US3913540A - Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines - Google Patents

Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913540A
US3913540A US440258A US44025874A US3913540A US 3913540 A US3913540 A US 3913540A US 440258 A US440258 A US 440258A US 44025874 A US44025874 A US 44025874A US 3913540 A US3913540 A US 3913540A
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United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
housing
intake manifold
ignition
motor vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US440258A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mikio Hayashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HAYASHI SEIKO KK
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HAYASHI SEIKO KK
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/05—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means
    • F02P5/10—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure
    • F02P5/103—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using mechanical means dependent on fluid pressure in engine, e.g. combustion-air pressure dependent on the combustion-air pressure in engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • an antipollution apparatus is provided for combined use with the ignition advancing mechanism of the vehicle engine which advances its spark timing by utilizing a variable degree of vacuum created adjacent the carburetor outlet in accordance with throttle opening.
  • the antipollution apparatus is composed essentially of a dual diaphragm valve to be affixed to the intake manifold in a position adjacent its entrance, with the ignition advancing mechanism communicated with the carburetor via the valve.
  • the pair of spaced-apart diaphragms of this valve deflects simultaneously in response to a prescribed. degree of vacuum building up within the intake manifold as when the vehicle is cruising, thereby permitting the inflow of atmospheric air into the passageway between the. carburetor and the ignition advancing mechanism.
  • the ignition advance which has been caused by the latter is thus canceled each time the load on the engine decreases to the prescribed level.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an antipollution apparatus of highly compact, simple and inexpensive construction, such that it can be easily incorporated in a conventional motor vehicle gasoline engine without any substantial modification of its existing parts.
  • this invention provides an antipollution apparatus for use in combination with the known ignition advancing mechanism of a motor vehicle gasoline engine which advances its ignition timing by utilizing a variable degree of vacuum created adjacent the carburetor outlet in step with throttle opening.
  • the antipollution apparatus according to the invention consists essentially of a dual diaphragm valve having a housing the interior of which is partitioned by a pair of spaced-apart diaphragms into first, second and third chambers.
  • the first chamber communicates with the interior of the intake manifold.
  • the second chamber between the diaphragms communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the third chamber is subdivided into a first section through which the ignition advancing mechanism communicates with the interior of the carburetor at a point adjacent its throttle valve and a second section communicating with the atmosphere.
  • the pair of diaphragms are caused simultaneously to deflect by suction exerted through the first chamber, thereby intercommunicating the first and second sections of the third chamber and thus canceling the ignition advance which has been caused by the ignition advancing mechanism.
  • the functioning of the ignition advancing mechanism is nullified in the above described fashion when the intake manifold vacuum becomes about 300 mm Hg. This degree of vacuum is reached only upon decrease in the load on the engine, as when the vehicle is running at constant speed. With the vehicle in cruising condition the engine is usually required to deliver only less than half as much power output as when the vehicle is accelerating. It is therefore most desirable to cancel the ignition advance at this time, the resultantly lowered combustion temperature of the engine being effective to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides, among other exhaust gases.
  • the period of time required for the vehicle to complete thedesired acceleration would become longer due to the decreased power output of the engine.
  • the overall amount of nitrogen oxides and other gases exhausted throughout this prolonged length of time would increase rather than decrease.
  • the functioning of the ignition advancing mechanism is not nullified during vehicle acceleration according to the concepts of this invention, although it may be nullified toward the end of each accelerating period when the engine is greatly relieved of its load.
  • the engine may be preset to have an ignition retard of only up to about 3 in order to prevent engine overheating during idling and to secure sufficient power output at the start of acceleration. In this manner the invention will contribute in no small measure toward prevention of air pollution especially in urban areas.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly broken away sectional view showing the overall arrangement of antipollution apparatus according to the principles of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged left hand side elevational view of the dual diaphragm valve in the arrangement of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged right hand side elevational view of the dual diaphragm valve in the arrangement of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is an axial sectional view of the dual diaphragm valve, the view being explanatory of the operation of the antipollution apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph plotting the curves of ignition timing against various degrees of intake manifold vacuum according to the invention and to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 includes an antipollution device according to the invention, an intake manifold 11 of the motor vehicle gasoline engine, a carburetor 12, an air cleaner 13, and an ignition advancing mechanism 14.
  • the antipollution device 10 is essentially a dual diaphragm valve having a housing 15 of hollow, substantially cylindrical shape which in practice may be hexagonal or otherwise polygonal in cross sectional shape as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the housing 15 includes a reduced diameter portion 16 at its right hand end, as viewed in FIG. 1, and an externally screw threaded, hollow neck 17 extends axially outwardly therefrom.
  • the neck 17 is adapted to be screwed into a correspondingly internally screw threaded bore formed in the wall of the intake manifold 1 1 adjacent its entrance, thereby securely to mount the antipollution device 10 in position and further to communicate the interior of the housing 15 with the interior of the intake manifold 11 via the axial bore of the neck 17.
  • the interior of the housing 15 is pressure-tightly divided by a pair of spaced-apart diaphragms 18 and 19 of hard rubber or like material into a first chamber 20 seen to the right in FIG. 1 which is in open communication with the interior of the intake manifold 11, a second or intermediate chamber 21, and a third chamber 22 to the left.
  • An annular spacer 23 is closely fitted against the inside surface of the housing 15 between the diaphragms l8 and 19, and another spacer 24 which may be cylindrical in shape is disposed centrally therebetween.
  • a passageway 25 is formed through the housing 15 and the first mentioned spacer 23 to communicate the second chamber 21 with the atmosphere.
  • annular retainer 26 is likewise closely fitted against the inside surface of the housing 15 to retain the diaphragms l8 and 19 undisplaceably in their respective desired positions within the housing.
  • the inside diameter of this annular retainer 26 should be reduced at its end adjacent to the diaphragm 19 as shown in FIG. 1, for purposes hereinafter referred to.
  • a pair of spring supports are provided'at 29 and 30 to support a helical compression spring 31 therebetween.
  • the diaphragm 19 is thus yieldably urged into pressure tight contact with the open right hand end of the partition 28 via the diaphragm 18 and the spacer 24.
  • the diaphragm 18 and 19 together with the spacer 24 and the spring support 30 are united together as by means of a rivet 32.
  • adjusting rod 33 externally screw threaded to mesh with corresponding internal screw threads formed in the axial bore of the neck 17 of the housing 15.
  • the adjusting rod 33 is also bored axially therethrough and has its left hand end coupled to the spring support 29.
  • the aforesaid cover 27 closing the left hand end of the housing 15 has three ports 35, 36 and 37 therethrough which can be aligned diametrically of the cover as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the ports 35 and 37 are thus both open to the external space of the partition 28 within the third chamber 22, whereas the port 36 is open to the internal space of the partition 28.
  • the port 35 communicates via a conduit 38 with a port 39 open to the interior of the carburetor 12 in a position adjacent its throttle valve 40.
  • the port 36 communicates via a conduit 41 with the interior of a casing 42 of the air cleaner 13 or with the atmosphere.
  • the port 37 communicates via a conduit 43 with a vacuum chamber 44 of the ignition advancing mechanism 14.
  • the conduits 38, 41 and 43 can all be in the form of hoses of rubber or like material connected at both ends to fittings 45 and 46, 47 and 48, and 49 and 50, respectively.
  • the carburetor 12 is rigidly connected to the intake manifold 11 as shown in FIG. 1, and the air cleaner case 42 containing a filtering element 51 and closed by a cover 52 at its top is mounted upon the carburetor 12 as by a bolt 53. It is to be noted, however, that such arrangement of the intake manifold 1 l, the carburetor l2 and the air cleaner 13 is conventional and does not, by itself, constitute a part of this invention. Other types of such engine components may be adopted without necessarily prejudicing the novelty of the invention.
  • the ignition advancing mechanism 14 as a whole constitutes a substantial part of the distributor, not shown, of the motor vehicle engine, such that the actuating rod 57 moves back and forth with the diaphragm 55 in accordance with a variable degree of vacuum created in the vacuum chamber 44 thereby causing the distributor to vary the ignition timing in the known manner.
  • the intake manifold vacuum rises with the decrease in the load on the engine taking place as when the vehicle is running at constant speed.
  • the diaphragms 18 and 19 are caused to deflect simultaneously against the force of the compression spring 31 by suction exerted through the axial bore of the adjusting rod 33 as will be understood from FIG. 4.
  • the diaphragm 19 thus moves out of contact with the partition 28 thereby permitting the inflow of the filtered atmospheric air from the air cleaner 13 into the external space of the partition within the third chamber 22 via the conduit 41 and the port 36.
  • a motor vehicle with its engine equipped with the antipollution apparatus of the invention exhibited a 10% decrease in the production of hydrocarbons and a 48% decrease in the production of nitrogen oxides as it ran on a substantially level road at a constant speed of 40 kilometers per hour.
  • the use of the dual diaphragm valve as herein disclosed is essential to derive the full benefits out of the antipollution apparatus according to the invention. It will be seen that the suction exerted on the respective diaphragms 18 and 19 of the valve by a given degree of vacuum is proportional to their effective surface area.
  • the effective surface area of the diaphragm 18 can be expressed as the area of a circle whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the first chamber 20, and that of the diaphragm 19 as the area of a circle whose diameter is equal to the minimum inside diameter of the retainer 26 minus the area of a circle whose diameter is equal to the outside diameter of the partition 28.
  • the effective surface area of the diaphragm 18 is much greater than that of thediaphragm 19.
  • the antipollution device 10 may not necessarily be affixed directly to the intake manifold but may be mounted in any other convenient location with its first chamber 20 communicated with the interior of the intake manifold via a conduit. It will also be apparent that if required, the diaphragms 18 and 19 can be caused to deflect at intake manifold pressure other than about 300 mm Hg by the manipulation of the adjusting rod 33.
  • a housing substantially in the shape of a hollow cylinder
  • partition means fixedly mounted in said third chamber and pressure-tightly subdividing the same into first and second sections, said partition means being normally held in pressure-tight contact with one of said pair of diaphragms to hold said first and second sections out of communication from each other;
  • said pair of diaphragms are caused to deflect simultaneously by suction exerted through said first chamber, thereby intercommunicating said first and second sections of said third chamber and hence nullifying the ignition advance which has been caused by said ignition advancingmechanism.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
US440258A 1973-02-09 1974-02-06 Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines Expired - Lifetime US3913540A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1569373A JPS5339535B2 (de) 1973-02-09 1973-02-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3913540A true US3913540A (en) 1975-10-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US440258A Expired - Lifetime US3913540A (en) 1973-02-09 1974-02-06 Antipollution apparatus for motor vehicle engines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3913540A (de)
JP (1) JPS5339535B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2406096A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2217542B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1436641A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4016844A (en) * 1974-07-10 1977-04-12 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operation control system for vehicle engine
US4022169A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-05-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control system for engine ignition timing
US4085715A (en) * 1975-08-11 1978-04-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition timing control system
US4099497A (en) * 1974-12-26 1978-07-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine having exhaust emission control system
US4159013A (en) * 1976-05-06 1979-06-26 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Spark timing control device for use in internal combustion engines

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2321083B (en) * 1996-12-12 2000-04-05 Gordon Cubitt Emission control means

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2039717A (en) * 1931-05-11 1936-05-05 Trico Products Corp Horn system
US3081793A (en) * 1961-02-13 1963-03-19 Gen Motors Corp Valve mechanism
US3356083A (en) * 1966-02-01 1967-12-05 Chrysler Corp Distributor vacuum advance valve
US3545070A (en) * 1968-08-30 1970-12-08 Gen Motors Corp Method of assembling a vacuum modulator
US3572301A (en) * 1968-01-05 1971-03-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines
US3599614A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-08-17 Ford Motor Co Dual-diaphragm distributor
US3677238A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-07-18 Motoo Harada Continuous vacuum advance system of ignition timing

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2039717A (en) * 1931-05-11 1936-05-05 Trico Products Corp Horn system
US3081793A (en) * 1961-02-13 1963-03-19 Gen Motors Corp Valve mechanism
US3356083A (en) * 1966-02-01 1967-12-05 Chrysler Corp Distributor vacuum advance valve
US3572301A (en) * 1968-01-05 1971-03-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vacuum advance mechanism for ignition distributors of internal combustion engines
US3545070A (en) * 1968-08-30 1970-12-08 Gen Motors Corp Method of assembling a vacuum modulator
US3677238A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-07-18 Motoo Harada Continuous vacuum advance system of ignition timing
US3599614A (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-08-17 Ford Motor Co Dual-diaphragm distributor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4016844A (en) * 1974-07-10 1977-04-12 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operation control system for vehicle engine
US4022169A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-05-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Control system for engine ignition timing
US4099497A (en) * 1974-12-26 1978-07-11 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine having exhaust emission control system
US4085715A (en) * 1975-08-11 1978-04-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ignition timing control system
US4159013A (en) * 1976-05-06 1979-06-26 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Spark timing control device for use in internal combustion engines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2217542B1 (de) 1977-09-30
DE2406096A1 (de) 1974-08-15
FR2217542A1 (de) 1974-09-06
JPS49103020A (de) 1974-09-28
GB1436641A (en) 1976-05-19
JPS5339535B2 (de) 1978-10-21

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