US3919578A - Tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing - Google Patents

Tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3919578A
US3919578A US406946A US40694673A US3919578A US 3919578 A US3919578 A US 3919578A US 406946 A US406946 A US 406946A US 40694673 A US40694673 A US 40694673A US 3919578 A US3919578 A US 3919578A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
tungsten
iodine
incandescent lamp
halogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US406946A
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English (en)
Inventor
James Richard Coaton
John Michael Rees
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EMI Group Ltd
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Thorn Electrical Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thorn Electrical Industries Ltd filed Critical Thorn Electrical Industries Ltd
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Publication of US3919578A publication Critical patent/US3919578A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • These lamps employ a tungsten filament in a transparent envelope, usually of fused silica, andafill of a non-reactive gas such as-N fA'r, Kr or Xetogether with a small quan tity of halogen Bromine, chlorine, fluorine and their compounds have 'beenproposed as the halogen. transport gas but owing to their re'activity are only suitablexfor high efficacy lamps ofshort life. Forlamps withan intendedlife. of l000hours or above iodine is necessary, or an iodine compound or a mixture with other halogens with iodine predominating.
  • a non-reactive gas such as-N fA'r, Kr or Xe
  • Iodine has a vapour pressure which is too high for the lamp to be pumped after introduction of the element, but too low for the iodine to be flushed in at room temperature with the fill gas, such as argon. Cumbersome and expensive techniques are employed to overcome this difficulty, but often involve an undesirable number of manual operations, the risk of introducing harmful impurities or an inability to achieve an accurately controlled dosage of iodine.
  • tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp having a fill including phosphorus and iodine, at least a part of the iodine content having been formed by thermal dissociation of P 1. within the lamp.
  • Diphosphorus tetraiodide, P l is a low va pour pressure solid at room temperature. it is preferably introduced into the lamp in solution in a volatile, non-polar organic liquid, such as benzene or toluene.
  • This iodine compound in solution can be accurately dispensed into the envelope and the solvent can be removed by evacuation or by flushing with a dry nonreactive gas.
  • the lamp can be evacuated on an exhaust system, which can be a rotary machine commonly used in the manufacture of incandescent lamps, and filled with non-reactive gas to the required pressure.
  • the iodine compound is only dissociated when the lamp is heated, which is usually achieved by lighting the filament.
  • the preferred procedure is to increase the filament voltage shown from zero to full voltage over about to 30 seconds to allow the compound to disperse, or to step age" the filament by running at various intermediate voltages, from zero to the rated voltage.
  • a source of iodine or other halogen may be introduced into the lamp envelope in addition to the P 1
  • the further halogen may be introduced in elementary form or in the form of a halogen compound.
  • a controlled and accurately repeatable quantity of iodine and phosphorus can be dispensed into each lamp.
  • the phosphorus acts as a getter and during its manufacture the lamp of the invention is susceptible of close control of the ratio of halogen to phosphorus which we have found is desirable for optimum gettering action without adversely affecting the tungsten-halogen transport cycle.
  • the remaining solid is involatile at room temperature and the lamp can be exhausted and gasfilled on a simple vacuum, gasfilling system of the type used for non-halogen lamps, without the need for cold traps orother devices .forprotecting 'rotary pumps, valve plates and othericomponents of the system. Because all-the-iodine remains as an involatile solid during processing, no special maintenance or safety precautions are require'd-on'the exhaust and gasfilling system, and the method isvery suitable for high speed production techniques.
  • This compound has the advantage over other alternatives, .such as Cl-l lfcl-l l CHl and Hlinthat hydrogen may be excludediaiicl an accurate ratio of iodine: phosphorus is dispensedinto "thelamp.
  • it can be introduced into a lamp containing any halogen or halogen compound and'is'avery pr'ecise method for introducing a .getter into tungstemhalogen lamps.
  • Diphosphorus tetraiodide is dissolved in toluene to a concentration of 3percent weight/volume (i.e. 3g P l in l00 ml of toluene).
  • a concentration of 3percent weight/volume i.e. 3g P l in l00 ml of toluene.
  • 0.25 ml of this solution is required. It is introduced by inserting the needle of a suitably calibrated syringe into the exhaust tube of a lamp envelope, and injecting the required quantity into the lamp envelope. The solvent is then removed by inserted a hollow needle connected to a dry nitrogen supply, and flushing gas into the lamp until the solvent is removed. Raising the bulb wall temperature to approximately C speeds up this operation. This leaves an accurate quantity of the solid in the envelope.
  • the lamp is processed as a conventional incandescent lamp on a suitable exhaust/gasfilling system with the bulb at room temperature. After being filled with gas, and tipped-off, the lamp is then lit to dissociate and disperse the iodine compound.
  • a mixture of iodides may also be used to change the iodinezphosphorus ratio and the following is an example of such a case:
  • a solution is prepared consisting of 0.05g P l and 0.45g CHl in ml of benzene. To maintain a satisfactory tungsten transport cycle with an adequate gettering action in 12V 55/43 twin filament tungsten-halogen motor vehicle headlight lamps, 0.03ml of this solution is injected. The solvent is removed and the lamp subsequently processed as described in the Example l.
  • the lamp has a high melting point glass envelope 8 provided with an aperture (not visible) through which the envelope 8 was exhausted and filled. The lamp was thereafter sealed by sealing off an exhaust tube with which the aperture was provided.
  • the envelope has two lead-in wires 12 sealed therethrough connected to the generally linear tungsten filament 9. The lead-in wires are connected to conductive end caps 13 at either end of and on the exterior of the envelope 8.
  • a method of making a tungstenhalogen cycle electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of:
  • a light-transmitting high-temperature resisting envelope having an aperture therein, a tungsten filament therewithin, and lead-in wires connected to said filament and sealed therethr'ough; introducing P l. into said envelope through said aperture; exhausting said envelope; gas filling said envelope with a non-reactive gas; sealing said aperture; and raising said envelope to a high temperature sufficient to dissociate said P 1 the introduction of said P l. being in a manner such as to produce said P l in solid form prior to the raising of said envelope to said high temperature.
  • a tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp made in accordance with the method of claim 2.
  • a tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp made in accordance with the method of claim 3.
  • a tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp made in accordance with'the method of claim 4.

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  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
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US406946A 1972-10-18 1973-10-16 Tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing Expired - Lifetime US3919578A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4806472A GB1356893A (en) 1972-10-18 1972-10-18 Tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3919578A true US3919578A (en) 1975-11-11

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US406946A Expired - Lifetime US3919578A (en) 1972-10-18 1973-10-16 Tungsten-halogen cycle electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing

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US (1) US3919578A (en(2012))
JP (1) JPS4995482A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE2352195A1 (en(2012))
GB (1) GB1356893A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL7314374A (en(2012))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532455A (en) * 1981-06-23 1985-07-30 Thorn Emi Plc Tungsten halogen incandescent lamps containing mixed halogens
US4998038A (en) * 1988-12-05 1991-03-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Pitted light diffusive coating, a method of forming the coating and a lamp having the coating

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475649A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-28 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Tungsten incandescent lamps with iodine halides
US3712701A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-01-23 British Lighting Ind Ltd Electric incandescent lamps
US3810685A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-05-14 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Manufacture of tungsten halogen lamps

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475649A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-28 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Tungsten incandescent lamps with iodine halides
US3810685A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-05-14 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Manufacture of tungsten halogen lamps
US3712701A (en) * 1971-08-27 1973-01-23 British Lighting Ind Ltd Electric incandescent lamps

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4532455A (en) * 1981-06-23 1985-07-30 Thorn Emi Plc Tungsten halogen incandescent lamps containing mixed halogens
US4998038A (en) * 1988-12-05 1991-03-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Pitted light diffusive coating, a method of forming the coating and a lamp having the coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1356893A (en) 1974-06-19
JPS4995482A (en(2012)) 1974-09-10
NL7314374A (en(2012)) 1974-04-22
DE2352195A1 (de) 1974-05-02

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