US3916419A - Method an apparatus for asynchronously forming magnetic liquid droplets - Google Patents

Method an apparatus for asynchronously forming magnetic liquid droplets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3916419A
US3916419A US446559A US44655974A US3916419A US 3916419 A US3916419 A US 3916419A US 446559 A US446559 A US 446559A US 44655974 A US44655974 A US 44655974A US 3916419 A US3916419 A US 3916419A
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United States
Prior art keywords
recording surface
outlet
magnetic force
droplet
magnetic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US446559A
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English (en)
Inventor
George J Fan
Richard A Toupin
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US446559A priority Critical patent/US3916419A/en
Priority to DE19742460321 priority patent/DE2460321A1/de
Priority to FR7443569A priority patent/FR2262370B1/fr
Priority to JP50011490A priority patent/JPS50116232A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3916419A publication Critical patent/US3916419A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/06—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by electric or magnetic field

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Droplets of a magnetic liquid are pulled from an outlet or orifice of a nozzle by applying a magnetic force to the magnetic liquid, which is under a relatively low static pressure, within the nozzle whereby the droplets, which are ink, impinge upon a recording surface.
  • Each droplet is pulled from the outlet of the nozzle by applying a magnetic force adjacent the outlet, a magnetic force from the opposite side of the recording surface from the nozzle outlet, or magnetic forces from both sides of the recording surface.
  • FIG.1A I FIG.1A
  • Printing on a recording surface can be accomplished by asynchronously directing ink droplets to the recording surface when printing is to occur in accordance with a desired pattern. Thus, printing occurs without any contact with the recording surface other than the droplet of ink engaging the recording surface.
  • One means of asynchronously applying the droplets of ink to a recoritling surface has utilized an ink chamber in which the chamber has been mechanically deformed whenever it is desired for a' droplet of ink to be applied to the recording surface in accordance with the pattern to be written thereon.
  • the mechanical deformation of the ink chamber changes its volume to cause a droplet of ink to squirt from the chamber onto the paper from the nozzle of the chamber.
  • the chamber has a resonant frequency beyond which the chamber does not respond to mechanical deformation.
  • the speed with which the droplets of ink can be applied to the recording surface when using mechanical deformation of the ink chamber has been limited because of the resonant frequency.
  • the present invention satisfactorily solves the foregoing problems through eliminating the requirement for any mechanical force to cause asynchronous application of ink droplets on a recording surface.
  • the present invention does not require any deformation of an ink chamber.
  • the present invention uses the application of magnetic force on a magnetic liquid to pull each droplet from the nozzle outlet or orifice.
  • a magnetic liquid must be employed with the present invention, the problems inherent with the mechanical deformation system are eliminated by the present invention.
  • the magnetic force applied on the magnetic liquid which is maintained under a very low static pressure, must be sufficient to overcome the force produced by the surface tension, which holds the magnetic liquid within the nozzle.
  • An object of this invention is to asynchronously form magnetic liquid droplets.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide asynchronous application of magnetic ink droplets to a recording surface.
  • FIG. IA is a schematic side elevational view, partly in section, of an ink recording arrangement having one embodiment of the magnetic force applying means of the present invention for forming the droplets for application to the recording surface.
  • FIG. 1B is an end elevational view of the structure of FIG. 1A and taken substantially along line 1B1B of FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing another arrangement of the present invention for applying a magnetic force to form a droplet for application on the recording surface.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view showing magnetic fields applied from both sides of a recording surface to form a droplet for application on the recording surface.
  • an ink resevoir 10 of magnetic ink is shown.
  • the magnetic ink is a ferrofluid of the type described in our copending patent application for Recording System Utilizing Magnetic Deflection, Ser. No. 284,822, filed Aug. 30, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,805,272 and assigned to the same assignee as the assignee of this application.
  • Another example of magnetic ink is a stable colloidal suspension in water of 100 A size particles of magnetite (Fe;,O,) with surfactant surrounding the particles.
  • the ink reservoir 10 communicates with a nozzle 11 having an outlet or orifice 12 of relatively small diameter.
  • the magnetic liquid is maintained within the nozzle 11 under a relatively low static pressure such as several inches of water, for example. This pressure is not sufficient to cause the magnetic liquid to be expelled through the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11.
  • the surface tension of the magnetic liquid is sufficient to retain the magnetic liquid within the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 when the magnetic liquid has a relatively low static pressure applied thereto.
  • a C-shaped magnet 14 (see FIG. 1B) is disposed adjacent the nozzle outlet or orifice 12 as shown in FIG. 1A.
  • the magnet 14 has its pole faces 15 and 16 tapered to form a reducing gap therebetween adjacent the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11.
  • One of the pole faces 15 and 16 is a north pole, and the other of the pole faces 15 and 16 is a south pole.
  • the tapered pole faces 15 and 16 produce a relatively large magnetic force.
  • the magnet 14 has a plurality of windings of a coil 17 wrapped therearound as shown in FIG. 1B.
  • the ends of the coil 17 are connected to a pulse generator 18,
  • the droplet 19 is attracted to the narrowest portion of the gap between the pole faces 15 and 16 of the magnet 14.
  • the tapering of the pole faces 15 and 16 creates a magnetic force gradient with the gradient being zero adjacent the tips of the pole faces 15 and 16 and the strength of the field being a maximum at the tips.
  • the recording surface 20 Since the non-uniform gradient created by the tapered pole faces 15 and 16 of the magnet 14 changes the direction in which the magnetic force is applied to the magnetic liquid shortly after the droplet 19 passes the tips of the pole faces 15 and 16 of the magnet 14, it is necessary for the recording surface 20 to be very close to the tips of the pole faces 15 and 16 of the magnet 14. Otherwise, instabiliity of the motion of the droplet 19 will occur. Thus, the recording surface 20 must be closer to the tips of the pole faces 15 and 16 of the magnet 14 than the narrowest width of the gap between the pole faces 15 and 16.
  • the pulse generator 18 supplies a current to the coil 17, a non-uniform magnetic force gradient is applied to the magnetic liquid within the nozzle 11 to pull one of the droplets 19 from the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 for impingement on the paper 20.
  • the droplets 19 can be asynchronously produced for application to the recording surface 20 in accordance with the desired pattern since the pulse generator 18 is energized in accordance with the pattern and the rate of movement of the paper 20.
  • the magnetic force applied to the magnetic liquid is sufficient to pull the droplet 19 from the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 when the outlet or orifice 12 has a diameter of 2 mils.
  • the magnetic force on the magnetic liquid is equal to the product of the magnetic moment and the field gradient. If the magnetic moment is approximately 30 emu/gram and the field gradient is 10 gauss/cm, then the magnetic force pulling the liquid from the nozzle 11 is 3 X 'l0 dynes. With the nozzle outlet or orifice 12 having a diameter of two mils and the surface tension'being 40 dynes/cm, the force of the surface tension on the liquid is approximately 1.6 X 10 dynes.
  • the magnetic force is comparable to the surface tension force so as tobe able to pull one of the droplets 19 from the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 1 1 when the system is under slight positive pressure.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown another form of the present invention in which a magnet 25 is disposed on the opposite side of the paper from the nozzle 11.
  • a plurality of windings of a coil 26 is wrapped around the magnet and has its ends connected to a pulse generator 27. Whenever the pulse generator 27 supplies a current to the coil 26, the magnet 25 creates a magnetic force to pull the droplet 19 from the outlet or orifice 12' of the nozzle 11.
  • the pulse generator 27 is activated in accordance with the pattern'and the rate of movement of the paper 20 to cause each of the droplets 19 to be pulled from the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 when desired to form the desired pattern on the paper 20.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown another form of the present invention in which both of the magnets 14 and 25 are employed.
  • the coils 17 and 26 are connected to a single pulse generator 28.
  • the coils 17 and 26 could be connected to the separate pulse generators 18 and 27, respectively. In such an arrangement, it would not be necessary to use the delay 29, but some means would have to be employed to insure that the pulse generator 27 causes the magnetic field from the magnet 25 to continue to be applied after the magnetic field from the magnet 14 is stopped so that a magnetic force is exerted on the droplet 19.
  • the magnet 14 provides a greater force to initially pull the droplet 19 from the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 than the magnet 25 can produce by itself, and the magnet 25 insures that the droplet 19 is applied to the paper 20without the reverse force of the gradient producedby the magnet 14 having any effect on the motion of the droplet 19.
  • the paper 20 does not need to be placed as close to the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1A.
  • a greater magnetic force can be applied directly adjacent the outlet or orifice 12 of the nozzle 11 for pulling the droplet 19 from the outlet ororifice 12 of the nozzle 1 1 than can be obtained from using only the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • An advantage of this invention is that ink droplets can be asynchronously directed to a recording surface at a relatively high rate of speed. Another advantage of this invention is that there is no mechanical deformation of any structure so that there is no limitation on the rate of droplet formation insofar as resonant frequencies are concerned.
  • a method of selectively causing asynchronous re moval of a droplet from a reservoir of a magnetic liquid for application to a recording surface including:
  • a method of selectively causing asynchronous removal of a droplet from a reservoir of a magnetic liquid for application to a recording surface including:
  • An apparatus for asynchronously applying droplets of a magnetic liquid to a recording surface including:
  • magnetic force producing means disposed adjacent said outlet and on the same side of the recording surface as said outlet to selectively apply a unidirectional magnetic force in the direction toward the recording surface on the magnetic liquid in said storing means and at least through said outlet to cause a droplet to be pulled from said outlet for application to the recording surface whenever a droplet is to be applied to the recording surface;
  • said storing means having its outlet disposed sufficiently close to the recording surface so that the droplet can be applied to the recording surface by the unidirectional force of said magnetic force producing means.
  • An apparatus for asynchronously applying droplets of a magnetic liquid to a recording surface including:
  • said storing means maintaining the magnetic liquid under a very low static pressure so that the surface tension of the magnetic liquid prevents the magnetic liquid from escaping from said outlet;
  • first magnetic force producing means disposed adjacent said outlet and on the same side of the recording surface as said outlet to selectively apply a unidirectional magnetic force in the direction toward the recording surface on the magnetic liquid in said storing means and at least through said outlet to cause a droplet to be pulled from said outlet for application to the recording surface whenever a droplet is to be applied to the recording surface;
  • the apparatus according to claim 11 including means to cause said second magnetic force producing means to continue to apply the additional magnetic force after said first magnetic force producing means is inactivated.
  • said apparatus according to claim 10 in which said first magnetic force producing means includes a magnet having a pair of tapered pole faces adjacent said outlet 15.
  • the apparatus according to claim 14 including means to cause said magnet of said second magnetic force producing means to continue to apply the additional magnetic force after said magnet of said first magnetic force producing means is inactivated.

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  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
US446559A 1974-02-27 1974-02-27 Method an apparatus for asynchronously forming magnetic liquid droplets Expired - Lifetime US3916419A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446559A US3916419A (en) 1974-02-27 1974-02-27 Method an apparatus for asynchronously forming magnetic liquid droplets
DE19742460321 DE2460321A1 (de) 1974-02-27 1974-12-20 Tintenstrahldrucker
FR7443569A FR2262370B1 (de) 1974-02-27 1974-12-27
JP50011490A JPS50116232A (de) 1974-02-27 1975-01-29

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US446559A US3916419A (en) 1974-02-27 1974-02-27 Method an apparatus for asynchronously forming magnetic liquid droplets

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US3916419A true US3916419A (en) 1975-10-28

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US (1) US3916419A (de)
JP (1) JPS50116232A (de)
DE (1) DE2460321A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2262370B1 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4552469A (en) * 1983-06-10 1985-11-12 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Ink dot printer
US4697195A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-09-29 Xerox Corporation Nozzleless liquid droplet ejectors
US4928125A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-05-22 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid drop ejection apparatus using a magnetic fluid
WO1996032277A1 (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company Coincident drop selection, drop separation printing method and system
WO1996032279A1 (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company A liquid ink printing apparatus and system
US5856836A (en) * 1995-04-12 1999-01-05 Eastman Kodak Company Coincident drop selection, drop separation printing method and system
US5880759A (en) * 1995-04-12 1999-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Liquid ink printing apparatus and system
EP0765242B1 (de) * 1995-04-12 2002-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Tintenstrahldruckkartuche für drucker mit zusammenfallenden kräften
US6499839B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2002-12-31 Source Technologies, Inc. Acicular particle ink formulation for an inkjet printer system
US20060071973A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-06 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Magnetic actuator using ferrofluid slug
US20130327409A1 (en) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-12 Justin E. Silpe Active guidance of fluid agents using magnetorheological antibubbles
US20160116394A1 (en) * 2014-10-27 2016-04-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Ferrofluid droplets as in situ mechanical actuators and rheometers in soft materials and biological matter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4696589A (en) * 1984-10-26 1987-09-29 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Ink-dot printer
JPH0739322U (ja) * 1993-12-30 1995-07-18 合資会社田端農機具製作所 施肥機，播種機または施肥播種機における線引きマー ク装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787879A (en) * 1970-12-03 1974-01-22 Mishima Kosan Co Ltd Magnetic ink recording system
US3805272A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-04-16 Ibm Recording system utilizing magnetic deflection

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787879A (en) * 1970-12-03 1974-01-22 Mishima Kosan Co Ltd Magnetic ink recording system
US3805272A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-04-16 Ibm Recording system utilizing magnetic deflection

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4552469A (en) * 1983-06-10 1985-11-12 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Ink dot printer
US4697195A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-09-29 Xerox Corporation Nozzleless liquid droplet ejectors
US4928125A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-05-22 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid drop ejection apparatus using a magnetic fluid
WO1996032277A1 (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company Coincident drop selection, drop separation printing method and system
WO1996032279A1 (en) * 1995-04-12 1996-10-17 Eastman Kodak Company A liquid ink printing apparatus and system
US5856836A (en) * 1995-04-12 1999-01-05 Eastman Kodak Company Coincident drop selection, drop separation printing method and system
US5880759A (en) * 1995-04-12 1999-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Liquid ink printing apparatus and system
EP0890436A3 (de) * 1995-04-12 1999-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Apparat und System zum Drucken mit flüssiger Tinte
EP0765242B1 (de) * 1995-04-12 2002-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Tintenstrahldruckkartuche für drucker mit zusammenfallenden kräften
US6499839B1 (en) 1999-02-09 2002-12-31 Source Technologies, Inc. Acicular particle ink formulation for an inkjet printer system
US20060071973A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-06 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Magnetic actuator using ferrofluid slug
US7204581B2 (en) * 2004-10-06 2007-04-17 Palo Alto Research Center, Incorporated Magnetic actuator using ferrofluid slug
US20130327409A1 (en) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-12 Justin E. Silpe Active guidance of fluid agents using magnetorheological antibubbles
US9068695B2 (en) * 2012-06-12 2015-06-30 Smrt Delivery Llc Active guidance of fluid agents using magnetorheological antibubbles
US20160116394A1 (en) * 2014-10-27 2016-04-28 The Regents Of The University Of California Ferrofluid droplets as in situ mechanical actuators and rheometers in soft materials and biological matter
US10149630B2 (en) * 2014-10-27 2018-12-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Ferrofluid droplets as in situ mechanical actuators and rheometers in soft materials and biological matter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2460321A1 (de) 1975-08-28
FR2262370A1 (de) 1975-09-19
JPS50116232A (de) 1975-09-11
FR2262370B1 (de) 1976-12-31

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