US3921710A - Heat pipe and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Heat pipe and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3921710A
US3921710A US390419A US39041973A US3921710A US 3921710 A US3921710 A US 3921710A US 390419 A US390419 A US 390419A US 39041973 A US39041973 A US 39041973A US 3921710 A US3921710 A US 3921710A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wick
heat pipe
hollow
outer cylinder
wound
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Expired - Lifetime
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US390419A
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English (en)
Inventor
Masayoshi Katayama
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Tokico Ltd
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Tokico Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3921710A publication Critical patent/US3921710A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/496—Multiperforated metal article making
    • Y10T29/49602—Coil wound wall screen

Definitions

  • a heat pipe comprises a hollow wick impregnated [52] U.S. Cl. 165/105; 29/1573 R; 29/1635 Cw; with a liquid heat medium and an outer tubular cylin- 29/477 3 der within which the wick is installed and hermetically [51] Int. Cl F28d 15/00 l Th i k i made up of a ribbon-shaped mate- Field of Search 165/105; 29/1573 R, 477.3, 29/163.5 R, 163.5 CW, 163.5 F
  • FIG.1 PRIOR ART FIG.1
  • the present invention relates generally to heat pipes and more particularly to a heat pipe having a wick construction such as to effectively transfer a liquid heat medium by capillary action from a condensing section to a heating section, and also to a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a heat pipe comprises a hollow sealed vessel, a wick material disposed on the inner wall surface of this vessel, and an evaporative liquid heat medium impregnated in the wick material.
  • the function of the wick is to transfer by capillary action the liquid heat medium which has been condensed in the condensing section of the heat pipe to the heating section (evaporation part).
  • wick materials used hitherto are netting of extremely fine mesh made of wire materials of metals such as SuS and Cu, netting of extremely fine mesh of non-metal materials such glass fiber and fireproof fabrics, and sintered alloys of fine granular structure.
  • the netting materials have the advantages of simple composition and low cost of production but, on the other hand, have had the following drawbacks.
  • the wick does not easily and smoothly bend, whereby the heat pipe becomes bent. Furthermore, the wick easily separates from the outer cylinder.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat pipe having a new wick construction and a method of producing the same.
  • a feature of this wick construction is that a wick net ribbon having a suitable width is wound in a helical form.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a heat pipe having a multilayer wick construction wherein wick netting ribbons constituting the multiple layers are alternately wound in opposite helical winding directions. This structural feature affords high resistance to separation between the wick layers and effective transfer due to capillary action of the liquid heat medium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view, with a part cut out, for a description of the operation of the heat pipe of known type
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view for the description of an intermediate step of winding a wick netting ribbon in the process of forming a wick for the heat pipe of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view, with a part cut away, of an exemplary embodiment of a heat pipe according to the invention.
  • the outer cylinder 11 of this heat pipe has the shape of a hollow cylinder or tube with closed ends, the interior space thereof being hermetically sealed from the outside.
  • a wick 12 is disposed to extend along the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 11 and is impregnated with a liquid heat medium such as water, acetone, ammonia or methanol, etc.
  • heat applied to the outer cylinder 11 in the heating part A at one end of heat pipe 10 is transferred to the cooling part B at the other end of the heat pipe 10 and is there discharged, whereby heat transfer is accomplished.
  • the liquid heat medium which has condensed in the wick 12 at the cooling part B is conveyed by capillary action through the wick 12 to the heating part A. Thereafter, in the same manner, the above described operation is repeated continuously, and the heat medium thereby undergoes repeated circulation.
  • the intimate contact of the wick 12 to the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 11 has a great influence on the perfor mance of the above mentioned heating and cooling parts and on the contact thermal resistivity within the heat pipe, and becomes an important factor determining the performance of the heat pipe. Furthermore, in the case where the heat pipe is to be used in a deflected or curved state, it is necessary to prevent the wick from buckling and separating from the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 11.
  • the present invention contemplates the provision of a high performance heat pipe in which the above mentioned problems are solved by the incorporation therewithin of a wick of a construction as described below.
  • a wick material 20 having meshes and having the shape of a ribbon of relatively narrow width and long length as indicated in FIG. 2 is prepared.
  • a suitable material heretofore used as a wick material is used in the form of many strands disposed in the width and length directions to form netting meshes.
  • This ribbon wick material 20 is wound helically around a mandrel 21 of an outer diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the vapor passageway 13 of the heat pipe in which the wick is to be formed. During this winding, the starting end of the wick material is cut beforehand or after winding so that the final end edge a of the wick will be perpendicular to the axis of the mandrel 21. In addition, the end edge is hemstitched or bound with a binding fiber or wire to prevent unraveling thereof.
  • the wick material 10 is wound preferably helically in one direction around the mandrel 21 in a manner such that adjacent lateral edge parts of the wound wick material do not overlap but are in mutually intimate contact without gaps therebetween.
  • the adjacent edge parts of the wick material 20 thus wound are stitched together with the same binding fiber or wire as mentioned above, as shown at 22.
  • the terminal part of the material is cut at right angles to the heat pipe axis, similarly as in the case of the winding starting part, and stitching is carried out.
  • a cylindrical wick 23 of one layer is formed.
  • the wick material 20 is wound over the first wick layer 23 in a helical winding direction opposite that of the first wick layer thereby to form a second wick layer. In this manner, this helical winding in alternately opposite directions is repeatedly carried out until the desired number of layers is obtained.
  • the two ends of the wick thus obtained are stitch-bound or otherwise finished by a procedure such as welding, brazing, or bonding with an adhesive. Thereafter, the mandrel 21 is extracted.
  • a wick of the desired length, diameter, and number of layers can be fabricated (see FIG. 3).
  • the angle of inclination of the wick material 20 relative to the axis of the mandrel 21 i.e., the angle between the axial direction of the mandrel 21 and the direction of the lateral edges of the wick material 20
  • the resulting wick has maximum flexibility.
  • the width W of the wick material 20 is selected to satisfy the equation W vrD/
  • the wick 30 formed in the above described manner is inserted into an outer cylinder 31 as indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the wick 30 is expanded outward from its hollow interior thereby to force the outer surface of the wick 30 into intimate contact with the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 31.
  • this expansion tool is simply a sphere of an appropriate diameter which is forced through the hollow interior of the wick 30 within the outer cylinder 31 from one end of the wick to the other (not shown)v
  • the wick 30 will have a natural tendency to expand outward since it is made up of helically wound wick material, whereby the intimate contact between the wick and the outer cylinder 31 will be further improved.
  • the wick since the strands of the netting meshes of the wick material forming the wick 30 extend at an inclination (preferably 45) relative to the axial direction of the wick 30, the wick has the ready tendency to expand as a result of axial compressive force imparted thereto, whereby it contacts firmly and intimately against the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 31.
  • the wick 30 is made up of a few layers, eg one or two layers, it is possible to cause it to expand into intimate contact with the inner surface of the outer cylinder 31 without the use of an expansion tool, by pulling the wick 30 beforehand slightly in the axial direction to cause a reduction in the diameter thereof, inserting the wick in this condition into the outer cylinder 31, and then applying an axial compression in reverse to the wick.
  • end cover 32 is secured to each end of the outer end of the outer cylinder 31 thereby to render the outer cylinder into a hermetically sealed vessel. Thereafter, the interior of the outer cylinder 31 is evacuated by an evacuating device, such as a vacuum pump, and the wick 30 is impregnated with a liquid heat medium.
  • the end covers 32 may be provided separately with wick material secured to their inner surfaces.
  • a heat pipe 33 according to the invention is completed (FIG. 3).
  • this wick is formed by winding a wick material of ribbon form into a helical structure as described above, the wick tends to expand when an axially compressing force is applied thereto as described above, whereby the diameter of the wick is caused to expand and the wick contacts intimately the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the contact thermal resistance in the interior of 2, where D is the outer diameter of the wick 30.
  • the heat pipe to a very low value. Furthermore, the aforementioned capillary action is also improved.
  • the netting mesh angle varies as a result of deflection or bending of the heat pipe 33 and pliably follows the bending. Accordingly, there is no possibility of buckling of the wick, whereby there is no separation of the wick from the inner surface of the outer cylinder.
  • the wick is made up of wound wick material of relatively narrow width, a wick of any desired length can be readily formed, and even a wick of great length can be easily produced.
  • the quantity of wick material which must unavoidably be scrapped as waste in this production is small, and the wick can be produced at low cost.
  • a heat pipe comprising a hollow wick impregnated with a liquid heat medium and an outer tubular cylinder accommodating said wick in a hermetically sealed condition, said wick including a ribbon-shaped material wound in the form of a helix, mutually adjacent lateral edges of said wick material being disposed in intimate 6 contact with each other, without overlapping or separating, and bound with each other by hem stitching.
  • said wick material is formed as a netting with intersecting strands respectively extending in the longitudinal and transverse directions of said material. said strands being wound in both directions of said wick in the form of the helix, oriented with an inclination relative to the axial direction of the heat pipe.
  • a method of manufacturing a heat pipe comprising the steps of forming a ribbon-shaped hollow wick in the form of a helix in such a manner that mutually adjacent lateral edges of the wick material are disposed in intimate contact with each other, without overlapping or separating, binding the lateral edges of the wick material with each other, hermetically sealing the wick within a tubular outer cylinder, and impregnating the wick with a liquid heat medium.
  • said forming step includes the steps of winding the ribbonshaped wick helically around a mandrel of a diameter close to the prescribed inner diameter of the hollow wick, and extracting the mandrel from the wound wick material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
US390419A 1972-08-23 1973-08-22 Heat pipe and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Lifetime US3921710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8443072A JPS5443218B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-23 1972-08-23

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US3921710A true US3921710A (en) 1975-11-25

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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052144A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Fuel combustor
FR2380520A1 (fr) * 1977-02-09 1978-09-08 Dornier System Gmbh Dispositif assurant le degazage d'un liquide parcourant des tubes de transmission de chaleur
DE2748339A1 (de) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-03 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Vorrichtung zum transport von waermeenergie
EP0058628A3 (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-04-13 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with capillary structure for refrigeration machines and/or heat pumps, and method for obtaining the same
US4674565A (en) * 1985-07-03 1987-06-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Heat pipe wick
US4733699A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-03-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. Composite pipe, process for producing the same, and heat pipe using the same
US4953632A (en) * 1987-12-09 1990-09-04 Fujikura Ltd. Heat pipe and method of manufacturing the same
US5647429A (en) * 1994-06-16 1997-07-15 Oktay; Sevgin Coupled, flux transformer heat pipes
US20040112450A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-17 Hsu Hul Chun Heat pipe having fiber wick structure
US20040163796A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-08-26 Wu Wei-Fang Circulative cooling apparatus
US20050241807A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Jankowski Todd A Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US20060048919A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060108103A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-25 Delta Electronics, Inc. Heat pipe and wick structure thereof
US20060124281A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-15 Rosenfeld John H Heat transfer device and method of making same
US20060137857A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Jia-Hao Li Support structure of heat-pipe multi-layer wick structure
US20060137858A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Jia-Hao Li Support structure of heat-pipe multi-layer wick structure
US20060213646A1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-09-28 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US20070272399A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-29 Fujitsu Limited Heat sink
US20080164010A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2008-07-10 Shung-Wen Kang Loop heat pipe with flat evaportor
CN100473933C (zh) * 2005-01-31 2009-04-01 杨开艳 一种热导管
CN101261096B (zh) * 2007-03-08 2010-04-14 纬创资通股份有限公司 热管及其内壁毛细结构制作方法
US20100319881A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd. Heat spreader with vapor chamber and method for manufacturing the same
WO2024086779A1 (en) * 2022-10-20 2024-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Manufacture of heat pipe wicks utilizing in-situ rolling and hydroforming device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0586921U (ja) * 1991-05-15 1993-11-22 株式会社中村機器エンジニアリング 振分コンベア装置
JP5844843B2 (ja) * 2014-04-28 2016-01-20 株式会社フジクラ 扁平型ヒートパイプの製造方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901820A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-09-01 Clarin Sidney Method of covering a drum filter, or such like, with wire gauze
US3229759A (en) * 1963-12-02 1966-01-18 George M Grover Evaporation-condensation heat transfer device
US3672020A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-06-27 Rca Corp Method of making a heat pipe having an easily contaminated internal wetting surface
US3681843A (en) * 1970-03-06 1972-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Heat pipe wick fabrication
US3686040A (en) * 1968-10-04 1972-08-22 Acf Ind Inc Heating system for a railway tank car or the like
US3789920A (en) * 1970-05-21 1974-02-05 Nasa Heat transfer device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901820A (en) * 1955-05-24 1959-09-01 Clarin Sidney Method of covering a drum filter, or such like, with wire gauze
US3229759A (en) * 1963-12-02 1966-01-18 George M Grover Evaporation-condensation heat transfer device
US3686040A (en) * 1968-10-04 1972-08-22 Acf Ind Inc Heating system for a railway tank car or the like
US3681843A (en) * 1970-03-06 1972-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Heat pipe wick fabrication
US3672020A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-06-27 Rca Corp Method of making a heat pipe having an easily contaminated internal wetting surface
US3789920A (en) * 1970-05-21 1974-02-05 Nasa Heat transfer device

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052144A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Fuel combustor
FR2380520A1 (fr) * 1977-02-09 1978-09-08 Dornier System Gmbh Dispositif assurant le degazage d'un liquide parcourant des tubes de transmission de chaleur
DE2748339A1 (de) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-03 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Vorrichtung zum transport von waermeenergie
EP0058628A3 (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-04-13 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with capillary structure for refrigeration machines and/or heat pumps, and method for obtaining the same
US4448043A (en) * 1981-02-13 1984-05-15 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with a capillary structure for refrigeration equipment and/or heat pumps and method of making the same
US4733699A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-03-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. Composite pipe, process for producing the same, and heat pipe using the same
US4674565A (en) * 1985-07-03 1987-06-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Heat pipe wick
US4953632A (en) * 1987-12-09 1990-09-04 Fujikura Ltd. Heat pipe and method of manufacturing the same
US5044429A (en) * 1987-12-09 1991-09-03 Fujikura Ltd. Heat pipe and method of manufacturing the same
US5054196A (en) * 1987-12-09 1991-10-08 Fujikura Ltd. Method of manufacturing a heat pipe
US5113932A (en) * 1987-12-09 1992-05-19 Fujikura Ltd. Heat pipe and method of manufacturing the same
US5647429A (en) * 1994-06-16 1997-07-15 Oktay; Sevgin Coupled, flux transformer heat pipes
US6983791B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2006-01-10 Hul Chun Hsu Heat pipe having fiber wick structure
US20040112450A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-17 Hsu Hul Chun Heat pipe having fiber wick structure
US7007746B2 (en) * 2003-02-20 2006-03-07 Delta Electronics, Inc. Circulative cooling apparatus
US20040163796A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-08-26 Wu Wei-Fang Circulative cooling apparatus
US20060124281A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-15 Rosenfeld John H Heat transfer device and method of making same
US7168480B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2007-01-30 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US20050241807A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Jankowski Todd A Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US7140421B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-11-28 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060048919A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060108103A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-25 Delta Electronics, Inc. Heat pipe and wick structure thereof
US20060137858A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Jia-Hao Li Support structure of heat-pipe multi-layer wick structure
US7143817B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-12-05 Jia-Hao Li Support structure of heat-pipe multi-layer wick structure
US20060137857A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Jia-Hao Li Support structure of heat-pipe multi-layer wick structure
CN100473933C (zh) * 2005-01-31 2009-04-01 杨开艳 一种热导管
US20060213646A1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-09-28 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US20070272399A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2007-11-29 Fujitsu Limited Heat sink
US7540318B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2009-06-02 Fujitsu Limited Heat sink
US20080164010A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2008-07-10 Shung-Wen Kang Loop heat pipe with flat evaportor
US8016024B2 (en) * 2007-01-09 2011-09-13 Tamkang University Loop heat pipe with flat evaportor having a wick with an internal chamber
CN101261096B (zh) * 2007-03-08 2010-04-14 纬创资通股份有限公司 热管及其内壁毛细结构制作方法
US20100319881A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd. Heat spreader with vapor chamber and method for manufacturing the same
WO2024086779A1 (en) * 2022-10-20 2024-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Manufacture of heat pipe wicks utilizing in-situ rolling and hydroforming device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5443218B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-12-19
JPS4939850A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-13

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