US3922583A - Method and means for increasing the operating range of gas panel displays - Google Patents

Method and means for increasing the operating range of gas panel displays Download PDF

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Publication number
US3922583A
US3922583A US483759A US48375974A US3922583A US 3922583 A US3922583 A US 3922583A US 483759 A US483759 A US 483759A US 48375974 A US48375974 A US 48375974A US 3922583 A US3922583 A US 3922583A
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Prior art keywords
pulses
sustain
conductors
alternating
panel
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US483759A
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English (en)
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Conrad Lanza
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US483759A priority Critical patent/US3922583A/en
Priority to GB18672/75A priority patent/GB1504365A/en
Priority to FR7516542A priority patent/FR2276684A1/fr
Priority to JP50062026A priority patent/JPS513820A/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/26—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using discharge tubes
    • G11C11/28—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using discharge tubes using gas-filled tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/2807—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels with discharge activated by high-frequency signals specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • FIG. 4A 140 q V V 80 v V V r V 60 200V V TIME ()JS) GAS
  • FIG. 4B
  • the present invention relates to gas discharge display and memory devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying sustain voltage pulses to gas discharge display and memory panels of the A. C. variety.
  • Gas panels of the type to which the present invention is directed are well known in the art.
  • the gas panels of the type to which the present invention is directed typically have two glass plates maintained in spaced-apart relationship, and are arranged to have sealed between the spaced-apart plates, an ionizable medium.
  • an ionizable medium To provide matrix addressability whereby selected local regions within the ionizable medium may be selectively ionized, sets of horizontal and vertical conductors are employed.
  • the set of horizontal conductors comprises an array of parallel insulated conductors arranged on the inner surface of one plate and horizontally extending thereacross.
  • the set of vertical conductors comprise an array of parallel insulated conductors arranged on the inner surface of the other plate vertically extending thereacross, generally orthogonal to the parallel horizontal conductors.
  • ionization occurs at the crossover point of the two conductors whereby light is emitted.
  • the crossover points are referred to as cells and a display pattern or image is formed by ionizing selected cells.
  • Operation of the gas panel of the variety above described typically involves continuous application of periodic alternating sustain signals to the sets of horizon tal and vertical conductors.
  • one set of conductors is driven positive while the other set of conductors is driven negative.
  • the voltage signals are reversed.
  • the sustaining signals are not sufficient to ionize the ionizable gaseous medium.
  • a write voltage is typically superimposed upon the sustain voltage at the appropriate horizontal and vertical conductors.
  • an erase voltage of appropriate waveform is superimposed upon the sustain voltage.
  • the current which flows during this short time deposits a substantial charge on the cell walls. Since the first arriving sustain voltage pulse following the write operation is opposite in polarity to the write pulse, and thus is of the same polarity as the charge stored on the cell walls during the write operation, the cell again ionizes since the sum of the applied sustain voltage and the voltage of the stored charge is sufficient in magnitude to effect such ionization. Since the sustain pulse during this second ionization is opposite in polarity to the sustain pulse applied during the initial write operation ionization, the charge accumulated upon the cell walls reverses during the second ionization.
  • the second arriving sustain pulse following the initial write operation will have the same polarity as that of the charge accumulated during the second ionization such that the sum of the voltages across the cell is sufficient to again effect ionization, and the process continues on in alternating fashion until an erase pulse is applied.
  • the cell ionizable gaseous medium ordinarily contains some free electrons and positive ions, and pilot lights may be deployed around the edge of the panel to establish a suitable background level of ionization.
  • pilot lights may be deployed around the edge of the panel to establish a suitable background level of ionization.
  • the operating margin or window is poor, i.e. narrow.
  • the operating margin may be defined as the difference between the minimum sustain voltage required to be applied to sustain ionization of previously written cells and the maximum sustain voltage which may be applied before unwritten cells begin to turn on.
  • the normal end-of-life of a gas discharge display panel occurs when the operating margin of the panel, as a whole, is reduced below a tolerable magnitude.
  • the life of the panel is unacceptably short.
  • the life of a gas discharge display panel having a narrow operating margin may be extended. to some degree, by fabricating same within close physical tolerances, such constraints act to make manufacturing costs prohibitive.
  • alternating sustain pulses having a frequency range of from 40 to K Hz and a risetime range of from 1.8 to 2.2 t See. will act to increase the operating margin by at least percent, while other perameters such as the controllability, addressability, etc., remain the same.
  • FIG. 1 shows a total display system using the sustain drive circuitry method and apparatus, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plot of experimental data verifying the trend of operating margin increase with increasing frequency, using 2.0 p, Sec. risetime pulses.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plot of the gas discharge breakdown characteristics, as a function of time, for four different amplitudes of the applied voltage V with each of the applied voltages having negligible risetimes.
  • FIG. 4a shows a plot of the gas discharge breakdown characteristics, as a function of time, for various amplitudes of the applied voltage, V,,, with each of the ap plied voltages having a 2 u Sec. risetime.
  • FIG. 4b shows a schematic representation of how the applied voltage V, appears across the ionizable gas and dielectric medium in a gas discharge display and memory cell, according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plot of the charge transfer characteristics for a 33 K Hz sustain pulse with 2 pi Sec. rise-time as compared to a 50 K Hz sustain pulse with a 2 t See. risetime, each applied to neon with traces of argon at approximately 600 Torr.
  • the number of column and row drive lines correspond, respectively, to the number of horizontal and vertical insulated conductors in gas panel 1 whereby, an MxN matrix array of display cells may be selectively addressed by appropriate application of write-erase select pulses to appropriate ones of the row and column drive lines.
  • the selection scheme is a matter of design choice, typically half-select write and erase pulses are employed. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, if it was desired to turn on, i.e. write the display cell at the intersection of drive lines R, and C write pulses would be superimposed via pulse generators 3 and 5, upon the out of phase sustain pulses applied to the R and C, drive lines to thereby increase the effective amplitude of the sustain pulses for the duration of these write pulses. For half-select operation, the out of phase write pulses are of equal amplitude. Likewise, as is well known to those skilled in the art, half-select erase pulses may be superimposed upon the 180 out of phase sustain pulses to provide selective erase operations.
  • the sets of row and column writeerase pulse generators 33N and 5-5N act 0t superimpose write-erase pulses upon out of phase sustain pulses in response to write and erase signal indications from row and column decode logic circuitry 7 and 9, respectively.
  • any of a variety of data may be digitally displayed upon gas panel 1.
  • the gas panel is employed to display alpha-numeric information in cooperation with a digital processor.
  • digital processor 11 may readily act to control row and column decode logic circuitry 7 and 9 so as to display selected information therefrom.
  • wave shaper circuits l3 and 15 and pulse oscilator 17 act to produce sustain pulses, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, will be more fully understood with reference to a description FIGS. 2-5.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plot of the maximum sustain voltage V Max. and minimum sustain voltage V Min. as a function of frequency.
  • V Max. may be defined as that voltage above which previously unwritten cells begin to turn on while V Min. may be defined as that voltage below which ionization will not be sustained upon the application of a write pulse.
  • the plot of FIG. 2 experimentally verifies that the operating range increases with increasing frequency, the increasing margin being achieved mainly by an increasing of V Max. with only a slight increase in V Min.
  • the measured voltage points of FIG, 2 were obtained using neon gas with 0.001 argon at a pressure of 600 Torr.
  • the dielectric covering the horizontal and vertical lines of the panel was coated with MgO, as described in the above mentioned copending application.
  • the gap of the panel was 6.6 mils.
  • a single cell was employed to make the measurements, with the plus signs in the plot indicating measurements, made with the adjacent cells ignited, and the circled dots indicating measurements made with the adjacent cells turned off.
  • this plot reflects the results of measurements made upon a particular panel atrangement, it should be recognized that the main purpose of this plot is to verify the expansion trend of the operating margin with increasing frequency, and that similar trends could likewise be realized using panel arrangements with different perameters.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plot of typical gas breakdown charac teristics for a typical A.C. gas panel arrangement wherein the panel is driven with voltage pulses having substantially no, or very little, risetime. It is to be understood, that the plot of FIG. 3 is not necessarily to scale, but is merely depicted to show the general manner in wich the ionizable gas behaves with increasing applied voltages. As can be seen, the general relationship is such that ionization of the gas and voltage breakdown thereacross occurs more quickly with increasing magnitudes of the applied voltage V,,. Thus, for the lowest of the applied voltages it can be seen that the voltage drop across the gas V, does not break down until the voltage has been applied for around 3.0 1.1. See.
  • FIG. 2 the discovered trend plotted in FIG. 2 is representative of what occurs with applied voltages having risetimes within the range of 1.8 to 2.2 p. Sec., while the breakdown characteristics shown in FIG. 3 are representative of what occurs with applied voltage pulses having negligible risetimes.
  • the purpose of introducing risetimes of from 1.8 to 2.2 a See. will be more fully explained hereinafter. Suffice it to say at this point that the trend shown in FIG. 2 would also hold true with applied voltage pulses having a negligible risetime, but the expanded operating margin would occur at frequencies around 200 K Hz, i.e. ISO to 220 K Hz.
  • FIG. 4a shows the voltage breakdown characteristics as a function of time, for a mixture of neon and argon gas, for various amplitudes of the applied voltage pulses V
  • the voltage pulses V have a risetime of approximately 2 t See.
  • FIG. 2 indicates that an improved operating margin may be achieved by utilizing alternating voltage pulses which have time durations between approximately I5 and 6 ,1 Sec.
  • alternating sustain voltage pulses within such a frequency range will cause the gas discharge display and memory device to operate within the range of breakdown points of the family breakdown points, for typically applied break down voltages.
  • the region of breakdown typically extends between approximately 2 p. Sec. and 3 p. Sec.
  • typical alternating sustain pulse operation in the prior art utilizes sustain pulse frequencies anywhere from to K Hz which correspond to pulse durations of between 20 Sec. and 14.3 p. See.
  • effective operation in accordance with the principles of the present invention, would be achieved by utilizing sustain pulses which terminate at around 2.5 ;.t See.
  • the lower magnitude sustain pulses will not act to breakdown the ionizable gas since they will terminate before such occurs, and thus V Max. is increased.
  • a 2.5 p. Sec. pulse corresponds to a 200 K Hz alternating sustain signal, and alternating sustain signals at this frequency level act to maintain ionization of the gas con tinuously, i.e. do not permit deionization between firings. It is evident that alternating sustain pulses which do not permit deionization cannot be employed, since under such conditions an ionized cell cannot be erased. Accordingly, operating gas discharged display and memory devices with sustain pulses which terminate within the region of gas breakdown and maximum current, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, cannot be realized utilizing sustain pulses with little or no risetime since such operation would require sustain pulse frequencies too high to permit deionization.
  • the above mentioned difficulty is overcome, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, by the technique of obviating the need for such high frequencies by utilizing pulses with a relatively slow risetime.
  • the effect of using a relatively slow risetime pulse is to reduce the ionization rate, and therefore delay ionization.
  • the general region of ionization and gas breakdown is sufficiently shifted, time-wise, to a point on the frequency scale which permits deionization between pulses and, accordingly, optimum operation.
  • sustain pulse risetimes of between [.8 and 2.2 p. Sec. effectively achieve the desired results whereby the alternating sustain pulses effectively terminate within the region of ionization, at frequencies which permit deionization.
  • ionization is suf ficiently weak such that visibility of discharge is inadequate.
  • gas breakdown occurs after such a short time interval, as hereinabove indicated, that the frequency required to terminate pulses within the range of this interval is too high to permit deionization.
  • alternating sustain pulses having a frequency between 40 K Hz and 80 K Hz may be used, it is clear that the better results are achieved at the upper end of the frequency range, i.e. at the higher frequencies. This is brought out by the plot of FIG. 2 wherein it can be seen that the best operating margin is up around 80 K Hz.
  • the higher frequencies are selected so long as the condition of non-deionization is not encountered.
  • alternating sustain pulse signals having a frequency of approximately 80 K Hz have been found to provide the best operating margin, while at the same time sufficiently avoiding the condition of non-deionization.
  • alternating sustain pulse signals of 60 and K Hz also provide nearly as good an operating margin.
  • the 50 K Hz charge transfer characteristic shown in FIG. 5 was depicted merely to show the manner by which the operating margin is improved, as compared to, for example, the 33 K Hz charge transfer characteristic. It is evident, that the charge transfer characteristics for signals higher than 50 K Hz would generally follow the 50 K Hz characteristic, somewhat to the right thereof.
  • the percentage improvement in operating margin between the 33 K Hz charge transfer characteristic and the 50 K Hz charge transfer characteristic is the most significant in this example, and the same percentage improvement in operating margin would not necessarily be obtained by increasing the frequency the same number of K Hz upwardly from the 50 K Hz transfer characteristic.
  • alternating sustain signals having a frequency between 40 K Hz and K Hz and a risetime between 1.8 p. Sec. and 2.2 p. See, are employed to drive an AC. gas discharge display and memory panel.
  • the gas discharge display and memory panel may comprise a neon-argon mixture of, for example, neon plus 0.001 argon, at a pressure of, for example,
  • FIG. I The manner of driving an AC. gas discharge display and memory device with sustain pulses, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, may be implemented in the manner shown in FIG. I.
  • a complementary output square-wave pulse oscilator 17 is employed to generate equal duration, out-of-phase, square waves pulses, as shown.
  • the positive output pulse signal shown between T, and T is referenced to ground.
  • the negative output pulse produced simultaneously with this positive output pulse is referenced to ground.
  • Square-wave oscilator 17 produces pulses with negligible risetime. It is evident, that each of the output pulses has the same pulse duration, with this duration being selected anywhere from approximately 6 to 12 p. Sec.
  • Wave shapers l3 and 15 respectively act upon the complementray square-wave outputs from oscilator 17 to introduce equal risetimes therein.
  • the risetimes introduced by wave shapers l3 and 15, although equal, may be anywhere between L8 and 2.2 u Sec.
  • FIG. 1 shows introducing the risetimes in a separate operation, it is clear that a single generator may be employed to produce the alternating sustain signal of both selected frequency and selected risetime. It is also evident that other write-erase schemes may readily be employed, as is familiar to those skill in the art, rather than the arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
  • a system for driving a gas discharge display and memory panel having rows and columns of insulated conductors which cross one another to form a matrix of memory cells, said system for driving including sustain circuit means for applying alternating sustain voltage pulses between selected ones of said rows and columns of said insulated conductors with said pulses being applied at one phase to selected rows of said conductors and at opposite phase to selected columns of said conductors, the improvement comprising;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of Gas Discharge Display Tubes (AREA)
US483759A 1974-06-27 1974-06-27 Method and means for increasing the operating range of gas panel displays Expired - Lifetime US3922583A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US483759A US3922583A (en) 1974-06-27 1974-06-27 Method and means for increasing the operating range of gas panel displays
GB18672/75A GB1504365A (en) 1974-06-27 1975-05-05 Method of operating a gas discharge panel display device
FR7516542A FR2276684A1 (fr) 1974-06-27 1975-05-21 Procede et dispositif pour accroitre la marge de fonctionnement des panneaux d'affichage a gaz
JP50062026A JPS513820A (fr) 1974-06-27 1975-05-26

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US483759A US3922583A (en) 1974-06-27 1974-06-27 Method and means for increasing the operating range of gas panel displays

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JP (1) JPS513820A (fr)
FR (1) FR2276684A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1504365A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431471A2 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1991-06-12 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Méthode de commande d'un panneau d'affichage à décharge à gaz

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573542A (en) * 1968-03-28 1971-04-06 Control Data Corp Gaseous display control
US3673460A (en) * 1970-09-15 1972-06-27 Owens Illinois Inc Low voltage pulse system for addressing gas discharge display/memory panels
US3761773A (en) * 1968-01-19 1973-09-25 Owens Illinois Inc Interfacing circuitry system for multiple gaseous display/memory unit
US3801861A (en) * 1971-10-12 1974-04-02 Owens Illinois Inc Drive waveform for gas discharge display/memory panel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761773A (en) * 1968-01-19 1973-09-25 Owens Illinois Inc Interfacing circuitry system for multiple gaseous display/memory unit
US3573542A (en) * 1968-03-28 1971-04-06 Control Data Corp Gaseous display control
US3673460A (en) * 1970-09-15 1972-06-27 Owens Illinois Inc Low voltage pulse system for addressing gas discharge display/memory panels
US3801861A (en) * 1971-10-12 1974-04-02 Owens Illinois Inc Drive waveform for gas discharge display/memory panel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0431471A2 (fr) * 1989-12-05 1991-06-12 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Méthode de commande d'un panneau d'affichage à décharge à gaz
EP0431471A3 (en) * 1989-12-05 1992-07-15 Nippon Hoso Kyokai Method for driving a gas discharge display panel

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JPS513820A (fr) 1976-01-13
FR2276684A1 (fr) 1976-01-23
GB1504365A (en) 1978-03-22
FR2276684B1 (fr) 1981-01-09

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