US3918834A - Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant - Google Patents

Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US3918834A
US3918834A US387128A US38712873A US3918834A US 3918834 A US3918834 A US 3918834A US 387128 A US387128 A US 387128A US 38712873 A US38712873 A US 38712873A US 3918834 A US3918834 A US 3918834A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuel
air
burners
combustion
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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US387128A
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English (en)
Inventor
Isaak Yakovlevich Sigal
Georgy Fedorovich Naidenov
Sergei Savatievich Nizhnik
Nikolai Alexandrovich Gurevich
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Individual
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Priority to US387128A priority Critical patent/US3918834A/en
Priority to NL7311040.A priority patent/NL155937B/nl
Priority to DE2340737A priority patent/DE2340737C3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3918834A publication Critical patent/US3918834A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/018—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with fume afterburning by staged combustion

Definitions

  • the two-stage combustion being accomplished by redistributing the flows of fuel and air inside the burners so that some air mixed with fuel is introduced in a spiral flow at periphery of the passages through the burners, and the rest of the air required for complete combustion of the fuel being introduced in a straight-line flow directed along the axis of the burners.
  • the present invention relates to the protection of the atmosphere by products of combustion of a natural fuel, predominantly a gaseous one, and more specifically to a method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant.
  • This object is attained in that a two-stage combustion ofthe fuel is employed under the conditions of oxygen deficiency in a high-temperature zone, the two-stage combustion being accomplished by redistributing the flow of the fuel and the air inside the burner or burners so that some air mixed with fuel is introduced in a spiral flow at the periphery of a passage through the burner, and the rest of the air, required for complete combustion of the fuel, is introduced in a straight-line flow directed along the axis of the burner.
  • the inventive method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides is accomplished by directly redistributing the fuel and air flow directly so that the nitrogen oxide content of gaseous effluent is reduced by 30 to 35% without installing special nozzles, disturbing the brickwork of the thermal plant or branching of water tubes.
  • the method also allows to control the parameters of the flame over a wide range, under variable conditions so, that the fuel is utilized in a more effective way and thus a higher operational reliability of the plant is achieved.
  • the disclosed method has been tested in a laboratory of the Institute of Gas, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, and in industrial plants. The tests have proved the efficiency of the invention in burning fuel in thermal plants of various designs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a burner for carrying out the inventive method
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of FIG. 1 in the direction of arrow I. g
  • the method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the gaseous effluent from a thermal plant equipped with burners consists in a two-stage combustion of the fuel under the conditions of oxygen deficiency in a high-temperature zone at the first stage.
  • the two-stage combustion is accomplished by redistributing the flow of fuel and air inside the burners so that some of the air mixed with the fuel is introduced in a spiral flow at the periphery of a passage through the burner, and the rest of the air, required for complete combustion of the fuel, is introduced in a straight-line flow directed along the axis of the burner.
  • the method is performed with the aid of a burner comprising a cylindrical part 1 (FIG. 1) and a tapered part 2.
  • a burner comprising a cylindrical part 1 (FIG. 1) and a tapered part 2.
  • the gas chamber 3 and the cylindrical part 1 are provided with holes 4 drilled peripherally in preferably two rows so as to admit gaseous fuel from the gas chamber 3 into the inner passage of the cylindrical part 1 of.
  • Disposed inside the burner, concentrically with its cylindrical part 1 (FIG. 1 is a cylindrical tube 6 through which the rest of the air, required for the complete combustion of the fuel at the second stage of combustion, is introduced in a straight-line flow along the axis of the burner.
  • the tapered part 2 of the burner forms a port in a brick-work 7 of the thermal plant (not shown), the port widening towards a fire chamber.
  • the inventive method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the gaseous effluent of the thermal plant is accomplished as follows. Only part of the air required for the combustion of the gaseous fuel is introduced through the tangential branch 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2). The flow of this air spirals around the periphery of the passage through the cylindrical part 1 of the burner.
  • the gaseous fuel is introduced from the gas chamber 3 through the holes 4 into the spiral flow of some of the air required for combustion.
  • the gaseous fuel mixes with the flow of air spiralling around the periphery.
  • the gas/air mixture (all the fuel and the peripherally spiralling flow of air), being imparted a spiral motion, spreads out into the periphery of the tapered part 2 of the burner and thence to the periphery of the port where partial combustion of the fuel takes place in a cone-shaped flame expanding towards the fire chamher. this place being where a high-temperature zone is formed at the first stage of combustion.
  • the axial space in the port (formed by the tapered part 2) is not filled with the flame, and introduced into this space is the rest of the air (roughly between 30 and 60% of the total amount required for the complete combustion of the fuel), as it is issued from the axial tube 6 in a straight-line flow.
  • the sucking action of the axial cocurrent flow of air causes the products of incomplete combustion to move inwardly, towards the axis, at a point away from the burner port, where the centrifugal force tending to separate the peripheral flow from the axial one is low enough not to counteract this sucking action.
  • a method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent of the combustion in a thermal plant fitted with burners having axial passages comprising the steps of burning a fuel in two stages within the same heat-receiving chamher of the thermal plant, under the conditions of oxygen deficiency in a high-temperature zone, the twostage combustion being accomplished by redistributing the flow of the fuel and air inside the burners so that part of the air is introduced in a first, spiral flow at the periphery of the passages of the burners, and introducing the rest of the air, required for complete combustion of the fuel, in a second, straight-line flow directed along the axis of the burners, all of the fuel being introduced in a peripheral zone surrounding the axial passages, together with the first air flow, with which all fuel is intermixed, thereby causing a cone-shaped flame to emerge from the peripheral zone, constituting a first, high-temperature combustion stage, while the second air flow contributes to a second, lower
  • straight-line flow is 60 to 30 per cent of the supply.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
US387128A 1973-08-09 1973-08-09 Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant Expired - Lifetime US3918834A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US387128A US3918834A (en) 1973-08-09 1973-08-09 Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant
NL7311040.A NL155937B (nl) 1973-08-09 1973-08-09 Brander, bestaande uit een buisvormige mengkamer.
DE2340737A DE2340737C3 (de) 1973-08-09 1973-08-11 Gasbrenner für eine Wärmekraftanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US387128A US3918834A (en) 1973-08-09 1973-08-09 Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3918834A true US3918834A (en) 1975-11-11

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US387128A Expired - Lifetime US3918834A (en) 1973-08-09 1973-08-09 Method of reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous effluent from a thermal plant

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Country Link
US (1) US3918834A (nl)
DE (1) DE2340737C3 (nl)
NL (1) NL155937B (nl)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206712A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-06-10 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fuel-staging coal burner
FR2485692A1 (fr) * 1980-06-27 1981-12-31 Kawasaki Steel Co Procede et bruleur pour produire une combustion a faible teneur en oxydes d'azote des gaz d'echappement dans un tube radiant
US4629413A (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-12-16 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Low NOx premix burner
US6663381B2 (en) * 2001-09-20 2003-12-16 Carrier Corporation Burner arrangement for low NOX emissions
US20110048293A1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-03 R-V Industries, Inc. Nozzle for feeding combustion media into a furnace

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2242797A (en) * 1938-02-26 1941-05-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for burning fluid fuel
US3228451A (en) * 1957-06-25 1966-01-11 Urquhart S 1926 Ltd Method of burning fuels
US3266549A (en) * 1964-07-03 1966-08-16 John J Wolfersperger Gas burner
US3729285A (en) * 1972-05-22 1973-04-24 G Schwedersky Burner and method of operating it to control the production of nitrogen oxides
US3730668A (en) * 1971-03-03 1973-05-01 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Combustion method of gas burners for suppressing the formation of nitrogen oxides and burner apparatus for practicing said method
US3758258A (en) * 1970-03-24 1973-09-11 Collin Consult A method for combusting fuels in a substantially conically shaped curtain

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2242797A (en) * 1938-02-26 1941-05-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for burning fluid fuel
US3228451A (en) * 1957-06-25 1966-01-11 Urquhart S 1926 Ltd Method of burning fuels
US3266549A (en) * 1964-07-03 1966-08-16 John J Wolfersperger Gas burner
US3758258A (en) * 1970-03-24 1973-09-11 Collin Consult A method for combusting fuels in a substantially conically shaped curtain
US3730668A (en) * 1971-03-03 1973-05-01 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Combustion method of gas burners for suppressing the formation of nitrogen oxides and burner apparatus for practicing said method
US3729285A (en) * 1972-05-22 1973-04-24 G Schwedersky Burner and method of operating it to control the production of nitrogen oxides

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4206712A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-06-10 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fuel-staging coal burner
FR2485692A1 (fr) * 1980-06-27 1981-12-31 Kawasaki Steel Co Procede et bruleur pour produire une combustion a faible teneur en oxydes d'azote des gaz d'echappement dans un tube radiant
DE3124986A1 (de) * 1980-06-27 1982-03-04 Kawasaki Steel Corp., Kobe, Hyogo Verbrennungsverfahren mit niedrigem no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-pegel in einem strahlrohrbrenner und hierfuer bestimmte verbrennungsvorrichtung
US4629413A (en) * 1984-09-10 1986-12-16 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Low NOx premix burner
US6663381B2 (en) * 2001-09-20 2003-12-16 Carrier Corporation Burner arrangement for low NOX emissions
US20110048293A1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2011-03-03 R-V Industries, Inc. Nozzle for feeding combustion media into a furnace
US8413595B2 (en) * 2009-08-26 2013-04-09 R-V Industries, Inc. Nozzle for feeding combustion media into a furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7311040A (nl) 1975-02-11
DE2340737C3 (de) 1979-05-31
NL155937B (nl) 1978-02-15
DE2340737A1 (de) 1975-03-06
DE2340737B2 (de) 1978-09-07

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