924407A US 3924407 A US3924407 A US 3924407A US 406956 A US406956 A US 406956A US 40695673 A US40695673 A US 40695673A US 3924407 A US3924407 A US 3924407A
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United States
Prior art keywords
engine
exhaust
passage
recombustion
exhaust gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US406956A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yukio Hosho
Yoshishige Oyama
Kimiji Karino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
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Publication of US3924407A publication Critical patent/US3924407A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/38—Arrangements for igniting

Definitions

  • a thermal reactor or after-burner is employed in devices for removing noxious components of an exhaust emission vented to atmosphere by mixing secondary air with exhaust gases from the engine and subjecting such mixture to recombustion so as to burn unburnt components contained in large volumes in the exhaust gases from the engine.
  • removal of noxious components of exhaust gases may be carried out by recombustion with a high degree of efficiency, it is necessary that recombustion of the noxious components be effected over a wide range of engine speeds or it is necessary that recombustion be started as early as possible after the engine is started.
  • This invention has as its object the provision of an exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine which obviates the disadvantages of the prior art and which permits exhaust gases from the engine to be subjected to recombustion as soon the engine is started whereby noxious components of the exhaust gases can be removed satisfactorily.
  • an exhaust emission pulsation reducing mechanism comprising throttle means or control means is provided in a passageway for the movement of the exhaust emission from the engine to means of recombustion, so that exhaust gases can be supplied to the means of recombustion through the throttle means or the like when the engine is started or it is being warmed up and the effect of pulsation of exhaust gases on their recombustion can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the exhaust emission control device of the vortex afterburner type comprising one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view showing the control valve of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic vertical sectional views of exhaust emission control devices comprising other embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the temperature of combustion gases in the means of recombustion
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the exhaust emission control device of the afterburner type comprising still another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line VII- VII of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 1 is an exhaust inlet port, 2 an exhaust passage, 3 an after-burner, 4 a gas nozzle for supplying noxious exhaust gases from the engine through the exhaust passage 2 to the after-burner 3 in vortex flow, 5 a secondary air passage for introducing secondary air for recombustion delivered as by an air pump into the after-burner 3 in vortex flow, and 6 an ignition plug mounted in the after-burner 3.
  • 7 is an exhaust emission outlet port for venting the exhaust gases to atmosphere as through a muffler (not shown) after the exhaust gas are rendered clean by recombustion, 8 a control valve mounted in the exhaust passage 2, 9 a throttle opening formed in the control valve 8, and 10 a valve stem integral with the control valve 8.
  • 11 is a bimetal member connected at one end thereof to the valve stem 10 and fixed at the other end to an immovable member (not shown).
  • 12 is a hot gas inlet passage while 13 is a hot gas outlet passage.
  • 14 is a lever secured to the valve stem 10 for opening and closing the control valve 8.
  • 15 is a diaphragm means connected by a link to the level 14.
  • 16 is a negative pressure passage for transmitting the pressure in an intake manifold to the diaphragm means 15 therethrough.
  • 17 is a bypass passage for bypassing an exhaust gas stream introduced through the exhaust inlet port 1.
  • 18 is a throttle opening formed in the bypass passage 17.
  • 19 is a rod connecting the lever 14 to a choke mechanism of a carburetor (not shown), and 20 a rod connecting the lever 14 to a carburetor throttling or accelerating mechanism.
  • noxious exhaust gases from the engine are introduced into the exhaust emission control device through the exhaust passage 2 and converted into a stream of vortex flow by the gas nozzle 4 tangentially mounted at an entrance to the after-burner 3.
  • the stream of exhaust gases in vortex flow is mixed with secondary air introduced through the secondary air passage 5 into the after-burner 3, and the mixture is ignited by the ignition plug 6.
  • the exhaust gases are subjected to recombustion so as to remove noxious components therefrom and render them clean.
  • the exhaust emission pulsation reducing mechanism provided by the invention to reduce the pulsation of an exhaust emission and permit the exhaust gases to be burned again thoroughly comprises the control valve 8 formed with the throttle opening 9 and mounted in the exhaust passage 2.
  • the control valve 8 is closed when the engine is started and while it is being warmed up so as to reduce changes in the rate of flow of the exhaust emission.
  • the mechanism can achieve satisfactory results if it is actuated when pulsation of the exhaust emission becomes larger with engine idling or at low load and low speed.
  • the exhaust emission pulsation reducing mechanism shown in FIG. 1 operates such that a high temperature gas produced by recombustion in the after-burner 3 is circulated through the hot gas inlet passage 12 and hot gas outlet passage 13 to the bimetal member 10, and the control valve 8 is opened and closed by the bimetal member which responds to the temperature of the hot gas from the afterburner 3. As the control valve 8 is closed, pulsation of the exhaust gases can be reduced by means of the throttle opening 9.
  • control valve 8 is opened and closed by the diaphragm means 15 actuated by changes in the pressure in an intake manifold.
  • the pressure in the intake manifold is transmitted through the negative pressure passage 16 to the diaphragm means 15 so that the control valve can be opened and closed.
  • the pressure in the intake manifold shows no great fall while the engine operates at cranking speed immediately after being started, so that the rod 19 connected to the choke mechanism is provided to forcedly close the control valve 8.
  • FIG. 4 operates such that the control valve 8 mounted in the exhaust passage 2 is opened and closed in conjunction with the operation of an accelerating or throttling mechanism to which the valve is connected through the rod 20.
  • the throttle opening 18 is formed in the bypass passage 17. This embodiment achieves the same results in operation as the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows changes in the temperature of exhaust gases in the exhaust emission control device of the after-burner type incorporating therein the invention and the temperature of exhaust gases in the same type of the prior art device. It will be seen that the exhaust gases in the after-burner according to the invention are quickly heated, so that the invention can clean the exhaust emission with high efficiency.
  • control valve 8 can be opened and closed by means of a solenoid by sensing the temperature of burning gases in the after-burner or the temperature of walls of the after-burner.
  • the exhaust emission pulsation reducing mechanism is incorporated in an exhaust emission control device of the type in which the after-burner 3 consists of a precombustion chamber 31, a first combustion chamber 32 and a second combustion chamber 33 and an exhaust emission is introduced tangentially into the precombustion chamber 31. Air is introduced also tangentially into the first and second combustion chambers 32 and 33 through secondary air branch passages 51 and 52 and ports 51a and 52a respectively from the secondary air passage 5.
  • the secondary air passage 5 also has another branch passage 53 vented to atmosphere and provided with a valve 54 which is operatively connected through a connector 55 to the control valve 8 so that the valve 54 may be closed when the control valve 8 is closed.
  • the exhaust gases supplied into the precombustion chamber 31 are introduced in vortex flow into the first combustion chamber 32 into which air is supplied tangentially through the first port 51a so that laminar combustion takes place.
  • the exhaust gases move in vortex flow into the second combustion chamber 33 into which air is supplied tangentially through the second port 52a.
  • the control valve 8 is closed when the engine is at low temperature and being warmed up immediately after it is started, and at the same time the valve 54 in the air branch passage 53 is also closed to supply a relatively large volume of air to the first and second combustion chambers 31 and 32.
  • a rich air-fuel mixture is supplied to the engine when it is started or being warmed up and exhaust gases naturally contain large proportions of unburnt noxious components. Therefore, it is desirable to supply a large volume of air to the after-burner at this time. With a rise in the temperature in the engine, the proportions of unburnt noxious exhaust components decrease. At this time, the valve 54 is opened to reduce the volume of air supplied to the after-burner.
  • the air pump is operated by the vehicle engine and consequently the volume of air supplied to the after-burner per unit hour increases with an increase in the number of revolutions of the engine.
  • the invention is effective to increase the supply of air to the after-burner when the engine temperature is low, so that air can be supplied to the after-burner in a volume necessary for burning exhaust gases per unit volume thereof.
  • the supplied air volume is larger when the engine temperature is lower.
  • An exhaust emission control device for rendering noxious exhaust gases from an engine clean by supplying air thereto and subjecting them to recombustion, comprising an exhaust emission pulsation reducing means disposed mediately in a passage of an exhaust emission introduced from the engine to recombustion means for throttling the exhaust gases flowing through said passage when the engine is started and while it is being warmed up, and for enlarging the cross-sectional area of the passage when the engine operates at higher speeds, wherein recombustion is effected in an afterburner comprising a precombustion chamber, a first combustion chamber downstream of said precombustion chamber, and a second combustion chamber to said first and second combustion chambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
US406956A 1972-10-20 1973-10-16 Exhaust emission control device Expired - Lifetime US3924407A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47104474A JPS5132770B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-20 1972-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3924407A true US3924407A (en) 1975-12-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US406956A Expired - Lifetime US3924407A (en) 1972-10-20 1973-10-16 Exhaust emission control device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3924407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5132770B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2352160A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2204219A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1428758A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100099052A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2010-04-22 Jfe Steel Corporation Tubular flame burner and combustion control method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3600373C2 (de) * 1985-02-12 1995-06-01 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Partikelfiltersystem mit porösem Filtermaterial für gasförmige Medien
DE3940747C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1989-12-09 1990-07-12 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981057A (en) * 1959-08-20 1961-04-25 Buttler John Allen Combination muffler and after burner
US3234924A (en) * 1962-07-12 1966-02-15 Michael G May Process and apparatus for reducing the amount of incompletely burned produts of combustion in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3577728A (en) * 1969-03-19 1971-05-04 Joe W Von Brimer Exhaust gas processing system
US3805523A (en) * 1971-05-14 1974-04-23 Toyoto Chuo Kunkyusho Kk Vortex combustor type manifold reactor for exhaust gas purification

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2981057A (en) * 1959-08-20 1961-04-25 Buttler John Allen Combination muffler and after burner
US3234924A (en) * 1962-07-12 1966-02-15 Michael G May Process and apparatus for reducing the amount of incompletely burned produts of combustion in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3577728A (en) * 1969-03-19 1971-05-04 Joe W Von Brimer Exhaust gas processing system
US3805523A (en) * 1971-05-14 1974-04-23 Toyoto Chuo Kunkyusho Kk Vortex combustor type manifold reactor for exhaust gas purification

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100099052A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2010-04-22 Jfe Steel Corporation Tubular flame burner and combustion control method
US20100104991A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2010-04-29 Jfe Steel Corporation Tubular flame burner
US8944809B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2015-02-03 Jfe Steel Corporation Tubular flame burner and combustion control method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1428758A (en) 1976-03-17
DE2352160A1 (de) 1974-05-09
FR2204219A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-17
JPS5132770B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-09-14
JPS4963817A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-20

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