US3921915A - Nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet - Google Patents

Nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3921915A
US3921915A US380014A US38001473A US3921915A US 3921915 A US3921915 A US 3921915A US 380014 A US380014 A US 380014A US 38001473 A US38001473 A US 38001473A US 3921915 A US3921915 A US 3921915A
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United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
piston
cavity
exit
nozzle means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US380014A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lewis A Glenn
Bo Lemcke
Inge Ryhming
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Institut Cerac SA
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Institut Cerac SA
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Publication of USB380014I5 publication Critical patent/USB380014I5/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/10—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in the form of a fine jet, e.g. for use in wind-screen washers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A nozzle device producing a high-speed liquid jet, to be used for example in an apparatus to cut, break, deform, clean or otherwise treat materials, is characterized in that its internal cavity to receive a liquid column has a continuously converging contour lying within the limits defined by the following two equations: a. A/A, ⁇ ,1 (X/L) 1e/A0) 1] ⁇ b.
  • A/A,, ⁇ 1 (X/L) [(Ae/A0)"" 1
  • A is the variable internal cross section of the nozzle cavity
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle entrance
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle exit
  • L is the nozzle length from entrance to exit
  • X is the variable coordinate along the axis of the jet nozzle.
  • the internal cavity of the nozzle of the present inven- This invention relates to a nozzle means producing a 5 tion is approximately hyperbolic in shape. its relative high-speed liquid jet to be used for example in an apparatus to cut, break, deform, clean or otherwise treat materials.
  • a column of liquid is accelerated to moderate velocity, preferably by direct application of gas pressure to one end or, via the action of an intermediate free piston, and is then directed into a converging nozzle of appropriate design.
  • the function of the nozzle is to redistribute the initially more or less uniform energy content of the column such that a small mass fraction at the forward or leading end contains, at discharge, essentially all the energy.
  • the jet stagnation pressure thus derived can be many times the strength e.g. of even the hardest rock materials and can thus serve as a useful tool for excavation, tunneling, mining and a variety of other industrial applications.
  • the prior art contour of the internal cavity of a nozzle schematically illustrated as the upper curve 4 in FIG. 1, has a radius that exponentially decreases with distance from the nozzle entrance. With this nozzle, the relative rate of area change (l/A) (SA/8X) is invariant over the entire contour.
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle entrance;
  • A. is-the value of A at the nozzle exit;
  • FIG. 1 A free piston l strikes an initially motionless column of liquid 2 with initial velocity U,,.
  • the liquid column 2 has length I and cross-sectional area
  • the internal nozzle cavity of the present invention has a surface contour 5 beginning at point 6 and leads to an exit point 7.
  • Contour 4 represents the prior art nozzle contour. Assuming the impedance of the piston l is many times that. of the fluid 2, as is the case for example when steel strikes water, the initial velocity of the liquid 2 atthe piston interface will be approximately U,,.
  • a shock wave will be driven into the liquid with minimum velocity C the sound speed in the undisturbed fluid, and the pressure behind this shock will be at least P p C, U where p,, is the density of the undisturbed fluid.
  • the shock wave When the shock wave has traversed the liquid column 2 it will reflect from the front surface 3 thereof as a rarefaction. As a result of this action, the front surface will be accelerated to a velocity of approximately 2U,,. The rarefaction will travel back towards the piston 1, increasing the velocity of the fluid behind. However, there is also a rarefaction emanating from the piston end since the ambient pressure on the back side of the piston is much lower than the shock induced value P,,.
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle entrance 6; A. is the value of A at the nozzleexit 7; L is the nozzle length from entrance to exit;
  • the nozzle radius will be a hyperbolic function of the running coordinate (X/L).
  • the internal cavity'of the nozzle has an approximately hyperbolic shape, the continuously converging contour of the internal cavity of the nozzle lying within the limits defined by the following two equations:
  • A/A,, 1 (X/L)[(Ae/A0)' 1 where v A is the variable internal cross-section of the nozzle cavity;
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle entrance
  • a ⁇ . is the value of A at the nozzle exit
  • L is the nozzle length from entrance to exit
  • X is the variable coordinate along the axis of the jet nozzle.
  • FIG. 2 depicts some of the results of analysis of the various nozzle contours, based on incompressible flow theory.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a nozzle configuration which eliminates altogether the piston l of FIG. 1.
  • the fluid itself functions as a piston.
  • like elements are designated by like reference numerals.
  • the characteristics of the embodiment of FIG. 5 in In the above table are tabulated the maximum discharge stagnation pressure Po the maximum static pressure ttained anywhere within the nozzle fi the ratio of employs a metallic piston with a nozzle of exponential contour or shape (A).
  • A the maximum static pressure ttained anywhere within the nozzle fi
  • A the maximum static pressure ttained anywhere within the nozzle fi
  • the ratio of employs a metallic piston with a nozzle of exponential contour or shape
  • B hyperbolic con+ tour
  • the stagnation pressure loss can be mainly regained, without the detrimental effect of increased static wall pressure, by eliminating the intermediate piston [third configuration (C), FIG. 5].
  • I09 kb more than 50 times the cornpressive strength I of conventional granite
  • FIG. 3 shows the maximum static pressure distribution in each nozzle as a function of axial position.
  • nozzles designed according to the prior art (A) do /P0, and the energy conversion effi ciency, 'n, for each of three possible configurations.
  • FIG. 4 shows the ratio of fluid velocity to initial velocity as a function of the axial coordinate at the instant of discharge.
  • the prior art design (A) is seen to have a much steeper gradient at the discharge end, the result of the steep pressure gradient within the nozzle shown in FIG. 3.
  • the velocity gradients derived with the nozzle configuration of the present invention are much less severe, although the maximum discharge velocity obtained with design (C) differs by only 7% from that of design (A).
  • P,,,, for design (C) is reduced to 0.25 of that obtained with design (A).
  • the elimination of the piston in design (C) of FIG. 5, aside from the practical advantage gained by simplifying the machine fabrication, serves to increase the efficiency of the energy conversion process by eliminating the impedance mismatch between piston and fluid.
  • a nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet comprising:
  • A is the variable internal cross-section of the nozzle cavity
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle entrance
  • A is the value of A at the nozzle exit
  • L is the nozzle length from entrance to exit
  • X is the variable coordinate along the axis of the jet nozzle.
  • a nozzle means according to claim 1 comprising means rearward of said continuously converging contour of said cavity for retaining a liquid column therein.
  • a nozzle means according to claim 2 comprising a piston located rearward of said liquid column.
  • a nozzle means according to claim 2 wherein said means rearward of said continuously converging eontour of said cavity retains therein a liquid column of substantially constant cross-section along the length thereof.
  • a nozzle means according to claim 1 wherein said continuously converging contour is approximately hyperbolic in shape.

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  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
US380014A 1972-07-19 1973-07-17 Nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet Expired - Lifetime US3921915A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7209464A SE381704B (sv) 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Sett och anordning for generering av vetskestralpulser av hog hastighet for eroderande bearbetning

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
USB380014I5 USB380014I5 (xx) 1975-01-28
US3921915A true US3921915A (en) 1975-11-25

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US380014A Expired - Lifetime US3921915A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-07-17 Nozzle means producing a high-speed liquid jet

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US (1) US3921915A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4985611A (xx)
CA (1) CA1027152A (xx)
CH (1) CH561571A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2335434A1 (xx)
SE (1) SE381704B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA734928B (xx)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3343555A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Dravo Corp., 15222 Pittsburgh, Pa. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschleunigung von fluessigkeitsmengen
US4622714A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-18 Sherman Industries, Inc. Fluid stripping apparatus
US4762277A (en) * 1982-12-06 1988-08-09 Briggs Technology Inc. Apparatus for accelerating slugs of liquid
US4863101A (en) * 1982-12-06 1989-09-05 Acb Technology Corporation Accelerating slugs of liquid
US5782414A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Nathenson; Richard D. Contoured supersonic nozzle
EP0862950A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Spraying Systems Co. High-pressure cleaning spray nozzle
US20050241804A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Foxconn Technology Co.,Ltd Liquid cooling device
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US20100276506A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Pattom Matthew J Nozzles for a fluid jet decoking tool
US20160265557A1 (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect
US20160298656A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2016-10-13 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect
US10422351B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2019-09-24 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect having a plurality of subpassageways and motive exits in the motive section

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088854A (en) * 1960-11-08 1963-05-07 Air Reduction Methods and apparatus for cutting
US3343794A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-09-26 Vyacheslavovich Bogdan Jet nozzle for obtaining high pulse dynamic pressure heads
US3520477A (en) * 1968-02-23 1970-07-14 Exotech Pneumatically powered water cannon
US3647137A (en) * 1970-10-20 1972-03-07 Environment One Corp Hydraulic chamber incorporating a jet nozzle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3088854A (en) * 1960-11-08 1963-05-07 Air Reduction Methods and apparatus for cutting
US3343794A (en) * 1965-07-12 1967-09-26 Vyacheslavovich Bogdan Jet nozzle for obtaining high pulse dynamic pressure heads
US3520477A (en) * 1968-02-23 1970-07-14 Exotech Pneumatically powered water cannon
US3647137A (en) * 1970-10-20 1972-03-07 Environment One Corp Hydraulic chamber incorporating a jet nozzle

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4762277A (en) * 1982-12-06 1988-08-09 Briggs Technology Inc. Apparatus for accelerating slugs of liquid
US4863101A (en) * 1982-12-06 1989-09-05 Acb Technology Corporation Accelerating slugs of liquid
DE3343555A1 (de) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-07 Dravo Corp., 15222 Pittsburgh, Pa. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beschleunigung von fluessigkeitsmengen
US4622714A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-18 Sherman Industries, Inc. Fluid stripping apparatus
US5782414A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Nathenson; Richard D. Contoured supersonic nozzle
EP0862950A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-09 Spraying Systems Co. High-pressure cleaning spray nozzle
US7143815B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2006-12-05 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Liquid cooling device
US20050241804A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Foxconn Technology Co.,Ltd Liquid cooling device
US7476352B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2009-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US20070154708A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2007-07-05 Wilson Bruce B Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
US20050258562A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-11-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Lubricated flow fiber extrusion
US8481157B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2013-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Melt extruded fibers and methods of making the same
US20100276506A1 (en) * 2009-05-04 2010-11-04 Pattom Matthew J Nozzles for a fluid jet decoking tool
US10077403B2 (en) * 2009-05-04 2018-09-18 Flowserve Management Company Nozzles for a fluid jet decoking tool
US10370594B2 (en) 2009-05-04 2019-08-06 Flowserve Management Company Nozzles for a fluid jet decoking tool
US20160265557A1 (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect
US10443627B2 (en) * 2015-03-09 2019-10-15 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Vacuum producing device having a suction passageway and a discharge passageway entering through the same wall
US20160298656A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2016-10-13 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect
US10316864B2 (en) * 2015-04-13 2019-06-11 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect
US10422351B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2019-09-24 Dayco Ip Holdings, Llc Devices for producing vacuum using the venturi effect having a plurality of subpassageways and motive exits in the motive section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1027152A (en) 1978-02-28
DE2335434A1 (de) 1974-01-31
USB380014I5 (xx) 1975-01-28
SE381704B (sv) 1975-12-15
ZA734928B (en) 1974-06-26
CH561571A5 (xx) 1975-05-15
JPS4985611A (xx) 1974-08-16

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