US3919986A - Output controlling method and device for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Output controlling method and device for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3919986A
US3919986A US403158A US40315873A US3919986A US 3919986 A US3919986 A US 3919986A US 403158 A US403158 A US 403158A US 40315873 A US40315873 A US 40315873A US 3919986 A US3919986 A US 3919986A
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United States
Prior art keywords
engine
cylinder
flow
mixture
suction pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US403158A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenji Goto
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3919986A publication Critical patent/US3919986A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/06—Exhaust brakes

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the control of the output of internal combustion engines, and particularly to a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, in which a mixture once sucked into each cylinder in an amount corresponding to the amount required for the full load operation of the engine, even in the case of partial load operation, ispartially caused to flow back into the suction pipe in the compression stroke, the amount of mixture flowing back into the suction pipe being controlled thereby to control the output of the engine.
  • the output of internal combustion engines has generally been controlled by a throttle valve which is provided in the suction pipe between the suction valve and the carburetor Venturi at a location downstream of said carburetor Venturi and which is opened and closed by the accelerator pedal operatively interlocked therewith.
  • an amount of mixture corresponding to the amount required for the full load operation of the engine is sucked into each cylinder in the suction stroke and, in the compression stroke, the mixture is partially caused to flow back into the suction pipe according to the load on the engine, whereby the output of the engine is controlled.
  • each cylinder of the engine is provided with at least two ports which are respectively communicated with the suction pipe and opened and closed by valve means and the like, and a conduit communicating at least one of said ports with the suction pipe is provided therein with a throttle valve whose opening is controlled by an output controlling mechanism such as an accelerator pedal and a conduit communicating at least one other port with the suction pipe is used for passing an amount of mixture I corresponding to the amount required for the full load operation of the engine, in the suction stroke the amount of mixture corresponding to the amount required for the full load operation being sucked into the cylinder from said latter port and, in the compression stroke, said latter port being closed and the mixture in the cylinder being partially caused to flow back into the suction pipe from said former port according to the de- 2 gree of opening of said throttle valve, whereby the output of the engine is controlled.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, which does not make the internal pressure of the suction pipe extremely low, which minimizes the pumping loss and which prevents the exhaust gas from being sucked into the suction system under the effect of the vacuum pressure in said suction system.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, which increases the amount of mixture in proportion to the amount of residual gas at the deceleration of the engine from a high speed phase of operation and does not cause misfire.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, which maintains the amount of mixture supplied from the suction port constant independently of the fluctuation of the load on the engine, which reduces to a minimum the fluctuation of the amount of liquid fuel passing in the suction pipe and facilitates control of the air fuel ratio.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, which prevents misfire or after-burning at the start of deceleration due to overpitch arising from the gasification of liquid fuel and which prevents overheatin'g of an exhaust gaspurifying device when such device is used with the engine.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, which during operation of the engine under low loads, causes the mixture to recirculate repeatedly between the suction system and the cylinder, whereby the atomization of the mixture is promoted, the combustion chamber of the cylinder is cooled by the recirculating mixture, the suction gas temperature and therefore the highest combustion temperature is lowered owing to the reduced pumping loss, and the discharge of NOx is decreased.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a method of and a device for controlling the output of internal combustion engines, in which during the compression stroke, the compressed gas is caused to flow back into the suction system from the cylinder, whereby swirling of the gas in the combustion chamber is enhanced, the combustion rate is increased and thereby the efficiency of the engine is increased.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are sectional views of a reciprocating four-cycle internal combustion engine in which the present invention is embodied, FIG. 1 being a view of the engine in the suction stroke, FIG. 2 being a view of the engine in the compression stroke, and FIG. 3 being a view of the engine in the exhaust stroke;
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram illustrating the operations of the valves of the internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. 1 to 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an indicator diagram (P-V diagram) of the internal combustion engine.
  • a cylinder head 1A of a cylinder 1 of an internal combustion engine is provided with a suction port 2A, a suction valve 2 for 3 opening and closing said port 2A, an exhaust port 3A, an exhaust valve 3 for opening and closing said port 3A, a back-flow port 4A and a back-flow valve 4 for opening and closing said port 4A.
  • a conduit 5A diverged from a suction pipe 5 is connected to the back-flow port 4A and the suction pipe 5 is connected to the suction port 2A.
  • the conduit 5A is provided therein with a throttle valve 6 by which the flow in said conduit is controlled.
  • the throttle valve 6 is operatively interlocked with an output controlling mechanism, such as an accelerator pedal, (not shown) to be operated thereby in such a manner that it is angularly displaced in a closing direction as the load on the engine increases and in an opening direction as the load on the engine decreases.
  • Reference numeral 7 designates a piston.
  • the suction valve 2, the exhaust valve 3 and the back-flow valve 4 respectively are operated by operating means, such as cams, (not shown) which are operatively interlocked with the output shaft of the engine, in the manner shown in the characteristic diagram of FIG. 4.
  • operating means such as cams, (not shown) which are operatively interlocked with the output shaft of the engine, in the manner shown in the characteristic diagram of FIG. 4.
  • the axis of abscissa is scaled by the crank angle 0 of the engine and the axis of ordinate by the valve lift h
  • the curve A represents the operational characteristic of the exhaust valve 3
  • the curve B the operational characteristic of the suction valve 2
  • the curve C the operational characteristic of the back-flow valve 4.
  • the exhaust valve 3 starts opening from a point immediately before the piston 7 reaches its bottom dead center I of the piston 7 and is closed at a point immediately after the piston 7 reaches its top dead center I.
  • the suction valve 2 starts opening at a point immediately before the piston 7 reaches its top dead center I and is closed at a point immediately after the piston reaches its bottom dead center II.
  • the back-flow valve 4 starts opening at a point immediately before the piston reaches its bottom dead center II and is closed at a point about 130 of the crank angle from the bottom dead center II of the piston, the lift of said valve being largest at a point where the crank angle is 60.
  • the suction valve 2 is opened at the point immediately before the piston 7 reaches its top dead center (TDC) and a mixture is sucked into the cylinder 1.
  • the volume of the mixture is the same as that required at the full load operation of the engine, even in the case of not full load operation, and the pressure thereof is the atmospheric pressure (or the pressure of supercharged mixture when a supercharger is used).
  • the flow-back valve 4 is opened at the point immediately before the piston 7 moving down from its top dead center I reaches its bottom dead center (BDC) II and closed at the point when the piston 7 advances from its bottom dead center II about 130 in terms of the crank angle.
  • BDC bottom dead center
  • the suction valve 2 is closed at the point immediately after the piston reaches its bottom dead center II.
  • the mixture in the cylinder 1 is forced back into the conduit 5A and suction pipe 5 through the back-flow port 4A in an amount according to the degree of opening of the throttle valve 6 in the initial stage of the compression stroke. (No mixture is forced back into the conduit 5A when said conduit is closed by the throttle valve 6.)
  • the engine generates an output corresponding to the amount of mixture remaining in 4 the cylinder I and operates along the P-V curve shown in the diagram of FIG. 5.
  • the mixture forced back into the conduit 5A is partially or entirely sucked into the cylinder 1 at the next suction stroke through the suction pipe 5 and the suction port 2A and the mixture thus sucked is further partially recirculated in the passage formed by the cylinder 1, the conduit 5A and the suction pipe 5.
  • a method of controlling the output of a four-cycle internal combustion engine comprising supplying an amount of mixture corresponding to the amount required at the full-load operation of the engine into a cylinder of the engine at the suction stroke, and at the compression stroke causing an amount of mixture in excess to the amount required for operation of the engine to flow back from the cylinder into a suction pipe by the action of the piston in said cylinder, said mixture in excess being delivered only to the suction pipe coupled to the corresponding cylinder and being substantially confined for use within said corresponding cylinder, whereby the output of the engine is controlled.
  • said amount caused to flow back is controlled by throttling said flow-back of said excess mixture such that the amount of said flow-back entering a conduit communicating with said suction pipe is controlled, said throttling of said flow-back being achieved by a throttle disposed within said conduit.
  • a device for controlling the output of an internal combustion engine comprising a suction port from which an amount of mixture corresponding to the amount required for the full load operation of the engine is supplied into a cylinder, a back-flow port provided separately from said suction port, a conduit communicating the cylinder with a suction pipe through the back-flow port in a direct fashion such that substantially all of said mixture delivered through said conduit to said suction pipe is supplied to said cylinder corresponding to said conduit and suction pipe, said backflow port being opened only at a specific stage of the compression stroke of the engine, and a throttle valve provided in the conduit and being operated such that said throttle is angularly displaced in a closing direction as the load on the engine is increased.
  • said internal combustion engine is a four cycle engine; and said backflow port is opened during the compression cycle between bottom dead center and 130 after bottom dead center, said back-flow port having a maximum opening at after bottom dead center.
  • said suction pipe and said conduit are exterior to the walls of said cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
US403158A 1973-07-09 1973-10-03 Output controlling method and device for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3919986A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48077251A JPS5024630A (de) 1973-07-09 1973-07-09

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US3919986A true US3919986A (en) 1975-11-18

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JP (1) JPS5024630A (de)
AU (1) AU476536B2 (de)

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084556A (en) * 1976-05-14 1978-04-18 Villella Tony R Internal combustion engine
US4128085A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-12-05 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Engine mechanical loss reducing system
US4230073A (en) * 1978-10-19 1980-10-28 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4232641A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-11-11 Societe D'etudes De Machines Thermiques S.E.M.T. Method and device for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines
US4237826A (en) * 1978-03-02 1980-12-09 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine equipped with an accumulation chamber
US4240381A (en) * 1979-05-08 1980-12-23 Purification Sciences Inc. Internal combustion engine system
WO1981000739A1 (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-03-19 U Stumpf Intake gas recirculation
EP0095252A2 (de) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-30 Ford Motor Company Limited Brennkraftmaschine
US4490971A (en) * 1980-07-02 1985-01-01 Hedelin Lars G B Method for regulating the operating cycle in an external combustion engine
US4494506A (en) * 1982-02-03 1985-01-22 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for an internal combustion engine
US4538569A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-09-03 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Compression control system for an internal combustion engine and control method therefor
US4539946A (en) * 1981-09-07 1985-09-10 Hedelin Lars G B Method of controlling the combustion cycle in a combustion engine
US4750458A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-06-14 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for rotary piston engine
US4759324A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-07-26 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for rotary piston engine
US4862841A (en) * 1988-08-24 1989-09-05 Stevenson John C Internal combustion engine
US4865002A (en) * 1988-02-24 1989-09-12 Outboard Marine Corporation Fuel supply system for internal combustion engine
US4917058A (en) * 1986-02-19 1990-04-17 Clemson University Method of reducing pumping losses and improving brake specific fuel consumption for an internal combustion engine
US5123388A (en) * 1990-04-21 1992-06-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Otto-cycle engine
US5417186A (en) * 1993-06-28 1995-05-23 Clemson University Dual-acting apparatus for variable valve timing and the like
US5622142A (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-04-22 Strieber; Louis C. Rotating piston engine with variable effective compression stroke
US5636611A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-06-10 Mercedes-Benz Ag Arrangement for controlling air compressed in a cylinder of a diesel engine
US7178492B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-02-20 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for combustion engine
US7191743B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-03-20 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for a combustion engine
US7201121B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2007-04-10 Caterpillar Inc Combustion engine including fluidically-driven engine valve actuator
US7204213B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-04-17 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for combustion engine
US7222614B2 (en) 1996-07-17 2007-05-29 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US7252054B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-08-07 Caterpillar Inc Combustion engine including cam phase-shifting
US7281527B1 (en) 1996-07-17 2007-10-16 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US20090044790A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Bertrand Gatellier Method for reintroducing exhaust gas to the intake of an internal-combustion engine and engine using same
US8215292B2 (en) 1996-07-17 2012-07-10 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US20120279471A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2012-11-08 Yasuhito Yaoita Spark ignition four-stroke cycle engine
WO2014149417A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Gotek Energy, Inc. Compressor control in engine, compressor, or pump

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1046738A (en) * 1908-02-24 1912-12-10 Frank L Cross Gas-engine.
US1384133A (en) * 1920-01-27 1921-07-12 George D Howe Internal-combustion engine
US1623589A (en) * 1926-03-05 1927-04-05 Joseph D Granath Internal-combustion engine
US3416502A (en) * 1965-04-22 1968-12-17 Weiss Joseph Internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1046738A (en) * 1908-02-24 1912-12-10 Frank L Cross Gas-engine.
US1384133A (en) * 1920-01-27 1921-07-12 George D Howe Internal-combustion engine
US1623589A (en) * 1926-03-05 1927-04-05 Joseph D Granath Internal-combustion engine
US3416502A (en) * 1965-04-22 1968-12-17 Weiss Joseph Internal combustion engines

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084556A (en) * 1976-05-14 1978-04-18 Villella Tony R Internal combustion engine
US4128085A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-12-05 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Engine mechanical loss reducing system
US4232641A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-11-11 Societe D'etudes De Machines Thermiques S.E.M.T. Method and device for improving the efficiency of internal combustion engines
US4237826A (en) * 1978-03-02 1980-12-09 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine equipped with an accumulation chamber
US4230073A (en) * 1978-10-19 1980-10-28 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine
US4240381A (en) * 1979-05-08 1980-12-23 Purification Sciences Inc. Internal combustion engine system
WO1981000739A1 (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-03-19 U Stumpf Intake gas recirculation
US4490971A (en) * 1980-07-02 1985-01-01 Hedelin Lars G B Method for regulating the operating cycle in an external combustion engine
US4539946A (en) * 1981-09-07 1985-09-10 Hedelin Lars G B Method of controlling the combustion cycle in a combustion engine
US4494506A (en) * 1982-02-03 1985-01-22 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for an internal combustion engine
US4538569A (en) * 1982-03-01 1985-09-03 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Compression control system for an internal combustion engine and control method therefor
EP0095252A3 (de) * 1982-05-25 1984-12-27 Ford Motor Company Limited Brennkraftmaschine
WO1983004280A1 (en) * 1982-05-25 1983-12-08 Ford Motor Company Internal combustion engine
EP0095252A2 (de) * 1982-05-25 1983-11-30 Ford Motor Company Limited Brennkraftmaschine
US4750458A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-06-14 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for rotary piston engine
US4759324A (en) * 1985-12-27 1988-07-26 Mazda Motor Corporation Intake system for rotary piston engine
US4917058A (en) * 1986-02-19 1990-04-17 Clemson University Method of reducing pumping losses and improving brake specific fuel consumption for an internal combustion engine
US4865002A (en) * 1988-02-24 1989-09-12 Outboard Marine Corporation Fuel supply system for internal combustion engine
US4862841A (en) * 1988-08-24 1989-09-05 Stevenson John C Internal combustion engine
US5123388A (en) * 1990-04-21 1992-06-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Otto-cycle engine
US5417186A (en) * 1993-06-28 1995-05-23 Clemson University Dual-acting apparatus for variable valve timing and the like
US5636611A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-06-10 Mercedes-Benz Ag Arrangement for controlling air compressed in a cylinder of a diesel engine
US5622142A (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-04-22 Strieber; Louis C. Rotating piston engine with variable effective compression stroke
US7222614B2 (en) 1996-07-17 2007-05-29 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US8215292B2 (en) 1996-07-17 2012-07-10 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US7281527B1 (en) 1996-07-17 2007-10-16 Bryant Clyde C Internal combustion engine and working cycle
US7201121B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2007-04-10 Caterpillar Inc Combustion engine including fluidically-driven engine valve actuator
US7204213B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-04-17 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for combustion engine
US7178492B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-02-20 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for combustion engine
US7252054B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-08-07 Caterpillar Inc Combustion engine including cam phase-shifting
US7191743B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2007-03-20 Caterpillar Inc Air and fuel supply system for a combustion engine
US20090044790A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Bertrand Gatellier Method for reintroducing exhaust gas to the intake of an internal-combustion engine and engine using same
US8505517B2 (en) * 2007-08-14 2013-08-13 Ifp Method for reintroducing exhaust gas to the intake of an internal-combustion engine and engine using same
US20120279471A1 (en) * 2011-05-08 2012-11-08 Yasuhito Yaoita Spark ignition four-stroke cycle engine
CN102777268A (zh) * 2011-05-08 2012-11-14 矢尾板康仁 火花点火式四循环发动机
WO2014149417A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Gotek Energy, Inc. Compressor control in engine, compressor, or pump
US9347369B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-24 Gotek Energy, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling compression in an engine, compressor, or pump
EP2971706A4 (de) * 2013-03-15 2016-11-16 Gotek Energy Inc Steuerung eines verdichters in einem motor, einem verdichter oder einer pumpe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5024630A (de) 1975-03-15
AU476536B2 (en) 1976-09-23
AU6252473A (en) 1975-05-15

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