US3913309A - Fibrous composition of matter - Google Patents

Fibrous composition of matter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913309A
US3913309A US123401A US12340171A US3913309A US 3913309 A US3913309 A US 3913309A US 123401 A US123401 A US 123401A US 12340171 A US12340171 A US 12340171A US 3913309 A US3913309 A US 3913309A
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Prior art keywords
fibres
fibers
glass
composite yarn
wool
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US123401A
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English (en)
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Nereo Chiarotto
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from IT3168370A external-priority patent/IT955026B/it
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
    • D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure
    • D02G3/185—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure in the core
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/43—Acrylonitrile series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5418—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/904—Flame retardant

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An ignifuge or fire resistant intimate blend of fibres in the form of a composite yarn, a woven fabric made of such composite yarns, a non-woven fabric and textile articles obtained therefrom,
  • the fibres are selected among glass fibres or ceramic fibres surrounded by at least two different kinds of fibres selected among synthetic and/or natural fibresfOne of such two fibres has a melting point different from the other of the two fibres and both of the two fibres have melting points lower than the melting point of the glass or ceramic fibre wool and chlorovinyl fibres are among the preferred fibres surrounding the glass fibres.
  • the present invention relates to a fibrous composition of matter, in particular for obtaining products with improved ignifuge characteristics. More particularly, the present invention relates to composite yarns having improved ignifuge characteristics, to fabrics obtained by said yarns and to non-woven fabrics having improved ignifuge characteristics, obtained from said fibrous composition of matter.
  • ignifuge is generally meant a property of a fabric which does not permit the spreading or propagation of a flame (i.e. fire resistant). It is known that a fabric can be ignifuge because his formed from ignifuge fibres or because it is formed from fibres which, after the fabric has been made, are processed, such as by impregnation treatment with suitable substances which confer said ignifuge property to the fabric.
  • the main object of the present invention is to produce a flameproof, heat-insulating composition of matter which can be processed into yarns, textiles, and non-woven fabrics suitable for application in the garment and furnishing field as well as for industrial applications, and whose flameproof properties are such as not only to prevent the spreading of the flame, but also to resist perforation by a flame at temperatures higher than 400-500 C which is the maximum temperature at which flameproof fabrics at present commerciallyavailable can resist.
  • melting point as used in this specification should be intended in the sense of a melting process which involves at least a partial disintegration of the molecular structure of the fibre and in which the boundaries between the pure melting process and the pure disintegration might not be exactly defined.
  • the present invention relates to a composite yarn, comprising a glass-fibre core and a coating for said core formed from at least two fibres selected from the group consisting of synthetic fibres, natural fibres and blends thereof having melting points which differ from each other and are below the melting point of said glass fibres and which, when melting, form on said, core a substantially carbonous residue, said melting involving atleast a partial decomposition.
  • glass fibres as used in this specification and in the accompanying claims, are meant common glass fibres, beta glass fibres, ceramic fibres and the like fibres.
  • Beta glass fibres appear to be of par-- ticular advantagefor the applications of this invention. Beta fibres are manufactured by Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation of U.S.A'., but under the term Beta glass fibres as used in this specification glas fibres having singularly a diameterof less than 5 microns should be intended.
  • Synthetic and/or natural fibres having disintegrative melting points lower than that of said glass fibres comprise, woollen fibres, artificial proteic fibres, naturalsilk fibres, chlorovinyl fibres, modacrylic fibres, acrylonitrile fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibres, cellulose fibres, preventively treated with fire-resistant substances and their blends.
  • woolen fibres and chlorovinyl fibres are particularly advantageous, in applications of this invention.
  • the weight proportions of the components of the yam' were as follows: 100 parts by weight of Td 100 Beta fibre glass, 60 parts by weight of 66 wool and 40 parts by weight of polychlorovinyl fibre Leavin of 3 deniers. First a roving of wool and Leavin fibres was madewith the indicated proportions in conventional manner and the roving and the fiber glass thread were joined by the conventional core'spun technique. A composite ya'rn has been obtained in which a core of fibre glass was completely surrounded by fibres of wool and Leavin forming a coating.
  • the composite yarn thus obtained was exposed to a Bunsen flame of about 800 C. First the melting of the Leavin fibre was observed, which formed a deposite on the other fibres retarding the heat action thereon. Subsequently the wool fibres begun to melt and decompose. I I I It was observed thatthe melting residue of Leavin fibres and the melting residue of wool fibres mixed and formed a carbonous residue which made a protective and insulating deposite on the glass fibres. The yarn showed a surprising heat and fire resistance. It is believed that these surprising fire and heat resisting properties are aided by the following mechanism.
  • the decomposition of the polychlorovinyl fibre takes place with the development of acidic gas and a deposit of said fibre on other fibres with which his intimately mixed.
  • the wool fibres which have an inflamability point of about 600 C begin to meltwith the development of basic gas.
  • the two gases developing from the melting of the polychlorovinyl and wool fibres partly neutralize each other, thus preventing the wool from burning, due to lack of oxygen; the amalgam formed from the chlorovinyl residues and of the carbon residues originating from the wool are depositated on the beta glass fibre (the core of the composite yarn). This glass fibre is thermically protected by such residues deposited on it, "resisting up to over 900 C before initiating the melting process.
  • the composite yarn according to the invention was woven, forming textile goods having, in addition to the above mentioned surprising ignifuge characteristics, all those properties normally required for clothing and furnishings.
  • the tests carried out, showed that, when subjected to the action of fire the heat insulating properties of the fabric remarkably increased.
  • EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3 A- composite yam was obtained according to indications of example 1, substituting the wool with natural silk. In this case, when subjected to a flame, the yarn resisted up to a temperature in the order of 700 C.
  • EXAMPLE 6 I The procedure of obtaining a yarn according to Example 4 was followed; wherein however the coating of the beta glass fibre was obtained by first forming a thread from the rovings of acrylonitrilic and polyester fibres and then jointing together suchthread with the thread of glass fibre by a conventional end-to-end technique.
  • the composite yarns obtained according to this example subjected to the action of the flame, resisted up to a temperature in'the order of 550-600 C.
  • Example 8 The procedure as described in Example I was followed with the exception that the polychlorovinyl fibre was substituted by 66 polyamide fibre, while the wool was substituted each time by other artificial proteic fibres or by natural silk. In each case composite yarns were always obtained which resisted high temperatures, comparable with those against which the yarn obtained by Example 1 resisted.
  • EXAMPLE 9-9A The procedure according-to that described in examples 1-8 was followed, with the exception that a beta glass fibre was substituted, the first time, with a common glass thread, and the second time with a ceramic thread, thus obtaining two composite yarns which resisted a temperature in the order of 600-650 C before melting, which means that they had altogether surprising ignifuge characteristics compared with the fireresistant characteristics of yarns up to now known.
  • the yarns obtained according to the previous examples were woven and shaped into textile goods having, in addition to the above-mentioned surprising ignifuge and insulating characteristics, all those properties normally required from fabrics which are applicable to the fields of clothing industry, furnishings and other known industrial applications.
  • the non-woven fabric of theabove-mentioned type issuitable for numerous applications among which the most remarkable ones are the obtaining of linings or stuffirigsQwall-tO-wall carpets of the moquette type,
  • said second fibres are selected from wool fibres, artificial proteic fibres, natural silk fibres, chlorovinyl fibres, modacrylic fibres, acrylonitrilic fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibres, and their blends.
  • EXAMPLE 10 kg. of glass tuft or flock and 10 kg. of wool tuft or flock and 10 kg. of polychlorovinyl tuft were thoroughly mixed, and a non-woven fabric of the felted type was obtained therefrom by conventional techniques. Repeated and strictly controlled tests, showed very high ignifuge properties, currently unavailable in the known non-woven fabrics, and even higher than the ignifuge properties of the single fibres composing the fabric thus obtained. This was explained by a cooperative ignifuge action of surface and near to surface layers of the fabric.
  • paddings or stuffings in general were easily obtained as for instance paddings for furnishings, motor-car seats, to the obtaining of covering elements such as for instance wall-to-wa1l carpets and the like, which all had the same desired fire-resistant characteristics.
  • EXAMPLE 1 l A non-woven felted-type fabric was obtained in a conventional manner by intimately mixing 10 kg. of ceramic fibre, 10 kg. of modacrylic fibre and 10 kg. of wool or other artificial proteic fibres or silk. In all cases, the non-woven fabric thus obtained when subjected to the effect of a flame, resisted very high temperatures in the order of 700C before the melting process of the internal layers of the fabric started. Similarly, as already mentioned in Example 10, this nonwoven fabric was used to obtain articles such as, for example, paddings or stuffings, articles for covering and the like, all having high ignifuge characteristics.
  • non-woven fabric of this invention different combinations of glass fibres, ceramic fibres, beta glass fibres in an intimate blend with at least two other fibres of which one was selected from the group of woollen fibres, artificial proteic fibres, natural silk fibres and the other one was selected from the group of chlorovinyl, modacrylic, acrylonitrilic, polyester, polyamide and the like fibres or their blends, were used. All the non-woven fabrics obtained from these combinations had surprising ignifuge characteristics and were easily processable for obtaining textile goods, such as paddings in general, covering articles, ropes and the like.
  • a composite yarn which exhibits fire resistant properties due to thermal decomposition comprising a glass-fiber core, a carbonizable coating for said core consisting of a blend of a natural animal fiber witha synthetic fiber, said coating exhibiting thermal decomposition, upon being subjected to high temperatures, and forming a substantially carbonaceous residue rendering the yarn fire resistant.
  • glass fiber is selected from the group consisting of beta glass fibers, common glass fibers, ceramic fibers and mixtures thereof.
  • said synthetic fiber is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylchloride fibers, polyamide fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyester fibers, polyacrylonitrilic fibers and mixtures thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US123401A 1970-03-17 1971-03-11 Fibrous composition of matter Expired - Lifetime US3913309A (en)

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IT2205070 1970-03-17
IT2698270 1970-07-03
IT3168370A IT955026B (it) 1970-11-12 1970-11-12 Tessuto non tessuto presentante caratteristiche ignifughe

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CA (1) CA940288A (da)
CH (1) CH527299A (da)
DE (1) DE2112559A1 (da)
DK (1) DK140995B (da)
ES (1) ES389663A1 (da)
FI (1) FI55361C (da)
FR (1) FR2087803A5 (da)
GB (2) GB1348768A (da)
IL (1) IL36371A (da)
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4381639A (en) * 1980-06-19 1983-05-03 Record Industrial Company Sheath-core yarn for severe thermal protecting fabrics and method therefor
US4384450A (en) * 1979-08-13 1983-05-24 Celanese Corporation Mixed fiber length yarn
US4430851A (en) * 1982-01-29 1984-02-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Twisted ceramic fiber sewing thread
US4433535A (en) 1980-12-31 1984-02-28 Valeo Glass fibre yarns and other goods, and method of manufacture
US4466237A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-08-21 Celanese Corporation Mixed fiber length yarn
US4500593A (en) * 1980-12-01 1985-02-19 Weber John W Protective fabric and fire curtain with a metallic laminate
US4921756A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-05-01 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire resistant balanced fine corespun yarn and fabric formed thereof
US4927698A (en) * 1989-03-15 1990-05-22 Springs Industries, Inc. Pucker and shrink resistant flame retardant fabric formed of corespun yarns
US4958485A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-09-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Corespun yarn for fire resistant safety apparel
US4987026A (en) * 1988-08-31 1991-01-22 Uniroyal Plastics Co., Inc. Flame retardant fabric structure
US4991387A (en) * 1988-03-30 1991-02-12 Teijin Limited Polyester and cotton blended yarn and polyester staple fiber stock used therein
US4996099A (en) * 1989-10-27 1991-02-26 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire-resistant fabric
US5091243A (en) * 1989-04-04 1992-02-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire barrier fabric
US5141542A (en) * 1986-06-04 1992-08-25 Filature De La Gosse S.A. Fire resistant textile yarn and use thereof
US5506043A (en) * 1989-08-18 1996-04-09 Norfab Corporation Thermal protective fabric and core-spun heat resistant yarn for making the same, said yarns consisting essentially of a fiberglass core and a cover of modacrylic fibers and at least one other flame retardant fiber
US5701730A (en) * 1991-03-14 1997-12-30 Tba Industrial Products Limited Incandescent mantles
US5773143A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-06-30 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. Activated carbon coated ceramic fibers
US6146759A (en) * 1999-09-28 2000-11-14 Land Fabric Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
WO2002040755A2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Basf Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6620212B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-09-16 Mckinnon-Land, Llc Method of dyeing a corespun yarn and dyed corespun yarn
US20050255775A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-17 Chilewich L.L.C. Fiberglass fabric flooring system
US20090250174A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-10-08 Cloninger James N Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
US20100024992A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2010-02-04 Smoke Guard, Inc. Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
WO2014015351A1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-30 Lenzing Ag Flame resistant fabric for protective clothing

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JPS5777336A (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-05-14 Hitachi Ltd Composite fiber product
GB8334513D0 (en) * 1983-12-29 1984-02-01 Cc Developments Ltd Fire retardant fabrics
EP0297187A1 (en) * 1984-06-21 1989-01-04 Lane, Maxwell Victor Forming a batt of bonded fibres for use as thermal insulation
FR2602248B1 (fr) * 1986-08-01 1989-11-24 Brochier Sa Structure textile multidimensionnelle pour le renforcement de materiaux stratifies et procede et metier a tisser permettant l'obtention d'une telle structure
FR2647126B1 (fr) * 1989-05-19 1992-01-10 Duflot & Fils Complexe textile non tisse destine a former une barriere anti-feu
GB2240998B (en) * 1990-02-14 1994-05-18 George Alexander Ingus Stiffened webs and composite yarns
FR2748496B1 (fr) * 1996-05-07 1998-06-26 Chavanoz Ind Fil composite
US11248319B2 (en) * 2016-10-05 2022-02-15 Toray Industries, Inc. Flame-resistant woven fabric
CN111206334A (zh) * 2020-03-18 2020-05-29 殷石 一种高性能合成纤维网

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US3297405A (en) * 1963-11-21 1967-01-10 Siemens Planiawerke Ag Method of carbonizing animal fiber materials
US3527564A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-09-08 Stevens & Co Inc J P Process for carbonizing fibrous materials
US3572397A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-03-23 Uniroyal Inc Noncombustion-supporting fabric
US3617220A (en) * 1970-03-13 1971-11-02 Stevens & Co Inc J P Process for carbonizing cellulosic fibrous substrates
US3716332A (en) * 1970-07-27 1973-02-13 Ducommun Inc Carbonization of wool

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US3297405A (en) * 1963-11-21 1967-01-10 Siemens Planiawerke Ag Method of carbonizing animal fiber materials
US3527564A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-09-08 Stevens & Co Inc J P Process for carbonizing fibrous materials
US3572397A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-03-23 Uniroyal Inc Noncombustion-supporting fabric
US3617220A (en) * 1970-03-13 1971-11-02 Stevens & Co Inc J P Process for carbonizing cellulosic fibrous substrates
US3716332A (en) * 1970-07-27 1973-02-13 Ducommun Inc Carbonization of wool

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4384450A (en) * 1979-08-13 1983-05-24 Celanese Corporation Mixed fiber length yarn
US4381639A (en) * 1980-06-19 1983-05-03 Record Industrial Company Sheath-core yarn for severe thermal protecting fabrics and method therefor
US4500593A (en) * 1980-12-01 1985-02-19 Weber John W Protective fabric and fire curtain with a metallic laminate
US4466237A (en) * 1980-12-16 1984-08-21 Celanese Corporation Mixed fiber length yarn
US4433535A (en) 1980-12-31 1984-02-28 Valeo Glass fibre yarns and other goods, and method of manufacture
US4430851A (en) * 1982-01-29 1984-02-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Twisted ceramic fiber sewing thread
US5141542A (en) * 1986-06-04 1992-08-25 Filature De La Gosse S.A. Fire resistant textile yarn and use thereof
US4991387A (en) * 1988-03-30 1991-02-12 Teijin Limited Polyester and cotton blended yarn and polyester staple fiber stock used therein
US4987026A (en) * 1988-08-31 1991-01-22 Uniroyal Plastics Co., Inc. Flame retardant fabric structure
US4958485A (en) * 1988-12-22 1990-09-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Corespun yarn for fire resistant safety apparel
US4921756A (en) * 1989-03-03 1990-05-01 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire resistant balanced fine corespun yarn and fabric formed thereof
US5540980A (en) * 1989-03-03 1996-07-30 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire resistant fabric made of balanced fine corespun yarn
US4927698A (en) * 1989-03-15 1990-05-22 Springs Industries, Inc. Pucker and shrink resistant flame retardant fabric formed of corespun yarns
US5091243A (en) * 1989-04-04 1992-02-25 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire barrier fabric
US5506043A (en) * 1989-08-18 1996-04-09 Norfab Corporation Thermal protective fabric and core-spun heat resistant yarn for making the same, said yarns consisting essentially of a fiberglass core and a cover of modacrylic fibers and at least one other flame retardant fiber
US4996099A (en) * 1989-10-27 1991-02-26 Springs Industries, Inc. Fire-resistant fabric
US5701730A (en) * 1991-03-14 1997-12-30 Tba Industrial Products Limited Incandescent mantles
US5773143A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-06-30 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. Activated carbon coated ceramic fibers
US6146759A (en) * 1999-09-28 2000-11-14 Land Fabric Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6287690B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2001-09-11 Land Fabric Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6410140B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2002-06-25 Basf Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6553749B2 (en) 1999-09-28 2003-04-29 Mckinnon-Land, Llc Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6606846B2 (en) 1999-09-28 2003-08-19 Mckinnon-Land, Llc Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US20040002272A1 (en) * 1999-09-28 2004-01-01 Mckinnon-Land, Llc Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US6620212B1 (en) 2000-09-22 2003-09-16 Mckinnon-Land, Llc Method of dyeing a corespun yarn and dyed corespun yarn
WO2002040755A2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Basf Corporation Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
WO2002040755A3 (en) * 2000-11-14 2002-07-25 Basf Corp Fire resistant corespun yarn and fabric comprising same
US20050255775A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-17 Chilewich L.L.C. Fiberglass fabric flooring system
US20080006364A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2008-01-10 Chilewich Llc Fiberglass fabric flooring system
US7326661B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2008-02-05 Chilewich L.L.C. Fiberglass fabric flooring system
US7850802B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2010-12-14 Chilewich L.L.C. Fiberglass fabric flooring system
US20090250174A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-10-08 Cloninger James N Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
US20100024992A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2010-02-04 Smoke Guard, Inc. Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
US8016017B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2011-09-13 Smoke Guard, Inc. Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
US8113266B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2012-02-14 Smoke Guard, Inc. Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
US8646510B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2014-02-11 James N. Cloninger Barrier systems and associated methods, including vapor and/or fire barrier systems
WO2014015351A1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-30 Lenzing Ag Flame resistant fabric for protective clothing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE764374A (fr) 1971-08-16
FI55361C (fi) 1979-07-10
IL36371A0 (en) 1971-05-26
SE369426B (da) 1974-08-26
DK140995B (da) 1979-12-17
ES389663A1 (es) 1974-03-01
CH527299A (de) 1972-08-31
FI55361B (fi) 1979-03-30
NL7103538A (da) 1971-09-21
AT339182B (de) 1977-10-10
ATA212671A (de) 1977-01-15
DK140995C (da) 1980-05-27
IL36371A (en) 1975-06-25
FR2087803A5 (da) 1971-12-31
GB1348068A (en) 1974-03-13
DE2112559A1 (de) 1971-09-30
GB1348768A (en) 1974-03-20
CA940288A (en) 1974-01-22

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