US3917601A - Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders - Google Patents

Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders Download PDF

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US3917601A
US3917601A US484919A US48491974A US3917601A US 3917601 A US3917601 A US 3917601A US 484919 A US484919 A US 484919A US 48491974 A US48491974 A US 48491974A US 3917601 A US3917601 A US 3917601A
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Prior art keywords
sodium
compounds
sulfosuccinate
acid
detergent
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US484919A
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Vincent Lamberti
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Lever Brothers Co
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Lever Brothers Co
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Priority to DE19722230073 priority Critical patent/DE2230073A1/en
Priority to GB2905772A priority patent/GB1398421A/en
Priority to GB78575A priority patent/GB1398422A/en
Priority to FR727222899A priority patent/FR2143437B1/fr
Priority to AT542872A priority patent/AT321437B/en
Priority to CH775776A priority patent/CH588452A5/xx
Priority to CH942672A priority patent/CH588551A5/xx
Priority to NL7208735A priority patent/NL7208735A/xx
Priority to US394613A priority patent/US3925375A/en
Priority to US401482A priority patent/US3912663A/en
Priority to US484744A priority patent/US3922272A/en
Priority to US05/484,920 priority patent/US3957775A/en
Priority to US484741A priority patent/US3922271A/en
Priority to US05/484,918 priority patent/US3950331A/en
Application filed by Lever Brothers Co filed Critical Lever Brothers Co
Priority to US05/484,916 priority patent/US3936448A/en
Priority to US05/484,917 priority patent/US3935206A/en
Priority to US484919A priority patent/US3917601A/en
Priority to US05/578,704 priority patent/US3976642A/en
Priority to US05/578,705 priority patent/US3984408A/en
Priority to US05/578,703 priority patent/US3968110A/en
Priority to US05/589,959 priority patent/US3989700A/en
Priority to US05/589,960 priority patent/US3970653A/en
Priority to US05/589,961 priority patent/US3987043A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3917601A publication Critical patent/US3917601A/en
Priority to US05/647,246 priority patent/USRE29576E/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/349—Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing nitrogen atoms, e.g. nitro, nitroso, amino, imino, nitrilo, nitrile groups containing compounds or their derivatives or thio urea
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C291/00—Compounds containing carbon and nitrogen and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C201/00 - C07C281/00
    • C07C291/02—Compounds containing carbon and nitrogen and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C201/00 - C07C281/00 containing nitrogen-oxide bonds
    • C07C291/04—Compounds containing carbon and nitrogen and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C201/00 - C07C281/00 containing nitrogen-oxide bonds containing amino-oxide bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/18—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton containing amino groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/64—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and sulfur atoms, not being part of thio groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/65—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and sulfur atoms, not being part of thio groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton containing sulfur atoms of sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/64—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and sulfur atoms, not being part of thio groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/66—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and sulfur atoms, not being part of thio groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton containing sulfur atoms of sulfo, esterified sulfo or halosulfonyl groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/123—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/755—Sulfoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3427—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing thiol, mercapto or sulfide groups, e.g. thioethers or mercaptales
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3445—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfino groups, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3454—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfone groups, e.g. vinyl sulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3472—Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing -COOH groups or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • Eutrophication is the process of excessive fertilization of aquatic plants through enrichment of waters with nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, trace metals and vitamins.
  • alkali metal ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of certain sulfoaliphatic dicarboxylic acids can serve as effective detergent builders in detergent compositions.
  • the detergent builders and their acid forms employed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention can be generally described as a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the general formula:
  • COOH OOH wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO and S R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing l-3O carbon atoms, phenyl, carboxyl substituted and monodior tri-alkyl substituted phenyl, wherein the alkyl group or groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms; sulfoand carboxy-alkyl, wherein the alkyl moiety contains l-4 carbon atoms; and R'Z(CH CH O)nCI-l Cl-I wherein R is H or alkyl containing 1-24 carbon atoms; Z is as above; and n is O or an integer of from l-l5 and the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof.
  • a'hydroxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-phenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyphenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkylphenoxy-fi-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-sulfoalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids 2 oz-hydroxyalkoxy-(B-sulfosuccinic. acids;
  • yalkoxy-B the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof; and the thio, sulfinyl and sulfonyl analogs of all the foregoing compounds wherein the oxygen group attached to the oz-carbon of the succinic acid or succinate moiety is replaced by -S-, SO- or SO respectively, and/or wherein the cases of the a-alkoxyethoxy compounds and the a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy compounds the oxygen attached to the alkyl group (R') is replaced by -S--, SO- or -SO
  • the nitrogen. containing a-substitutedB-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the following general formula:
  • R and R is hydrogen, C to C alkyl, C to C hydroxyalkyl, caarboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl and sulfoethyl, or R and R may be joined to form a morpholinyl moiety; with the proviso that both R, and R may not at the same time be hydrogen.
  • a-alkylamino-,B-sulfosuccinic acids such as B- methylamino, a-propylamino, a-octylamino and adaurylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid
  • a-dialkylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-dimethylamino, a-ethylmethylamino, a-methylhexylamino and a-dioctylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid
  • a-hydroxyalkyl-l3-sulfosuccinic acids such as ahydroxy-ethylamino, a-hydroxybutylamino and abis(hydroxyethyl)amino-B-sulfosuccinic acid
  • a-carboxyalkylaminoB-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-carboxymethylamino, a-carboxyethylamino-B- sulfosuccinic acid and the corresponding sulfo analogs
  • Formula Ill R OOH OOH agents.
  • the a-alkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids and the thio analogs containing from about 1-8 carbons, preferably from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, exhibit excellent detergent building properties whereas the higher homologs containing from about 9-30 and more preferably 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, additionally exhibit wetting, foaming and detergency properties.
  • a-alkoxyethoxy and ,B-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acid compounds containing from about 9-30 and preferably about 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety are also useful as wetting agents, foaming agents and detergents as well as detergent builders.
  • the builders of the present invention may be utilized as the free acid provided sufficient alkaline additives are included in the detergent composition to convert the acid forms in situ to the normal salt forms, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of the a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids are preferred. Included in the substituted ammonium salts that can be employed are the monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, morpholinium, N-methylmonoethanolammonium and N-ethylmonoethanolammonium salts and mixtures thereof.
  • the utility of the compounds of the present invention is not only reflected in terms of excellent building and biodegradability properties but also in low cost of preparation, since they are prepared from readily available and inexpensive materials.
  • the compounds contemplated in this invention are derived from sulfomaleic anhydride and readily available alcohols, thiols, hydroxy acids and amines.
  • the compounds contemplated in this invention are reaction products derived at least in part from sulfomaleic acid or sulfomaleic acid with compounds having an active hydrogen atom.
  • Compounds having an active hydrogen and suitable for use in preparing the builders of the present invention are monodior polyhydric alcohols and monodior polyhydroxy acids and their sulfur-containing analogs.
  • Suitable examples of the aforementioned monohydric alcohols include alkoxyalkanols such as methoxyethanol and the linear primary and secondary alcohols containing up to 30 carbon atoms and their thio analogs; aromatic alcohols particularly the carbocyclic monoand bicyclic aromatic alcohols, such as naphthols and phenols and the monodior tri- C C 'alkyl ring substituted derivatives thereof.
  • dihydn'c alcohols include the glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, long chain 1,2-diols containing from 8-30 carbon atoms and aromatic carbocyclic glycols such as phenylethylene glycol.
  • suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, pentacrythritol, hexanetriol, sugars and their thio analogs.
  • the hydroxy carboxylic and sulfonic acids may also react with sulfomaleic anhydride and sulfomaleic acid.
  • sulfomaleic anhydride include glycollic, lactic, glyceric, hydroxypropionic, salicyclic and mercapto acetic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid.
  • Still another important class of compounds containing active hydrogens are ethylene oxide adducts of C to C30 Primary and secondary alcohols with 1-15 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • the a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an O or S linkage, may be prepared by heating at a temperature of from about 25to 120C, and preferably 60to 100C, sulfomaleic anhydride with a compound having an active hydrogen followed by further treatment with an alkali metal hydroxide.
  • the desired a-oxy or oz-thio-B-sulfosuccinate may then be recovered and purified using conventional techniques.
  • a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an S0 or S0 linkage may be prepared by treating the appropriate a-substituted thio- B-sulfosuccinate with hydrogen peroxideaccording to the methods described on pages 471-472 in the text, Reagents for Organic Synthesis by Fieser and Fieser, published by Jonn Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1967, incorporated by reference herein.
  • a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an amino function may be prepared by reacting an appropriately substituted or unsubstituted primary or secondary amine with alkali metal salts of sulfomaleic acid.
  • Typical amines suitable for reaction to form the a-substituted amino-62 -sulfosuccinates include:
  • a-amino substituted-B-sulfosuccinates derived from water-soluble amines may be prepared by reacting in aqueous solution without the aid of heat and those derived from water-insoluble amines (i.e., higher alkylamines) are reacted in a mixed solvent system such as ethanol/ water or dioxane/water at temperatures ranging from about 25C to about C; isolation from the reaction medium, and purification if desired, being effected by conventional methods.
  • a mixed solvent system such as ethanol/ water or dioxane/water
  • the compounds of Formula III may be prepared by reacting the tertiary amine compounds of Formula II with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acid in the manner described for oxidizing tertiary amines by l-Ioh et al., J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc., 40, 268 (1963).
  • oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acid
  • the amount of base utilized will determine whether the monodior tri-salt is obtained. For example, the use of one mole of base (i.e., sodium hydroxide) per mole of a-hydroxyB-sulfosuccinic acid yields the monosodium salt; the use of two moles of sodium hydroxide, the disodium salt and the use of three moles of sodium hydroxide, the trisodium salt.
  • R is carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl or sulfoethyl
  • other bases such as ammonium hydroxide and organic amines, may be utilized in the same manner to afford the type of salt desired.
  • the builders can be used singularly, in combination with each other as the sole builder in the detergent composition or in combination with other well-known detergent builders such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium phyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, disodium oxydiacetate, trisodium citrate, trisodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, salts of oxidized starches and sodium or potassium carbonate, as well as other conventional organic and inorganic builders.
  • detergent builders such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium phyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, disodium oxydiacetate, trisodium citrate, trisodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, salts of oxidized starches and sodium or potassium carbonate, as well as other conventional organic and in
  • the wash solutions should have a pH from about 7 to 12 and preferably from about 9 to 11 throughout the washing cycle. Therefore, the presence of an alkaline buffer in the detergent composition is usually desirable particularly when the soil to be removed from the clothes has a high content of acidic components.
  • Suitable buffers include any of the common organic and/or inorganic buffers such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium and potassium silicates, sodium and potassium carbonates and bicarbonates and the like.
  • the only essential ingredients are the detergent surface active material and the builder.
  • the weight percent of the builder present in the detergent composition will range from about 5 to about 90% and preferably from about 20 to about 60% and more preferably 35-50% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
  • the builders used in the instant invention will generally be present in a ratio of about 1:10 to about :1, and preferably 2:1 to 5:1 depending on the end use or whether a heavy-duty or light-duty detergent is desired.
  • the ratio of builder to surfactant is from about 10:1 to about 50:1. 1
  • the detergent surface active compounds which can be used within the compositions of this invention include anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic detergent compounds and mixtures thereof. These suitable substances are outlined at length below.
  • Anionic detergent compositions which can be used in the compositions of this invention include both soap and non-soap detergent compounds.
  • suitable soaps are the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C C Particularly useful are the sodium or potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap and tall oil.
  • anionic organic non-soap 6 detergent compounds are the water soluble salts, alkali metal salts of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals.
  • Nonionic synthetic detergents may be broadly defined as compounds which do not ionize in water solution.
  • a well-known class of nonionic synthetic detergents is made available on the market under the trade name of Pluronic. These compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with an hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • the hydrophobic portion of the molecule which, of course, exhibits water insolubility has a molecular weight of from about 1,500 to 1,800.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product.
  • nonionic synthetic detergents include:
  • the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, e.g., the condensation productts of alkylphenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenols.
  • the alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from polymerized propylene, disobutylene, octene, dodecene or nonene, for example.
  • Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are satisfactory.
  • compounds containing from about 40 to about 80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said hydrophobic base having a molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000 are satisfactory.
  • ethylene oxide e.g., a coconut alcohol-ethylene oxide condensate having from 6 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the conconut alcohol fraction having from to 14 carbon atoms; a C C random secondary alcohol derived from n-paraffins and condensed with 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of secondary alcohol.
  • R R R N Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula, R R R N 0, wherein R is an alkyl radical of from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and R and R are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxy ethyl radicals.
  • the arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of semi-polar bond.
  • amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide and dimethylhexadecylamine oxide, N-bis(hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide.
  • dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, ethylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, dimethylstearylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide, diethyldodecylphosphine oxide, diethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, bis(hydroxymethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide,
  • dimethyloleylphosphine oxide dimethyl-2-hydroxydodecylphosphine oxide.
  • suitable sulfoxide compounds are:
  • Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group.
  • Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium-3-dodecylaminopropionate and sodium-3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate and sodium N-2- hydroxydodecyl-N-methyl-taurate.
  • Zwitterionic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds, sulfonium compounds and phosphonium compounds in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substifiients contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group.
  • Examples of compounds falling within this definition are 3 (N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)propanel -sulfonate, 3-( N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio )-2-hydroxypropanel -sulfonate, 3-(dodecylmethylsulfonium) propane sulfonate, and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium)ethane sulfonate.
  • compositions of the invention include those conventionally present therein.
  • Typical examples thereof include the well-known soil-suspending agents, hydrotropes, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, perfumes, fillers such as sodium sulfate, optical brighteners, perborates, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, suds boosters, suds depressants, germicides, fungicides, anti-tarnishing agents, cationic detergents, fabric softening agents and in the case of liquid compositions, opacifiers and organic solvents.
  • the balance of the detergent compositions may be water or inert filler.
  • the detergency of the formulation is significantly enhanced particularly at low formulation concentration (-0.l8) which are typically used by the US. housewife.
  • the detergent formulation should contain surfactant levels of about 25 to about 45% by weight and the sulfosuccinate derivative salt levels of about 25 to about by weight in the cases where the surfactants are anionic, ampholytic or Zwitterionic.
  • the surfactant is a nonionic
  • enhanced detergency results are obtained when the level of said nonionic in the formulation is from about 15 to 30% by weight and the level of sulfosuccinate derivative salt is from about 25 to about by weight.
  • the builders of the present invention find utility as boiler scale removers, stain removers and general chelating agents.
  • Table 1 further illustrates the present invention.
  • the detergent formulations set forth in the Table represent detergent compositions containing the builders of the present invention in combination with representative classes of surface active agents compared with control or standard phosphate built detergent compositions.
  • the compositions were prepared by blending together the recited components in the proportions indicated, including an anticorrosive agent and buffer agent (sodium silicate).
  • the compositions were then tested on vacuum cleaner dust soiled cloth for detergency or cleaning ability in the Terg-O-Tometer test; wherein washing conditions are as indicated and the results reported as detergency units.
  • the average detergency units (DU) of the formulation is the final reflectance value of the washed cloth (average of 2 runs) minus the initial reflectance of the solid cloth, the reflectances being obtained by measurement with a Gardner automatic color difference meter, Model AC-3.
  • Sulfomaleic anhydride was prepared by heating a mixture of 1 mole of sulfur trio xide with 1 mole of maleic anhydride first at 60C until the exothermic reaction subsided and then at 100-l 10C for 3 hours. Forty-five gm of sulfomaleic anhydride product was then mixed with 45 gm of ice and the resulting solution extracted 25 times with 50 ml portions of ether to remove maleic acid. A 20 ml portion of the resulting aqueous phase was collected, adjusted to pH 11 with calcium hydroxide and refluxed for 4 hours. NMR analysis indicated that all of the sulfomaleic acid had hydrated within the first hour of reflux.
  • reaction mixture was then passed through a column of cation exchange resin. A portion of the effluent was then neutralized to pH 8.5 and evaporated to a white crystalline residue (19.2 gm), which contained 80.9% of trisodium a-hydroxy-B- sulfosuccinate as determined by NMR analysis (using D solvent and K biphthalate as an internal standard) and 10.4% water by Karl Fischer analysis.
  • Component Composition Water Formulation Concentration, Detergency (DUs) bal
  • Component Controls Composition) a-hydroxy" a-( Z-hydroxyethoxy a-dodecyloxy" a-methoxy" a-carboxymetho xy a-dodecyloxyethoxy" a-dodecylthio" Na P O Sodium silicate (SiO :Na O
  • Trisodium a-mercapto-B-sulfosuccinate trisodium a-methylthio-B-sulfosuccinate trisodium aethylthio-B-sulfosuccinate
  • EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Trisodium a-Methoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride, 3.9 gm, was dissolved in 25 ml of methanol and refluxed for hours. Then, 24 gm of 25% sodium rnethoxide is methanol was added and the solution was refluxed for 2 hours. The methanol was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 100 ml of water and heated for 1 hour at 80C.
  • a-ethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate may be prepared by substituting ethanol and sodium ethoxide in the procedure described above.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of Trisodium a-Dodecyloxy fl-sulfosuccin ate Sulfomaleic anhydride gm) are mixed with 80 gm (0.45 mole) of n-dodecanol and heated at 100C for 14 hours. A solution of 7.04 gm of sodium hydroxide in 50 ml water is then added and the mixture heated at 60C for 2 hours.
  • EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of Trisodium a-Hydroxyethoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride (20 gm) is mixed with 37.2 gm (0.6 mole) of ethylene glycol and heated at 80C for 4 hours. A solution of 16 gm (0.4 mole) of sodium hydroxide in ml of water is then added and the mixture heated at C for 4 hours. The mixture is then mixed with acetone to precipitate trisodium a-hydroxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate, which is pruified by repeated extractions with hot acetone to remove all ethylene glycol and water followed by filtration and drying in an oven.
  • EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of the Tetrasodium Salt of a-Carboxymethyloxy-B-Sulfosuccinic Acid Sulfomaleic anhydride (19.4 gm) is heated to 60C and combined with 76 gm of ethyl glycolate. After heating the mixture at 80C for 5 /z hours, there is added a solution of 45 gm of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 135 gm of water and heating is continued at 80 for an additional 3 hours. The mixture is then diluted with water and passed through a column of a cation exchange resin. The resulting eluent is then evaporated in vacuo to a low volume and the concentrate extracted repeatedly with acetone to remove glycolic acid and other impurities.
  • EXAMPLE 1 1 Preparation of Trisodium a-( 2-Hydroxyethylamino )-,B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride (prepared from a 1/1 mole ratio of SO /maleic anhydride by heating the mixture at 110C for 3 hours; active content, 86%), 20.7 gm (0.1 mole), was added to 100 gm of ice. The resulting solution was kept at l015C and neutralized to pH 8.6 by slowly adding 28.4 gm of 50% sodium hydroxide. Monoethanolamine, 6.1 gm (0.1 mole), was next added slowly and the temperature allowed to rise to room temperature.

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Abstract

Novel salts of Alpha -substituted- Beta -sulfosuccinic acids having the general formula:

wherein R is hydrogen or an organic moiety, Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, N and NO and M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cations, useful as detergents and/or detergent builders and detergent compositions containing same.

Description

' United States Patent [191 Lamberti Nov. 4, 1975 SULFOSUCCINATE DERIVATIVES AS Primary ExaminerJames 0. Thomas, Jr.
DETERGENT BUILDERS Assistant Examiner-Nicky Chan [75] Inventor: Vincent Lamberti, Upper Saddle Attorney Agent or Flrm Amold Grant River, N..l.
[73] Assignee: Lever Brothers Company, New [57] ABSTRACT York, NY. Novel salts of a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids hav- [22] Filed: July 1974 ing the general formula: [21] Appl. No.: 484,919
Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 394,613, Sept. 5, 1973, which is R Z-CH- H-SO M a division of Ser. No. 156,933, June 25, 1971, abandoned. COOM COOM [52] US. Cl. 260/247.1 E; 260/501.12;
260/513 R; 260/513 252/546 whereln R 1s hydrogen or an organic molety, Z 1s se- 252/547 252/552 lected from the group conslsting of O, S, SO, S0 N [51] Int Cl 2 C0,") 295/00 CO7fC 143/16 and NO and M is an alkali metal, ammonium or sub- Fie'ld 260/513 R 513 B 513 H stituted ammonium cations, useful as detergents and- 2605 501 19 21 1 /or detergent builders and detergent compositions containing same. [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1 Claim, N0 Drawings 3,635,829 1/1974 Yang 252/526 3,706,771 12/1974 Kremers 260/3468 SULFOSUCCINATE DERIVATIVES AS DETERGENT BUILDERS This is a division of application Ser. No. 394,613, filed Sept. 5, 1973 which in turn is a division of Ser. No. 156,933, filed June 25, 1971, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Eutrophication is the process of excessive fertilization of aquatic plants through enrichment of waters with nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, trace metals and vitamins.
Although there is no present adequate proof, it has been postulated that the phosphorus-containing builders present in detergent compositions can be a factor in eutrophication. Therefore any substitutes which do not contaian phosphorus may decrease to some extent the eutrophication.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide novel compounds which are useful as detergent builders. It is another object of the present invention to provide novel compounds which function as surface active agents and as detergent builders. It is still another object of the present invention to provide detergent compositions which are free of phosphorus-containing builders such as the alkali metal condensed phosphates.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has now been discovered that the alkali metal ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of certain sulfoaliphatic dicarboxylic acids can serve as effective detergent builders in detergent compositions. The detergent builders and their acid forms employed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention can be generally described as a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the general formula:
COOH OOH wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO and S R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing l-3O carbon atoms, phenyl, carboxyl substituted and monodior tri-alkyl substituted phenyl, wherein the alkyl group or groups contain 1-4 carbon atoms; sulfoand carboxy-alkyl, wherein the alkyl moiety contains l-4 carbon atoms; and R'Z(CH CH O)nCI-l Cl-I wherein R is H or alkyl containing 1-24 carbon atoms; Z is as above; and n is O or an integer of from l-l5 and the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof.
Thus, specific compounds and classes of compounds embraced by the generic formula above include:
a'hydroxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-phenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyphenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkylphenoxy-fi-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-sulfoalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids 2 oz-hydroxyalkoxy-(B-sulfosuccinic. acids;
yalkoxy-B the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof; and the thio, sulfinyl and sulfonyl analogs of all the foregoing compounds wherein the oxygen group attached to the oz-carbon of the succinic acid or succinate moiety is replaced by -S-, SO- or SO respectively, and/or wherein the cases of the a-alkoxyethoxy compounds and the a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy compounds the oxygen attached to the alkyl group (R') is replaced by -S--, SO- or -SO In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention are the nitrogen. containing a-substitutedB-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the following general formula:
hydroxwherein at least one of R and R is hydrogen, C to C alkyl, C to C hydroxyalkyl, caarboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl and sulfoethyl, or R and R may be joined to form a morpholinyl moiety; with the proviso that both R, and R may not at the same time be hydrogen.
Thus, broadly the compounds of Formula I differ from the compounds of Formula II only in the atom represented by Z.
Representative compounds and classes of compounds embraced by generic Formula 11 above include:
a-alkylamino-,B-sulfosuccinic acids such as B- methylamino, a-propylamino, a-octylamino and adaurylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid; a-dialkylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-dimethylamino, a-ethylmethylamino, a-methylhexylamino and a-dioctylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid;
a-hydroxyalkyl-l3-sulfosuccinic acids such as ahydroxy-ethylamino, a-hydroxybutylamino and abis(hydroxyethyl)amino-B-sulfosuccinic acid; a-carboxyalkylaminoB-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-carboxymethylamino, a-carboxyethylamino-B- sulfosuccinic acid and the corresponding sulfo analogs;
a-morpholinyl-B-sulfosuccinic acid; and the mono or poly salts thereof.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention are the amine oxide derivatives of Formula 11, wherein the nitrogen is a tertiary atom, corresponding to the following general formula:
Formula Ill R OOH OOH agents. For example, the a-alkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids and the thio analogs, containing from about 1-8 carbons, preferably from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, exhibit excellent detergent building properties whereas the higher homologs containing from about 9-30 and more preferably 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, additionally exhibit wetting, foaming and detergency properties.
Similarly, the a-alkoxyethoxy and ,B-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acid compounds containing from about 9-30 and preferably about 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety are also useful as wetting agents, foaming agents and detergents as well as detergent builders.
Although the builders of the present invention may be utilized as the free acid provided sufficient alkaline additives are included in the detergent composition to convert the acid forms in situ to the normal salt forms, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of the a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids are preferred. Included in the substituted ammonium salts that can be employed are the monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, morpholinium, N-methylmonoethanolammonium and N-ethylmonoethanolammonium salts and mixtures thereof.
The utility of the compounds of the present invention is not only reflected in terms of excellent building and biodegradability properties but also in low cost of preparation, since they are prepared from readily available and inexpensive materials. For example, the compounds contemplated in this invention are derived from sulfomaleic anhydride and readily available alcohols, thiols, hydroxy acids and amines.
More specifically, the compounds contemplated in this invention are reaction products derived at least in part from sulfomaleic acid or sulfomaleic acid with compounds having an active hydrogen atom.
Compounds having an active hydrogen and suitable for use in preparing the builders of the present invention are monodior polyhydric alcohols and monodior polyhydroxy acids and their sulfur-containing analogs. Suitable examples of the aforementioned monohydric alcohols include alkoxyalkanols such as methoxyethanol and the linear primary and secondary alcohols containing up to 30 carbon atoms and their thio analogs; aromatic alcohols particularly the carbocyclic monoand bicyclic aromatic alcohols, such as naphthols and phenols and the monodior tri- C C 'alkyl ring substituted derivatives thereof. Suitable examples of dihydn'c alcohols include the glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, long chain 1,2-diols containing from 8-30 carbon atoms and aromatic carbocyclic glycols such as phenylethylene glycol. Similarly, suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, pentacrythritol, hexanetriol, sugars and their thio analogs.
4 In addition to the alcohols, the hydroxy carboxylic and sulfonic acids (in their ester and acid/salt forms, respectively) may also react with sulfomaleic anhydride and sulfomaleic acid. These include glycollic, lactic, glyceric, hydroxypropionic, salicyclic and mercapto acetic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid.
Still another important class of compounds containing active hydrogens are ethylene oxide adducts of C to C30 Primary and secondary alcohols with 1-15 moles of ethylene oxide.
In general, the a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts, wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an O or S linkage, may be prepared by heating at a temperature of from about 25to 120C, and preferably 60to 100C, sulfomaleic anhydride with a compound having an active hydrogen followed by further treatment with an alkali metal hydroxide. The desired a-oxy or oz-thio-B-sulfosuccinate may then be recovered and purified using conventional techniques.
The a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an S0 or S0 linkage may be prepared by treating the appropriate a-substituted thio- B-sulfosuccinate with hydrogen peroxideaccording to the methods described on pages 471-472 in the text, Reagents for Organic Synthesis by Fieser and Fieser, published by Jonn Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1967, incorporated by reference herein.
The a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an amino function (Formula II) may be prepared by reacting an appropriately substituted or unsubstituted primary or secondary amine with alkali metal salts of sulfomaleic acid. Typical amines suitable for reaction to form the a-substituted amino-62 -sulfosuccinates include:
ethanolamine diethanolamine propanolamine morpholine N-methylethanolamine glycine alanine N-methyl taurine alkylamines containing 1-20 carbons in the alkyl chain, as well as other amines having a replaceable or active hydrogen and a basicity comparable to the aforementioned amines.
In particular the a-amino substituted-B-sulfosuccinates derived from water-soluble amines may be prepared by reacting in aqueous solution without the aid of heat and those derived from water-insoluble amines (i.e., higher alkylamines) are reacted in a mixed solvent system such as ethanol/ water or dioxane/water at temperatures ranging from about 25C to about C; isolation from the reaction medium, and purification if desired, being effected by conventional methods.
The compounds of Formula III may be prepared by reacting the tertiary amine compounds of Formula II with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acid in the manner described for oxidizing tertiary amines by l-Ioh et al., J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc., 40, 268 (1963).
In preparing the sulfosuccinate salts from the free acid, the amount of base utilized will determine whether the monodior tri-salt is obtained. For example, the use of one mole of base (i.e., sodium hydroxide) per mole of a-hydroxyB-sulfosuccinic acid yields the monosodium salt; the use of two moles of sodium hydroxide, the disodium salt and the use of three moles of sodium hydroxide, the trisodium salt. When R is carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl or sulfoethyl, a tetrasalt can also be obtained. Similarly, other bases, such as ammonium hydroxide and organic amines, may be utilized in the same manner to afford the type of salt desired.
According to the present invention, excellent cleaning results can be obtained by using the builders described above with a wide range of detergent surface active materials and mixtures thereof in any of the usual physical forms for such compositions such as powders, beads, flakes, bars, tablets, noodles, liquids and the like. The builders can be used singularly, in combination with each other as the sole builder in the detergent composition or in combination with other well-known detergent builders such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium phyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, disodium oxydiacetate, trisodium citrate, trisodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, salts of oxidized starches and sodium or potassium carbonate, as well as other conventional organic and inorganic builders.
When using the detergent compositions of the invention to wash clothes, the wash solutions should have a pH from about 7 to 12 and preferably from about 9 to 11 throughout the washing cycle. Therefore, the presence of an alkaline buffer in the detergent composition is usually desirable particularly when the soil to be removed from the clothes has a high content of acidic components. Suitable buffers include any of the common organic and/or inorganic buffers such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium and potassium silicates, sodium and potassium carbonates and bicarbonates and the like. In the detergent compositions of the present invention, the only essential ingredients are the detergent surface active material and the builder. The weight percent of the builder present in the detergent composition will range from about 5 to about 90% and preferably from about 20 to about 60% and more preferably 35-50% by weight of the total weight of the composition. When expressed as a weight ratio of builder to surfactant, the builders used in the instant invention will generally be present in a ratio of about 1:10 to about :1, and preferably 2:1 to 5:1 depending on the end use or whether a heavy-duty or light-duty detergent is desired. When the builders are used in mechanical dishwashing compositions, the ratio of builder to surfactant is from about 10:1 to about 50:1. 1
The detergent surface active compounds which can be used within the compositions of this invention include anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic detergent compounds and mixtures thereof. These suitable substances are outlined at length below.
a. Anionic detergent compositions which can be used in the compositions of this invention include both soap and non-soap detergent compounds. Examples of suitable soaps are the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C C Particularly useful are the sodium or potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap and tall oil. Examples of anionic organic non-soap 6 detergent compounds are the water soluble salts, alkali metal salts of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals. Important examples of the synthetic detergents which form a part of the compositions of the present invention are the sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C -C carbon atoms) produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium or potassium alkyl benzensulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 20 carbon atoms and in which the alkyl group is attached to the benzene ring in either the one position or at the secondary positions such as in LAS, sodium p-( 2 dodecylbenzenesulfon ate, sodium p-( 2-octadecyl benzenesulfonates and sodium p-(3-dodecyl)benzene sulfonate; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters and carboxymethylated derivatives of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and about 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms; the reaction product of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil; sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine in which the fatty acids, for example, are derived from coconut; alkane sulfonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms with sodium bisulfite and those derived by reacting paraffins with S0,, and C1 and then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a random sulfonate; alpha-olefin sulfonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins with S0 and then neutralizing the reaction product; and others known in the art. *Sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C benzene sulfonate.
b. Nonionic synthetic detergents may be broadly defined as compounds which do not ionize in water solution. For example, a well-known class of nonionic synthetic detergents is made available on the market under the trade name of Pluronic. These compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with an hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule which, of course, exhibits water insolubility has a molecular weight of from about 1,500 to 1,800. The addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product.
Other suitable nonionic synthetic detergents include:
1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, e.g., the condensation productts of alkylphenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenols. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from polymerized propylene, disobutylene, octene, dodecene or nonene, for example.
2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. For example, compounds containing from about 40 to about 80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said hydrophobic base having a molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000 are satisfactory.
3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols, primary or secondary, having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched configuration, with ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut alcohol-ethylene oxide condensate having from 6 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the conconut alcohol fraction having from to 14 carbon atoms; a C C random secondary alcohol derived from n-paraffins and condensed with 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of secondary alcohol.
4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula, R R R N 0, wherein R is an alkyl radical of from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and R and R are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxy ethyl radicals. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of semi-polar bond. Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide and dimethylhexadecylamine oxide, N-bis(hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide.
5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the following formula RR'R"P 0, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length and R and R are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of suitable phosphine oxides are:
dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide,
dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, ethylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, dimethylstearylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide, diethyldodecylphosphine oxide, diethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, bis(hydroxymethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide,
bis( 2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide,
2-hydroxypropylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide,
dimethyloleylphosphine oxide, and dimethyl-2-hydroxydodecylphosphine oxide.
6. Dialkyl sulfoxides corresponding to the following formula, RR'S 0, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, beta-or gamma-monohydroxyalkyl radical or an alkyl or beta-or gamma-monohydroxyalkyl radical containing one or two other oxygen atoms in the chain, the R groups ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, and wherein R is methyl, ethyl or alkylol. Examples of suitable sulfoxide compounds are:
dodecyl methyl sulfoxide tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxydodecyl methyl sulfoxide 8 3-hydroxy-4-decyloxybutyl methyl sulfoxide 3-hydroxy-4-dodecylcoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxy-3-decyloxypropyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl methyl sulfoxide dodecyl ethyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxydodecyl ethyl sulfoxide dodecyl-Z-hydroxy ethyl sulfoxide c. Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium-3-dodecylaminopropionate and sodium-3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate and sodium N-2- hydroxydodecyl-N-methyl-taurate.
d. Zwitterionic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds, sulfonium compounds and phosphonium compounds in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substifiients contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are 3 (N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)propanel -sulfonate, 3-( N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio )-2-hydroxypropanel -sulfonate, 3-(dodecylmethylsulfonium) propane sulfonate, and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium)ethane sulfonate.
Other materials which may be present in the detergent compositions of the invention in generally minor amounts are those conventionally present therein. Typical examples thereof include the well-known soil-suspending agents, hydrotropes, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, perfumes, fillers such as sodium sulfate, optical brighteners, perborates, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, suds boosters, suds depressants, germicides, fungicides, anti-tarnishing agents, cationic detergents, fabric softening agents and in the case of liquid compositions, opacifiers and organic solvents. The balance of the detergent compositions may be water or inert filler.
It has been discovered that when higher than normal levels of anionic, nonionic ampholytic or Zwitterionic surfactants are used with the sulfosuccinate derivative salts of this invention, the detergency of the formulation is significantly enhanced particularly at low formulation concentration (-0.l8) which are typically used by the US. housewife. For enhanced results the detergent formulation should contain surfactant levels of about 25 to about 45% by weight and the sulfosuccinate derivative salt levels of about 25 to about by weight in the cases where the surfactants are anionic, ampholytic or Zwitterionic. When the surfactant is a nonionic, enhanced detergency results are obtained when the level of said nonionic in the formulation is from about 15 to 30% by weight and the level of sulfosuccinate derivative salt is from about 25 to about by weight.
In addition to their use in general household detergent compositions, the builders of the present invention find utility as boiler scale removers, stain removers and general chelating agents. When used at pl-ls of about 2 to about 5 as partially neutralized alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts, especially in combination with wetting agents and surfactants, the compounds of the invention are excellent metal cleaning compounds.
Table 1 further illustrates the present invention. The detergent formulations set forth in the Table represent detergent compositions containing the builders of the present invention in combination with representative classes of surface active agents compared with control or standard phosphate built detergent compositions. The compositions were prepared by blending together the recited components in the proportions indicated, including an anticorrosive agent and buffer agent (sodium silicate). The compositions were then tested on vacuum cleaner dust soiled cloth for detergency or cleaning ability in the Terg-O-Tometer test; wherein washing conditions are as indicated and the results reported as detergency units. The average detergency units (DU) of the formulation is the final reflectance value of the washed cloth (average of 2 runs) minus the initial reflectance of the solid cloth, the reflectances being obtained by measurement with a Gardner automatic color difference meter, Model AC-3.
TABLE 1 Sulfomaleic anhydride was prepared by heating a mixture of 1 mole of sulfur trio xide with 1 mole of maleic anhydride first at 60C until the exothermic reaction subsided and then at 100-l 10C for 3 hours. Forty-five gm of sulfomaleic anhydride product was then mixed with 45 gm of ice and the resulting solution extracted 25 times with 50 ml portions of ether to remove maleic acid. A 20 ml portion of the resulting aqueous phase was collected, adjusted to pH 11 with calcium hydroxide and refluxed for 4 hours. NMR analysis indicated that all of the sulfomaleic acid had hydrated within the first hour of reflux. The reaction mixture was then passed through a column of cation exchange resin. A portion of the effluent was then neutralized to pH 8.5 and evaporated to a white crystalline residue (19.2 gm), which contained 80.9% of trisodium a-hydroxy-B- sulfosuccinate as determined by NMR analysis (using D solvent and K biphthalate as an internal standard) and 10.4% water by Karl Fischer analysis.
Component Composition Water Formulation Concentration, Detergency (DUs) bal Component Controls Composition) a-hydroxy" a-( Z-hydroxyethoxy a-dodecyloxy" a-methoxy" a-carboxymetho xy a-dodecyloxyethoxy" a-dodecylthio" Na P O Sodium silicate (SiO :Na O
Anionic Anionic Nonionic" Am pholytic" Zwitterionic' Water Formulation Concentration, 7: Detergency (DU '5) bal V 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sodium salts of a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate Sodium linear secondary alkyl (C 15) benzene sulfonate Sodium C ,,C,, a-olefin sulfonate "C -C linear secondary alcohols ethoxylated with 7 moles ethylene oxide/mole alcohol 'C C HAMT (sodium hydroxyalkyl Nmelhyl taurate) 'Sulfobetaine DCH (cododimethylsulfopropyl betaine) Washing conditions ppm (2:1 Ca 'IMg); F: pH 10 EXAMPLE 2 a-Thiosubstituted-B-Sulfosuccinates The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except that in place of Ca(OH) the pH is adjusted to 8.6 with NaOH. Then, an aqueous solution containing excess sodium hydrosulfide, sodium methyl mercaptide of sodium ethyl mercaptide is added and the resulting solution allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture is then passed through a column of cation exchange resin and the effluent evaporated to low volume. The pH is the adjusted to 8.5 with sodium hydroxide and the solution evaporated to dryness. In this way, there is afforded respectively:
trisodium a-mercapto-B-sulfosuccinate trisodium a-methylthio-B-sulfosuccinate trisodium aethylthio-B-sulfosuccinate EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Trisodium a-Methoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride, 3.9 gm, was dissolved in 25 ml of methanol and refluxed for hours. Then, 24 gm of 25% sodium rnethoxide is methanol was added and the solution was refluxed for 2 hours. The methanol was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 100 ml of water and heated for 1 hour at 80C. The solution was then decolorized with 5 gm of charcoal, filtered and evaporated. The crude residue of trisodium a-methoxy-B-sulfosuccinate was purified by trituration with acetic acid and then filtered, washed with acetone and dried.
a-ethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate may be prepared by substituting ethanol and sodium ethoxide in the procedure described above.
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of Trisodium a-Dodecyloxy fl-sulfosuccin ate Sulfomaleic anhydride gm) are mixed with 80 gm (0.45 mole) of n-dodecanol and heated at 100C for 14 hours. A solution of 7.04 gm of sodium hydroxide in 50 ml water is then added and the mixture heated at 60C for 2 hours. The heated mixture is then extracted 3 times with 300 cc portions of acetone (at reflux) and the acetone insoluble fraction is then filtered, washed with additional acetone and dried to give 16.2 gm of the title compound (structure confirmed by NMR and ion exchange of a sample followed by titration with standard hydroxide: neutralization equivalent: found 147.0, theory 149.3).
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Trisodium a-Dodecyloxyethoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Using the procedure of Example 4 and substituting 37 gm (0.32 mole) of 2-dodecyloxyethanol in place of the n-dodecanol there is obtained trisodium adodecyloxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate.
EXAMPLES 6-8 Using n-tetradecanol in place of n-dodecanol in the procedure of Example 4 and carrying out the hydrolysis step with 10% excess aqueous sodium hydroxide at 80C for 4 hours instead of 60C at 2 hours, there is obtained trisodium a-tetradecy1oxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 6). Similarly, using n-hexadecanol in place of n- 12 dodecanol, there is obtained trisodium a-hexadecyloxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 7); using noctadecanol, there is obtained trisodium aoctadecyloxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 8).
EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of Trisodium a-Hydroxyethoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride (20 gm) is mixed with 37.2 gm (0.6 mole) of ethylene glycol and heated at 80C for 4 hours. A solution of 16 gm (0.4 mole) of sodium hydroxide in ml of water is then added and the mixture heated at C for 4 hours. The mixture is then mixed with acetone to precipitate trisodium a-hydroxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate, which is pruified by repeated extractions with hot acetone to remove all ethylene glycol and water followed by filtration and drying in an oven.
EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of the Tetrasodium Salt of a-Carboxymethyloxy-B-Sulfosuccinic Acid Sulfomaleic anhydride (19.4 gm) is heated to 60C and combined with 76 gm of ethyl glycolate. After heating the mixture at 80C for 5 /z hours, there is added a solution of 45 gm of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 135 gm of water and heating is continued at 80 for an additional 3 hours. The mixture is then diluted with water and passed through a column of a cation exchange resin. The resulting eluent is then evaporated in vacuo to a low volume and the concentrate extracted repeatedly with acetone to remove glycolic acid and other impurities. The resulting extracted residue is then dissolved in water and the pH of the solution adjusted to 8.6 with dilute sodium hydroxide. Evaporation of the solution in vacuo and drying over P 0 gives a residue of the tetrasodium salt of a-carboxymethyloxy-B-sulfosuccinic acid.
EXAMPLE 1 1 Preparation of Trisodium a-( 2-Hydroxyethylamino )-,B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride (prepared from a 1/1 mole ratio of SO /maleic anhydride by heating the mixture at 110C for 3 hours; active content, 86%), 20.7 gm (0.1 mole), was added to 100 gm of ice. The resulting solution was kept at l015C and neutralized to pH 8.6 by slowly adding 28.4 gm of 50% sodium hydroxide. Monoethanolamine, 6.1 gm (0.1 mole), was next added slowly and the temperature allowed to rise to room temperature. After standing overnight, the reaction mixture was poured into 800 ml of acetone. The solvent was then decanted from the resulting syrupy lower layer and the latter reprecipitated three times from water with fresh acetone. The residue was then dried in a dessicator over P 0 to give 38.8 gm of an off-white, granular product containing approximately 88% trisodium a-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-B-sulfosuccinate by titration with perchloric acid. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.
The above method is satisfactory for reacting watersoluble amino compounds with sulfomaleic anhydride. For water insoluble amino compounds such as the higher alkyl amines, a mixed solvent system such as ethanol/water and dioxane/water is used together with temperatures in the range of 25-80C.
Table 2 indicates the reactants and procedure required to obtain other a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts having the R and Z moieties set forth in Formula TABLE 2 R Example Reactants (Sulfomaleic Anhydride H 1 Water Alkyl (C -C 3 C or C alcohol Alkyl (C;,-C 48 C;,C; primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol Phenyl L8 Phenol Carboxyphenyl 10 Methyl salicylate Alkylphenyl 4-8 Alkylphenol o, m, p methylphenyl 4-8 0, m, p cresol, carvacrol, thymol HOOCCH lO Ethyl glycolate MethyLB-hydroxypropionate HO0C-CH Cl-l HO SCH CH;, lsethionic acid R'O(CH2CHz )nCH2CHg R'O(CH CH20),.CH CH OH HOCH CH OCH CH H0CH CH OCH CH OH HO(CH,Cl-l O) CH,Cl-l HO(CH CH O) CH CH 0H OOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOO OOO N Trimethylene glycol Hexamethylene glycol Sodium hydrosulfide Sodium C,C alkyl mercaptide C;,C alkylmercaptan Thiophenol Methyl Z-mercaptobenzoate Alkylthiophenol Ethyl mercaptoacetate Methyl fi-mercaptopropionate- Mercaptoelhanesulfonic acid RO(CH CH O),,CH CH SH HOCH CH OCl-l CH SNa HO(CH CH 0) CH CH SNa HO(CH O), CH CH SNa HO(CH2CH2O)I5CH2CH2SN3 CH CH 0(CH CH O) CH Cl-l Sl-l 3(, 2)n(( 2 2 )9 z 2 CH (CH O(CH CH O) CH CH SH CH CH S(CH CH 0) CH CH SH CH CH S(CH H O) CH CH SH Sodium 2-hydroxymethylmercaptide Sodium 3-hydroxypropylmercaptide Sodium 6-hydroxyhexylmercaptide C -C alkylmercaptan" C -C alkylmercaptan Thiophenol" Methyl 2-mercaptobenzoate Alkylthiophenol" Ethylmercaptoacetate" Methyl B-mercaptopropionate" R'0(CH CH O),,CH CH SH Sodium 2-hydroxyethylmercaptide Sodium 3-hydroxypropylmercaptide Sodium 6-hydroxyhexylmercaptide C C alkylmercaptan" C -C alkylmercaptan Thiophenol" Methyl Z-mercaptobenzoate Ethyl mercaptoacetate "Followed by oxidation to sulfoxide according to Fieser reference. Followed by oxidation to sulfone according to Fieser reference.
What is claimed is:
1. An a-alkylsulfinyl-B-sulfosuccinic acid having the 60 general formula:
0 T RSCHCHSO H I I COOl-l COOH 65 group containing 2-30 carbon atoms.

Claims (1)

1. AN A-ALKYLSULFINYL-B-SULFOSUCCINIC ACID HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA:
US484919A 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders Expired - Lifetime US3917601A (en)

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DE19722230073 DE2230073A1 (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-20 Alpha-substituted beta-sulfosuccinic acids and their use as builders in detergents
GB2905772A GB1398421A (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-21 Sulphosuccinate derivatives for use as detergent builders
GB78575A GB1398422A (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-21 Sulphosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
FR727222899A FR2143437B1 (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-23
AT542872A AT321437B (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-23 laundry detergent
CH775776A CH588452A5 (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-23
CH942672A CH588551A5 (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-23
NL7208735A NL7208735A (en) 1971-06-25 1972-06-26
US394613A US3925375A (en) 1971-06-25 1973-09-05 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US401482A US3912663A (en) 1971-06-25 1973-09-27 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484741A US3922271A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,918 US3950331A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484744A US3922272A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,916 US3936448A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 α-Amino-β-sulfosuccinates
US05/484,917 US3935206A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484919A US3917601A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,920 US3957775A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/578,704 US3976642A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-05-19 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/578,705 US3984408A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-05-19 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/578,703 US3968110A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-05-19 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/589,959 US3989700A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-06-24 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/589,960 US3970653A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-06-24 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/589,961 US3987043A (en) 1971-06-25 1975-06-24 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/647,246 USRE29576E (en) 1971-06-25 1976-01-07 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders

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US15693371A 1971-06-25 1971-06-25
US394613A US3925375A (en) 1971-06-25 1973-09-05 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US401482A US3912663A (en) 1971-06-25 1973-09-27 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484919A US3917601A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484741A US3922271A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,916 US3936448A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 α-Amino-β-sulfosuccinates
US05/484,920 US3957775A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,917 US3935206A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484744A US3922272A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders

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US484741A Expired - Lifetime US3922271A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,917 Expired - Lifetime US3935206A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,916 Expired - Lifetime US3936448A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 α-Amino-β-sulfosuccinates
US484919A Expired - Lifetime US3917601A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,920 Expired - Lifetime US3957775A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US484744A Expired - Lifetime US3922272A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
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US484741A Expired - Lifetime US3922271A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
US05/484,917 Expired - Lifetime US3935206A (en) 1971-06-25 1974-07-01 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders
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US05/647,246 Expired - Lifetime USRE29576E (en) 1971-06-25 1976-01-07 Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders

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US3936448A (en) 1976-02-03
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US3925375A (en) 1975-12-09
FR2143437A1 (en) 1973-02-02
US3912663A (en) 1975-10-14
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