US3917243A - Supersonic shock wave tuyere - Google Patents

Supersonic shock wave tuyere Download PDF

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Publication number
US3917243A
US3917243A US431964A US43196474A US3917243A US 3917243 A US3917243 A US 3917243A US 431964 A US431964 A US 431964A US 43196474 A US43196474 A US 43196474A US 3917243 A US3917243 A US 3917243A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tuyere
divergent
fuel
divergent portion
combustion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US431964A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Borgnat
Guy Forestier
Georges Rupp
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space

Definitions

  • the convergent portion, the sonic throat and the first part of the divergent portion are formed in a first member which is releasably connected to a second member which forms a second part of the divergent portion, whereby upon change in the rate of the supply medium for support of the combustion, the first part may be exchanged against another part to modify the sonic throat as a function of such change.
  • the present invention relates to a shock wave tuyere of the type used in shaft furnaces to effect mixing of a fuel and a combustion-support medium, and the combustion of this mixture.
  • the injection rate of a fuel may be substantially raised by increasing the degree of dispersion of the fuel in the gaseous combustion-supporting medium, and this enables the combustion conditions to be improved.
  • One technique perfected by the applicants for this purpose consists in creating, in a tuyere of the Laval type for introducing fuel into a shaft furnace, a supersonic outflow in conditions such that the transition from the supersonic discharge rate to the subsonic discharge rate takes place in the divergent portion of the tuyere, that is to say that a shock wave is formed in said divergent portion, and in injecting a fuel into said tuyere upstream of said shock wave.
  • Tests carried out with tuyeres of this type have shown the effectiveness of the action of dispersing the fuel in the combustion-support medium as it passes into the shock wave zone, this technique consequently permitting high fuel injection rates to be used without forming soot.
  • the object of the invention is to obviate or mitigate the aforesaid disadvantages, and more particularly to permit adaptations of the geometry of a tuyere for injecting an auxiliary fuel into a shaft furnace as a function of changes in the operating rate of said furnace, in order to permit maintenance of a maximum auxiliary fuel injection rate independently of changes in the rate of operation.
  • the subject of the invention is a supersonic shock wave tuyere for injecting a mixture of fuel and combustion-support medium into a shaft furnace.
  • the tuyere has a convergent portion and a divergent portion with a sonic throat formed at the junction of the portion, said tuyere comprising a first member forming the convergent portion, the sonic throat and a first part of the divergent portion, a second fixed member forming a second part of the divergent portion, and means for removably connecting the first to the second member so that the first and second parts of the divergent portion are joined to form extensions of each other, whereby, upon change in the rate of supply of medium for support of combustion, the first member may be exchanged against another member to modify the sonic throat as a function of such change.
  • the first member is equipped with means for injecting fuel into the tuyere, said tuyere being connected to a source of gaseous combustion-support medium.
  • the source of combustion-support medium is constituted by the circulation of hot blast from a blast furnace.
  • the divergent portion and the convergent portion are constituted by co-axial surfaces of revolution, the first and the second part of the divergent'portions have the same cone angle and the sonic throat is constituted by the intersection of the surfaces of revolutions constituting the convergent and divergent portions in a plane normal to the common axis of these surfaces.
  • the tuyere according to the invention enables its geometric features to be modified with a view to adapting said features to a change in the rate of supply to the tuyere of combustion-support medium, so as to maintain specific flow conditions in the tuyere.
  • the sonic throat stage is correlatively modified by replacing the interchangeable member, which forms a species of a head of'the tuyere, by a similar member adapted to the new conditions prevailing at the head end, of the tuyere, the similar member having a sonic throat of different working section determined as a function of the new conditions of pressure and flow rate.
  • This replacement can be effected very rapidly without removing the part of the tuyere integrated with the shaft furnace, and affects a readily accessible part of the tuyere.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawing shows a longitudinal section through one embodiment of a tuyere according to the invention for supplying auxiliary fuel into a blast furnace;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in cross-section a detail of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate, likewise in cross-section, differently dimensioned elements which may be placed in the embodiment of FIG. 1, instead of the corresponding element shown therein.
  • the drawing shows a blast-furnace tuyere l of the shock wave type, this tuyere being diposed as an extension of a pipe 2 connected to the blast pipe of a blast fumace.
  • the internal surface of the tuyere 1 is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the tuyere and includes a convergent portion 3 and a divergent portion 4. Where the portions 3 and 4 come together, there is formed a constriction or throttling portion 5, hereinafter called the sonic throat.
  • the tuyere is fixed to an annular, preferably water cooled support 6 integral with the blast-furnace wall, and issues into the interior of the furnace near the upper part of the hearth.
  • the tuyere is constituted by the association of two mutually complementary parts assembled together so as to constitute the internal profile of the tuyere, namely a first interchangeable member 7 forming a tuyere head and including the convergent portion '3, the sonic throat and a first part 4a of the divergent port-ion, and a second substantially fixed member 8 forming the tuyere nose and including a second part 4b of the divergent portion issuing directly into the blast furnace interior, the second member being fixedly connected to the support 6.
  • the tuye're nose comprises a hollow copper body 9 joined by brazing to a suppor plate 10 having an external frustoconical bearing surface 11 cooperating with a corresponding internal bearing surface formed in the support 6.
  • An internal jacket or casing 12 is arranged in the body 9 and is in communication via a conduit 13 passing through the support plate with a source of cooling liquid; the jacket 12 is also in communication with the interior of the body 9 through apertures 14 arranged at the end of the jacket, draining offof the cooling liquid taking place through holes (not shown)-provided in the support plate.
  • the member 7 has an external centering bearing surface 15 and an abutment surface 16 which cooperate respectively with an intermal bearing surface 17 of the support plate 10 and with the external surface of the support plate in such manner that the member 7 and the nose of the tuyere can be contiguously disposed, with the convergent part 4b of the nose forming an extension of the convergent part 4a of the member 7.
  • the first and second member of the tuyere may be joined together by screws 18 located at intervals.
  • An annular groove 19 is provided in the abutment surface 16 of the member 7 so as to form a chamber communicating both with theexterior of the tuyere via conduits 20 for admission-of auxiliary fuel and with the interior of the tuyere near to the sonic throat 5 through injection conduits 21 directed towards the axis of the sonic throat.
  • a fluid-tight packing 22 is located in a groove 23 provided in the external surface of the support plate 10, this packing being compressed by-an annular projection 24 when the member 7 is mounted on the support plate.
  • the pipe 2 is applied against a shoulder 25 on the member 7 by a tightening device 26 which enables rapid disconnection of the pipe 2. 4
  • the internal profile of the tuyere, and in particular the surface area of the sonic throat is designed for given values of the feed pressure, also known as the generating pressure, and of the ejection pressure, so that the combustion-supporting medium getting into the tuyere, in this case the hot blast, reaches the supersonic speed range at the tuyere throat, and that the transition to the subsonic speed range takes place in the 1 divergent portion with correlative formation of a shock wave in said divergent portion.
  • An auxiliary fuel such as a liquid hydrocarbon is introduced under pressure into the chamber 19 and is injected into the tuyere via the conduits 21.
  • the auxiliary fuel entrained by the current of combustion-support medium mixes intimately therewith on passage through the shock wave formation zone, the mixture spontaneously ignites downstream of said zone under the effect of the ambient temperature and combustion will take place without formation of soot even at relatively high auxiliary fuel injection rates as compared with the rates applied in the art taken into consideration of injecting auxiliary fuel into blast furnaces.
  • the tuyere profile is so fashioned that the fluctuations in pressure may reach 20% of the feed pressure corresponding to the desired rate of operation without causing upsets in the normal operation of thetuyere.
  • the blast rate may vary in such manner that the tuyere profile no longer permits supersonic flow to be induced in the tuyere.
  • the rate of injection of auxiliary fuel which can then be contemplated without forming soot. may then be reduced by more than half, which results in making pig iron at higher unit cost price. .
  • the tuyere according to the invention enables the tuyere geometry to be rapidly adjusted to the new operation conditions.
  • the profile of the tuyere is determined by rules', well;
  • the pipe 2 is first removed, the blast delivery appropriate to the tuyere contemplated having been temporarily interrupted, then the first tuyere member 7 is removed and is replaced by another first member 7 or 7" so formed that the surface area of the sonic throat 5' or 5" differs from the surface area of the sonic throat 5 of the member 7; the ratio of the surface areas being subbstantially proportional to the ratio of flow rates for a given blast temperature.
  • the sonic throat thereof is constituted by the section through a plane perpendicular to the tuyere axis of a frusto-conical surface of revolution which has the same cone angle as the second part 4b of the divergent portion where the first part 4a of the divergent portion comes together with the second part 4b of said divergent portion.
  • This surface of revolution is represented in broken lines and is denoted by the reference S in the drawing.
  • the term frusto-conical surface is to be construed as indicating surfaces derived from both rectilinear and curvilinear generating lines, this latter case corresponding to tuyeres the divergent portion of which is of flared tubular shape.
  • the divergent portion may have this shape only in its second part 4b. It should be understood that the axial length of the divergent part 4a of the tuyere may be reduced until the surface area of the sonic throat corresponds to the surface area delimited by the circumference where the first and the second part of the tuyere come together.
  • the tuyere in accordance with the invention constitutes an injection device for gases and in particular for reducing gas mixtures which may find application in any plant involving the introduction of such gas mixtures.
  • the tuyere finds particular application in shaft furnaces with the object of effecting the supply of a fuel and the combustion of the fuel in optimum conditions, while enabling these conditions to be maintained for different rates of feed of the medium supplied to the tuyere to support combustion.
  • the fuel used may be a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon product and may be particles of solid fuel in suspension in either of these media, as well as carrying any material which it is desired to introduce into the shaft furnace in a form compatible with the functioning of the injection device.
  • the formation of the tuyere in two parts, one of which includes the fuel injection device, also enables the properties of this injection device to be selected as a function of the nature of the fuel injected.
  • the invention is particularly applicable for the injection of an auxiliary fuel such as fuel oil by the tyeres of a blast furnace with a view to replacing part of the coke used by this auxiliary fuel.
  • a supersonic shock wave tuyere for injecting a mixture of fuel and a combustion-supporting medium into a shaft furnace, said tuyere having an unobstructed passage including a convergent portion and a divergent portion with a sonic throat at the junction of said portions, said tuyere comprising a first member forming said convergent portion, said sonic throat and a first part of said divergent portion; a fixed.
  • hollow internally cooled second member forming a second part of said divergent portion; and means for removably connecting said first member to said second member so that said first and second parts of said divergent portion are joined to form extensions of each other whereby upon change of the rate of the supply medium for support of combustion, said first member may be exchanged for a different first member having a different throat area and adapted to be placed against the original second member to modify the sonic throat as a function of said change.
  • a tuyere as defined in claim 2, wherein said means for injecting fuel into said tuyere comprises an annular chamber formed in said first member, passage means for feeding fuel into said annular chamber, and a plurality of passages communicating at opposite ends with said annular chamber and with the interior of said first part of said divergent portion downstream of said sonic throat.
  • said second member comprises a support plate provided with a central opening defined by a frustoconical surface and a hollow body coaxially joined to said support plate and port plate has an external frustoconical bearing surface, and including an annular support member adapted to be mounted in an opening of the shaft furnace, said support member having an internal frustoconical surface tightly engaged by said external frustoconical surface of said support plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
US431964A 1973-01-18 1974-01-09 Supersonic shock wave tuyere Expired - Lifetime US3917243A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7301692A FR2214871A1 (fr) 1973-01-18 1973-01-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3917243A true US3917243A (en) 1975-11-04

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Family Applications (1)

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US431964A Expired - Lifetime US3917243A (en) 1973-01-18 1974-01-09 Supersonic shock wave tuyere

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US3917243A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5319442B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR199713A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT336051B (fr)
BE (1) BE809848A (fr)
BR (1) BR7400175D0 (fr)
CA (1) CA1004039A (fr)
DD (1) DD109942A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2365119A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES422411A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2214871A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1404915A (fr)
IN (1) IN138707B (fr)
IT (1) IT1000495B (fr)
LU (1) LU69181A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7400523A (fr)
SE (1) SE383359B (fr)
SU (1) SU489348A3 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4138098A (en) * 1975-08-14 1979-02-06 Creusot-Loire Method of blowing smelting shaft furnaces and tuyeres used for said blowing
US4239194A (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-12-16 Hainaut-Sambre Societe Anonyme Tuyere for the bottom of a steelworks converter
US4303230A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-12-01 William Bleloch Apparatus for the production of steel and iron alloys
US4795138A (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-01-03 L-Tec Company Metallurgical tuyere and method of calibrating same
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US9103503B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2015-08-11 Sms Siemag Ag Device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015481A (en) * 1959-12-11 1962-01-02 Archie H Clingensmith Tuyere assembly
US3558119A (en) * 1967-12-08 1971-01-26 Pont A Mousson Device for the injection of liquid fuels into blast furnaces
US3793002A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-19 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method of introducing a combustible auxiliary liquid into blast furnace and a tuyere for carrying out the method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3015481A (en) * 1959-12-11 1962-01-02 Archie H Clingensmith Tuyere assembly
US3558119A (en) * 1967-12-08 1971-01-26 Pont A Mousson Device for the injection of liquid fuels into blast furnaces
US3793002A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-19 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method of introducing a combustible auxiliary liquid into blast furnace and a tuyere for carrying out the method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4138098A (en) * 1975-08-14 1979-02-06 Creusot-Loire Method of blowing smelting shaft furnaces and tuyeres used for said blowing
US4239194A (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-12-16 Hainaut-Sambre Societe Anonyme Tuyere for the bottom of a steelworks converter
US4303230A (en) * 1978-11-28 1981-12-01 William Bleloch Apparatus for the production of steel and iron alloys
US4795138A (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-01-03 L-Tec Company Metallurgical tuyere and method of calibrating same
US5227117A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-07-13 Usx Corporation Apparatus for blast furnace fuel injection
US9103503B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2015-08-11 Sms Siemag Ag Device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU69181A1 (fr) 1974-08-19
DE2365119A1 (de) 1974-07-25
IT1000495B (it) 1976-03-30
BE809848A (fr) 1974-07-17
DD109942A5 (fr) 1974-11-20
FR2214871A1 (fr) 1974-08-19
AT336051B (de) 1977-04-12
AR199713A1 (es) 1974-09-23
SE383359B (sv) 1976-03-08
IN138707B (fr) 1976-03-20
SU489348A3 (ru) 1975-10-25
JPS5319442B2 (fr) 1978-06-21
NL7400523A (fr) 1974-07-22
ES422411A1 (es) 1976-05-01
ATA26174A (de) 1976-08-15
CA1004039A (en) 1977-01-25
AU6430274A (en) 1975-07-10
JPS49102503A (fr) 1974-09-27
BR7400175D0 (pt) 1974-08-22
GB1404915A (en) 1975-09-03

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