US3919000A - Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip - Google Patents

Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip Download PDF

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Publication number
US3919000A
US3919000A US37049773A US3919000A US 3919000 A US3919000 A US 3919000A US 37049773 A US37049773 A US 37049773A US 3919000 A US3919000 A US 3919000A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
calcium
ferrocyanide
ion
ferricyanide
strip
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Warren Yarrington
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arkema Inc
Original Assignee
Pennwalt Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pennwalt Corp filed Critical Pennwalt Corp
Priority to US37049773 priority Critical patent/US3919000A/en
Priority to CA198,365A priority patent/CA1023247A/en
Priority to BR449774A priority patent/BR7404497D0/pt
Priority to FR7419757A priority patent/FR2233417A1/fr
Priority to DE19742428067 priority patent/DE2428067A1/de
Priority to JP6662574A priority patent/JPS5035010A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3919000A publication Critical patent/US3919000A/en
Assigned to ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC., A PA CORP. reassignment ATOCHEM NORTH AMERICA, INC., A PA CORP. MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE ON DECEMBER 31, 1989, IN PENNSYLVANIA Assignors: ATOCHEM INC., A DE CORP. (MERGED INTO), M&T CHEMICALS INC., A DE CORP. (MERGED INTO), PENNWALT CORPORATION, A PA CORP. (CHANGED TO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/18—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
    • C23F11/181—Nitrogen containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/18—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/18—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using inorganic inhibitors
    • C23F11/187—Mixtures of inorganic inhibitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of increasing the oxidation (i.e., rust) resistance of ferrous strip, and more particularly concerns the rinse treatment of coldrolled steel strip, prior to annealing thereof, with a soluble calcium salt or a soluble ferricyanide or ferrocyanide salt or a mixture of the calcium salt with sodium nitrite or the soluble ferricyanide or ferrocyanide, in dilute aqueous solution, to leave a thin layer of the residue from such rinse solution on the strip during annealing and subsequent storage and transit.
  • a soluble calcium salt or a soluble ferricyanide or ferrocyanide salt or a mixture of the calcium salt with sodium nitrite or the soluble ferricyanide or ferrocyanide in dilute aqueous solution, to leave a thin layer of the residue from such rinse solution on the strip during annealing and subsequent storage and transit.
  • the rust formation problem with steel strip dealt with by this invention is to be distinguished from the problem of preventing defects in electrolytically coated tinplate (i.e., preventing staining or dewetting of tin-coated surface) in which the steel strip is treated with a dilute aqueous rinse of a material that remains on the strip during batch annealing and is capable of reacting with carbonaceous material thereon during the batch annealing cycle.
  • Cold-rolled, annealed, steel strip is subject to rusting caused by oxidation of the ferrous metal, particularly where processing water used in the mill has a high content of dissolved chlorides and/or sulfates.
  • the rust formation which is more pronounced when the coiled strip is in humid environment, reduces the value of the strip for further processing and is often severe enough so that the strip must be scrapped.
  • Shoemaker, in US. Pat. No. 3,668,021 offered one solution to the rust problem by disclosing the application of an aqueous suspension (dispersion) of calcium hydroxide to the strip prior to annealing.
  • the disadvantages of this method stem from the water-insolubility of calcium hydroxide.
  • the coldrolled steel strip is treated with an aqueous dilute rinse solution containing an effective rust-inhibiting amount of calcium ion or ferricyanide ion or ferrocyanide ion, or mixture of calcium ion with sodium nitrite or ferricyanide or ferrocyanide ion.
  • aqueous dilute rinse solution containing an effective rust-inhibiting amount of calcium ion or ferricyanide ion or ferrocyanide ion, or mixture of calcium ion with sodium nitrite or ferricyanide or ferrocyanide ion.
  • sodium nitrite has previously been used as a rust inhibitor for ferrous metals, but not for the purpose or in the specific utility embodied herein, and not in combination with a soluble calcium salt component.
  • the components of the rinse solution of this invention are water-soluble materials, which property provides uniform coatings, simplifies the handling techniques and equipment requirements, and reduces the opportunities for residues to interefere with the temper rolling operation.
  • the soluble calcium salt operable herein has a solubility in water of at least 1.88 g/liter of Ca ion, and preferably at least about 3.76 g/liter of Ca ion (at 70F) Representative of such salts are, for example,
  • calcium chromate mentioned above, can be used except where the steel strip is ultimately to be coated with tin because chromate interferes with the tin-plating process.
  • the soluble ferrocyanide or ferricyanide salts operable herein have a solubility in water of at least 0.94 g/liter of Fe(CN) moiety and preferably about 1.88 g/liter of ferricyanide or ferrocyanide.
  • Representative of such salts are, for example,
  • alkali silicate solutions for cleaning steel strip e.g., sodium orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate
  • alkali silicate solutions for cleaning steel strip e.g., sodium orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate
  • alkali silicate solutions for cleaning steel strip e.g., sodium orthosilicate or sodium metasilicate
  • Silicates as Cleaners in the Production of Tinplate and ll. Influence of Batch Anneal", October, 1971; and the text by W. E. Hoare et al., The Technology of Tinplate, St. Martin's Press, I965.
  • the strip is contacted with the rust-inhibiting rinse solution embodied herein, either by immersion or by spray application, conveniently at ambient temperature, although rinse temperatures ranging from about 50 to about 200F. may be employed, temperature of the rinse not being a critical factor.
  • Said dilute aqueous rinse solution containing in admixture the dissolved calcium salt or ferricyanide or ferrocyanide, or mixture of calcium ion with the nitrite, fcrricyanide or ferrocyanide, above mentioned.
  • the steel strip After the brief immersion in or spraying with said rinse solution. the steel strip is permitted to air-dry. either at ambient temperatures or at elevated temperatures. e.g.. up to about 300F., thus depositing a thin uniform film ofthe rinse solution residues thereon.
  • the treated steel strip is subsequently annealed, using either conventional continuous annealing or batch annealing techniques.
  • continuous annealing the treated strip is passed through an annealing oven at such a rate to provide an annealing period of approximately 20 seconds at a temperature of about 1200 to 1220F., followed by a controlled cooling cycle.
  • a protective gas atmo sphere e.g., consisting of 5 percent hydrogen and 95 percent nitrogen, i.e.. a reducing gas atmosphere.
  • the strip In batch annealing the strip is wound into a tight coil and subjected to the "box annealing cycle. i.e.. about ten hours at 1220F.. followed by a cooling cycle. all taking place under
  • the steel strip is usually stored to await further processing. It is during this storage period that rust formation is observed on steel strip that has not been treated with an inhibiting composition.
  • Test Rinse Solution Additives. Concentrations in g/liter No. Calcium Calcium Sodium Potassium Potassium Acetate Nitrate Nitrite Ferricyanide Ferrocyanide 5 0 4 7 O O O Corrosion resistance of the panels is measured by sealing the panel for 15 minutes in contact with moisture-laden air over water at 130F. The other side of the panel is at ambient room temperature (75F. The rating of good indicates a 50% reduction in rust for the panel exposed to the high himidity compared to a control panel (blank) of the same metal similarly treated and exposed. In all cases the blank panels show a heavy blush of rust. A rating ofvery good" indicates reduction. and an *excellent" rating indicates a or greater reduction in rust. The results are summarized as follows:
  • a process for inhibiting rust formation on coldrolled steel strip which comprises contacting the strip, prior to annealing with an aqueous dilute rinse solution containing an effective rust-inhibiting amount of a mixture of calcium ion and sodium nitrite, the calcium ion being supplied by a soluble calcium salt having a solubility in water of at least 1.88 g/liter of Ca ion and being free of corrosion-promoting anions selected from the class consisting of sulfate and chloride, wherein the concentration of calcium ion in the solution is from about 0.25 to 3 oz. per gallon and the concentration of sodium nitrite is from about 0.13 to 3 oz. per gallon. drying the steel strip and annealing the strip in a reducing gas atmosphere.
  • a process for inhibiting rust formation on coldrolled steel strip which comprises contacting the strip, prior to annealing, with an aqueous dilute rinse solution containing an effective rust-inhibiting amount of a mixture of calcium ion and ferricyanide or ferrocyanide ion, the calcium ion being supplied by a soluble calcium salt having a solubility in water of at least 1.88 g/liter ofCa ion and being free of corrosion promoting anions selected from the group consisting of sulfate and chloride. wherein the concentration of calcium ion in the solution is from about 0.25 to 3 oz. per gallon and the concentration of ferricyanide ion or ferrocyanide ion is from about 0.13 to 3 oz. per gallon, drying the steel strip and annealing the strip in a reducing gas atmosphere.
  • the calcium salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium acetate, calcium benzoate, calcium butyrate, calcium chromate, calcium ferrocyanide, calcium ferricyanide, calcium formate, calcium fumarate, calcium dgluconate, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium isobutyrate.
  • calcium iodide calcium lactate, calcium ormethylbutyrate.
  • calcium nitrate calcium nitrite, calcium propionate.
  • calcium salicylate calcium dithionate, calcium maleate and calcium valerate.
  • the calcium salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium acetate, calcium benzoate, calcium butyrate, cal' cium chromate, calcium ferrocyanide, calcium ferricy- 6 lected from the group consisting of ammonium ferricyanide, ammonium ferrocyanide, calcium ferricyanide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US37049773 1973-06-15 1973-06-15 Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip Expired - Lifetime US3919000A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US37049773 US3919000A (en) 1973-06-15 1973-06-15 Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip
CA198,365A CA1023247A (en) 1973-06-15 1974-04-29 Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip
BR449774A BR7404497D0 (pt) 1973-06-15 1974-05-31 Processo para inibicao da formacao de ferrugem em tira de aco laminada a frio
FR7419757A FR2233417A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-15 1974-06-07
DE19742428067 DE2428067A1 (de) 1973-06-15 1974-06-11 Rostschutzverfahren fuer kaltgewalztes stahlband
JP6662574A JPS5035010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-15 1974-06-13

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US37049773 US3919000A (en) 1973-06-15 1973-06-15 Preanneal rinse process for inhibiting rust on steel strip

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US (1) US3919000A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5035010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7404497D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1023247A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2428067A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2233417A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0094808A1 (en) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-23 Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Method of box-annealing steel sheet to minimize annealing stickers
US4582546A (en) * 1982-05-14 1986-04-15 United States Steel Corporation Method of pretreating cold rolled sheet to minimize annealing stickers
WO2014028050A1 (en) * 2012-08-15 2014-02-20 Sun Catalytix Corporation High solubility iron hexacyanides
US9382274B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2016-07-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US9559374B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2017-01-31 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring large negative half-cell potentials
US9768463B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2017-09-19 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds
US9837679B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2017-12-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Metal complexes of substituted catecholates and redox flow batteries containing the same
US9865893B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-01-09 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring optimal membrane systems
US9899694B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-02-20 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring high open circuit potential
US9899696B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-02-20 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Solid buffer materials for electrolyte solutions and flow batteries utilizing same
US9938308B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2018-04-10 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Coordination compounds having redox non-innocent ligands and flow batteries containing the same
US10065977B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2018-09-04 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Concerted processes for forming 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from hydroquinone
US10164284B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-12-25 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US10253051B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2019-04-09 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Preparation of titanium catecholate complexes in aqueous solution using titanium tetrachloride or titanium oxychloride
US10316047B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2019-06-11 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands
US10320023B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2019-06-11 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Neat methods for forming titanium catecholate complexes and associated compositions
US10343964B2 (en) 2016-07-26 2019-07-09 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes
US10377687B2 (en) 2016-07-26 2019-08-13 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes
US10497958B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-12-03 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Coordinatively unsaturated titanium catecholate complexes and processes associated therewith
US10644342B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2020-05-05 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands and methods for producing the same
US10741864B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2020-08-11 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Aqueous methods for forming titanium catecholate complexes and associated compositions
US10930937B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2021-02-23 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Flow batteries incorporating active materials containing doubly bridged aromatic groups

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5397912A (en) * 1977-02-09 1978-08-26 Nippon Steel Corp Manufacture of surface active steel plate
JPS61204392A (ja) * 1985-03-07 1986-09-10 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd クロム被覆ステンレス鋼帯の製造方法

Citations (5)

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US1260740A (en) * 1917-08-02 1918-03-26 William H Allen Treatment of iron and steel to prevent corrosion.
US3039902A (en) * 1958-04-15 1962-06-19 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method of treating steel
US3052575A (en) * 1961-02-13 1962-09-04 Inland Steel Co Method of inhibiting corrosion
US3257159A (en) * 1964-01-23 1966-06-21 Bayer Ag Prevention of corrosion of wet metal articles
US3526552A (en) * 1966-06-02 1970-09-01 Babcock & Wilcox Co Metal treating

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1260740A (en) * 1917-08-02 1918-03-26 William H Allen Treatment of iron and steel to prevent corrosion.
US3039902A (en) * 1958-04-15 1962-06-19 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method of treating steel
US3052575A (en) * 1961-02-13 1962-09-04 Inland Steel Co Method of inhibiting corrosion
US3257159A (en) * 1964-01-23 1966-06-21 Bayer Ag Prevention of corrosion of wet metal articles
US3526552A (en) * 1966-06-02 1970-09-01 Babcock & Wilcox Co Metal treating

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0094808A1 (en) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-23 Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. Method of box-annealing steel sheet to minimize annealing stickers
US4582546A (en) * 1982-05-14 1986-04-15 United States Steel Corporation Method of pretreating cold rolled sheet to minimize annealing stickers
US10056639B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-08-21 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US9991544B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-06-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds
US9382274B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2016-07-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US9559374B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2017-01-31 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring large negative half-cell potentials
US10707513B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2020-07-07 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds
US9768463B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2017-09-19 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds
US10651489B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2020-05-12 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring optimal membrane systems
US10483581B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2019-11-19 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring large negative half-cell potentials
US9865893B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-01-09 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring optimal membrane systems
US10164284B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-12-25 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US9899694B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-02-20 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring high open circuit potential
US10014546B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-07-03 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds
US9991543B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2018-06-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics
US9997799B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2018-06-12 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
US12009562B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2024-06-11 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
US11349141B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2022-05-31 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
US9997798B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2018-06-12 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
US9929425B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2018-03-27 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
CN104755423A (zh) * 2012-08-15 2015-07-01 洛克希德马丁尖端能量存储有限公司 高溶解度的六氰合铁
WO2014028050A1 (en) * 2012-08-15 2014-02-20 Sun Catalytix Corporation High solubility iron hexacyanides
US10374248B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2019-08-06 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
CN104755423B (zh) * 2012-08-15 2017-12-08 洛克希德马丁尖端能量存储有限公司 高溶解度的六氰合铁
US9742021B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2017-08-22 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc High solubility iron hexacyanides
US9837679B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2017-12-05 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Metal complexes of substituted catecholates and redox flow batteries containing the same
US10734666B2 (en) 2014-11-26 2020-08-04 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Metal complexes of substituted catecholates and redox flow batteries containing the same
US9899696B2 (en) 2015-01-21 2018-02-20 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Solid buffer materials for electrolyte solutions and flow batteries utilizing same
US10253051B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2019-04-09 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Preparation of titanium catecholate complexes in aqueous solution using titanium tetrachloride or titanium oxychloride
US10316047B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2019-06-11 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands
US10644342B2 (en) 2016-03-03 2020-05-05 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands and methods for producing the same
US9938308B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2018-04-10 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Coordination compounds having redox non-innocent ligands and flow batteries containing the same
US10377687B2 (en) 2016-07-26 2019-08-13 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes
US10343964B2 (en) 2016-07-26 2019-07-09 Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes
US10065977B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2018-09-04 Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc Concerted processes for forming 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from hydroquinone
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DE2428067A1 (de) 1975-01-09
JPS5035010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-03
BR7404497D0 (pt) 1975-09-23
FR2233417A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-10
CA1023247A (en) 1977-12-27

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