Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
  • C22C19/002—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with copper as the next major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
  • Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics

Definitions

• the copper-tin alloy CuSn which is also often used, has e.g., a modulus of elasticity of 1 1,700 kilograms per square millimeter and a limit of flexural elasticity of 40 kp (kilopound or kilogramforce) per square millimeter.
• the copper-beryllium materials can be used only in a few cases because they are highly expensive.
• the conventional copper-base spring materials such as copper-zinc and copper-nickel-zinc alloys, can be used only up to temperatures of l50200 C.
• the stainless and heat-resisting steels and the high-chromium nickel alloys have spring properties which are satisfactorily stable up to about 300 C. Only the highly expensive copper-beryllium materials can be used in continuous service at temperatures of 350375 C. without an appreciable change of their spring characteristic.
• spring materials can be produced from nickel alloys which differ from the firstmentioned alloy in that nickel has been replaced in an amount of up to 10% by cobalt and/or in an amount of 2 up to 6% by iron.
• titanium may be replaced in the nickel alloy entirely or in part by zirconium and/or columbium.
• up to 2% chromium and/or molybdenum may be added to the nickel alloy.
• a spring material having a modulus of elasticity above 15,000 kp per square millimeter, a limit of flexural elasticity above kp per square millimeter, a spring characteristic which is stable up to above 380 C., a high resistance to corrosion, and a good workability is suitably produced in that the nickel alloy is subjected to a solution heat treatment above 900 C., then quenched in water, cold-worked with a reduction of at least 40% in cross-section, and tempered at 350-500 C., preferably 400450 C., for at least 1.5 minutes.
• a spring material which has a modulus of elasticity above 18,000 kp per square millimeter, a limit of flexural elasticity above kp per square millimeter, a Spring characteristic which is stable up to above 400 C., and a high resistance to corrosion
• the material is preferably tempered continuously with an effective residence time of l.55 minutes.
• the material is suitably tempered in a case-hardening furnace for 60-180 minutes. In other words, the residence time should range between 1.5 and 180 minutes.
• Modulus of elasticity Limit of flexural elasticity Spring characteristic is at least 18,000 kp/mm' at least 100 kp/mm stable in continuous service up to 450 C. Chemical resistance to fluids having a caustic soda content up to 20% 18,900 kp/mm 125 kp/mm" Modulus of elasticity Limit of flexural elasticity No change of spring characteristic during continuous service at 420450 C. for 500 hours. No appreciable wear by corrosion was noted during that time.
• EXAMPLE 2 For miniature switching relays, a spring strip having dimensions of X 0.20 millimeter was required, which should have a modulus of elasticity of at least 18,000 kp per square millimeter, a limit of flexural elasticity above 90 kp per square millimeter, a spring characteristic which is stable up to at least 400 C. in continuous service, and a flex life of at least 5 (bend line at right angles to direction of rolling).
• Example 2 The same alloy was used as in Example 1 but the hotrolled strip was quenched in water from the rolling heat (above 900 C.) to attain the solution heat-treated state. The strip was subsequently ground and coldrolled to a thickness of l millimeter, which is 5 times its final thickness, and was then subjected to a continuous interstage annealing at 900 C. in a cracked gas and thereafter cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.2 millimeter. The strip was continuously tempered at 400 C. with a residence time of 2.5 minutes in the furnace.
• the spring material made according to the invention is superior to the conventional spring materials in almost every respect.
• the material is inferior to the conventional copper-base alloy materials only as regards electrical conductivity and this is significant only with current-carrying springs.
• the electrical conductivity of the material according to the invention is of an order of O.81.2 m/ohm-mm'-, which corre' sponds to the values for stainless steels or highchromium nickel alloys.
• the materials according to the invention may be coated with copper or silver by electroplating or cladding so that the resulting spring material according to the invention matches the conventional copper-base spring materials also as regards electrical conductivity.
• a process for producing a corrosion-resistant, spring material which comprises the following steps:
• step (b) the alloy is first cooled to below 350 C. at a rate of below 15 C. per hour, and is then subsequently cooled to room temperature.
• step (d) the alloy is tempered for a residence time of from 1.5 to 5 minutes at 400 to 450 C.
• step (d) the alloy is tempered for a residence time of 60 minutes at 6.
• step (d) the alloy is tempered by case-hardening for a residence time of from 60 to 180 minutes at 550 C.
• step (c) the cold-working is accomplished by cold-rolling.
• step (c) the cross-sectional area of the material is reduced by at least 60 to 80%.
• a metal body consisting essentially by weight of:
• the metal body as defined in claim 12 having a modulus of elasticity above 15,000 kp/mm a limit of flexural elasticity above 80 kp/mm and a spring char- 0 to 2% molybdenum acteristic which is stable up to about 380 C.
• the metal body as defined in claim 12 having a modulus of elasticity above 18,000 kp/mm a limit of 15 flexural elasticity above 90 kp/mm and a spring charwith the balance essentially nickel treated by a proacteristic which is stable up to about 400 C.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Springs (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (4)

• 1973
  • 1973-09-12 DE DE2345882A patent/DE2345882C2/de not_active Expired
• 1974
  • 1974-07-15 AT AT584574A patent/AT336903B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1974-08-15 US US497640A patent/US3915760A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1974-09-06 CH CH1217274A patent/CH597357A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1974-09-09 GB GB3929474A patent/GB1477182A/en not_active Expired
  • 1974-09-11 SE SE7411480A patent/SE7411480L/xx unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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